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二维非定常欧拉方程的有限元解法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过求解时间相关的欧拉方程,对振荡翼型的非定常二维无粘可压缩绕流作了数值模拟。求解方程时采用了有限体积积分的方法,并用VanLeer逆风通量分裂格式来计算控制体通量。隐式格式的采用,大大提高了计算效率;同时,通过插值使得空间离散达到了二阶精度。另外,本文采用基于非结构三角形网格的动态网格来处理刚性物体的移动,从而顺利地解决了复杂几何外形物体的非定常绕流的问题。文章最后给出了NACA0012翼型绕四分之一弦线作简谐俯仰振动的计算结果。一个周期内的瞬时压强分布以及升力和力矩系数都与实验结果吻合良好, 相似文献
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针对NACA0012翼型舵面偏转问题,数值模拟了不同参数对翼型气动特性的影响。基于非结构动网格技术,采用ALE有限体积描述下的二维可压缩非定常N-S方程,计算通量采用Vanleer格式、时空二阶格式,利用Venkatakrishnan限制器抑制数值振荡。非定常计算结果表明,NACA0012翼型绕1/4弦点作周期性俯仰振动的升力系数和俯仰力矩系数结果与实验数据吻合良好,验证了数值方法的准确性;在翼型舵面表面有分离区产生,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数形成滞回环,在亚声速情况下,滞回环幅值较小,进入超声速阶段以后,幅值增大,随着翼型间缝隙宽度逐渐增加,翼型升力系数和俯仰力矩系数与无缝翼型相比逐渐降低。 相似文献
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跨声速粘性流绕振荡翼型的非定常计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用时间和穴是二阶精度的Beam-Warming格式和Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模式及q-ω二方程微分模式,结合网格自适应技术,数值模拟N-S方程,计算了跨声速下的翼型非定常运动,包括俯仰,浮沉和前后平移振荡。结果表明,压力分布和气动系数与实验基本符合,微分模式和自适应网格能够显著提高激波和边界层计算精度。 相似文献
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低雷诺数翼型局部振动非定常气动特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对低雷诺数翼型特殊的气动特性,采用基于动网格的非定常数值模拟方法,研究翼型表面不同弦向位置的局部蒙皮以不同频率及振幅振动时对低雷诺数翼型气动特性及流场结构的影响,揭示蒙皮振动增升减阻的机理。研究表明,在低雷诺数条件下局部蒙皮振动可有效提高翼型气动特性,与刚性翼型相比蒙皮局部振动可使翼型升力系数提高,阻力系数降低,升阻比提高。振动位置对翼型气动特性及流场结构有显著的影响,振动表面位于翼型前缘附近或位于层流分离泡中心时可有效控制翼型层流分离,从而提高翼型气动特性。振动频率对翼型表面层流分离及转捩位置均有显著的影响,随着振动频率增加,翼型气动特性出现最优值。与刚性翼型相比,表面振动使翼型转捩位置略向上游移动,摩擦阻力增加,但振动使等效翼型相对厚度减小,压差阻力明显减小。在小幅振动范围内,随着振幅增加,流场非定常特性更加显著,翼型升阻比增加。 相似文献
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经典跨声速翼型RAE2822风洞试验数据长久以来被广泛用于CFD计算方法和软件的验证与确认,但是数据的正确使用或者说合理使用仍存在一些需要研究和注意的问题,包括计算网格、风洞试验数据修正、中弧线修正、翼型几何定义和建模,以及摩擦阻力系数和边界层速度剖面的原始定义等。在开展CFD研究之前,必须首先对计算方法进行验证,尤其是要先尽可能消除计算结果对计算网格的依赖性;经过对目前可开放使用的计算网格的不足之处进行分析,研制了一套高品质的计算网格并获得了预期的一阶网格收敛性;通过计算软件交叉验证,进一步确保所用计算软件的可信度。在将CFD计算结果与翼型风洞试验数据进行比对时,通常需要对马赫数和攻角进行修正,且如何修正是一个需要持续研究的问题;翼型中弧线修正是一种有效的方法,但需要考虑流动参数的影响。原始翼型几何构型采用有限离散点定义,计算网格生成过程中需要采用插值方法布置型面网格点,不同插值方法对于翼型前缘附近流动的数值模拟有细微影响。多数相关研究工作只比对压力分布;少数研究工作会比对摩擦阻力系数、边界层及尾迹速度剖面,但在比对时,需要注意原始风洞试验相关参数定义与CFD计算常用定义的区别。 相似文献
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采用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方法计算了18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速抖振特性,分析了翼面激波振荡及流场结构演化的特点,研究了在翼型表面开通气空腔抑制跨声速抖振的可行性,对空腔深度、开缝数目对激波振荡的抑制效果进行了对比分析。计算发现,18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速激波自激振荡只有向前的运动,没有向后的运动,开缝空腔能够抑制翼型跨声速抖振,但对抖振频率影响不大;空腔深度大,抑制效果好,但空腔深度变化对振荡频率影响不大;开2、3、4个槽缝抑制抖振的效果差别不大,开缝数量对抖振频率影响不大。 相似文献
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《Progress in Aerospace Sciences》2001,37(2):147-196
Self-sustained shock wave oscillations on airfoils at transonic flow conditions are associated with the phenomenon of buffeting. The physical mechanisms of the periodic shock motion are not yet fully understood even though experiments performed over fifty years ago have demonstrated the presence of oscillatory shock waves on the airfoil surfaces at high subsonic speeds. The unsteady pressure fluctuations generated by the low-frequency large-amplitude shock motions are highly undesirable from the structural integrity and aircraft maneuverability point of view. For modern supercritical wing design with thick profiles, the shock-induced fluctuations are particularly severe and methods to reduce the shock wave amplitudes to lower values or even to delay the oscillations to higher Mach numbers or incidence angles will result in expanding the buffet boundary of the airfoil. This review begins with a recapitulation of the classical work on shock-induced bubble separation and trailing edge separation of a turbulent boundary layer. The characteristics of the unsteady pressure fluctuations are used to classify the types of shock-boundary layer interaction. The various modes of shock wave motion for different flow conditions and airfoil configurations are described. The buffet boundaries obtained using the standard trailing edge pressure divergence technique and an alternative approach of measuring the divergence of normal fluctuating forces are compared to show the equivalence. The mechanisms of self-sustained shock oscillations are discussed for symmetrical circular-arc airfoils at zero incidence and for supercritical airfoils at high incidence angles with fully separated flows. The properties of disturbances in the wake are examined from linear stability analysis of two-dimensional compressible flows. The advances in high-speed computing make predictions of buffeting flows possible. Navier–Stokes solvers and approximate boundary layer-inviscid flow interaction methods are shown to give good correlation of frequencies and other unsteady flow characteristics with experiments. Finally, passive and active methods of shock oscillation control show promising results in delaying buffet onset to higher Mach numbers or incidence angles, thus enhancing the transonic performance of airfoils. 相似文献
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《Aerospace Science and Technology》2005,9(5):390-399
For the present investigations of dynamic stall a supercritical airfoil was chosen. This new airfoil designed by DLR will be used in dynamic stall control research activities (project ADASYS) planned for the near future: the leading edge portion of the airfoil will be drooped down dynamically to improve dynamic stall characteristics on the retreating side during blade motion. The optimised transonic properties of the airfoil, i.e., reduction of shock strength over a Mach number range will improve in addition the performance of the advancing rotor blade. Dynamic stall experiments on the rigid supercritical airfoil have first been carried out in the DNW-TWG transonic wind tunnel with a 1 m × 1 m cross section of the test section and adaptive top and bottom – walls. This tunnel has the advantage to cover the speed range of both retreating and advancing blade. Emphasis has been placed on unsteady pressure measurements along the adaptive walls simultaneously with the unsteady pressure measurements on the pitching model. In addition to the experiments corresponding numerical simulations with a RANS-code have been carried out and their results are compared with the experimental data. Of main concern are the influence of laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition as well as wind-tunnel-wall interference effects on the unsteady results. 相似文献
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本文介绍一种带操纵面机翼的非定常跨声速流的有限差分计算方法。采用的方程是三元非定常跨声速修正小扰动位势方程,使用时间积分法,求解格式是近似因式分解交替方向隐式(ADI)格式。使用这种方法计算了F-5机翼在来流马赫数为0.9和0.925时的定常气动力和操纵面振荡的非定常气动力。计算结果与国外的NLR试验结果和XTRAN3S方法的计算结果进行了比较,表明计算是成功的。 相似文献
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为了提供双凸翼型叶栅在所有叶间相位角及实际折合频率下高亚音和跨音定常和振荡气动性能的基本数据,在 NASA路易斯研究中心的跨音振荡叶栅试验设备上进行了一系列试验。为了进行该试验,研制出并使用了非定常气动影响系数法,即叶栅中一次只有一个翼型振荡,测出该振荡翼型与邻近静止翼型上非定常压力的矢量和,藉此就能确定在特定叶间相位角下相当于全部叶片振荡的叶栅的非定常气动性能。 相似文献
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Transonic flow over a thin airfoil at low Reynolds number was studied numerically by directly solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations through 5th order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme without using any turbulence model.A series of distinguished unsteady phenomena for a thin 2-D transonic airfoil flow were presented.Due to continuous adverse pressure gradient in the subsonic flow downstream of the sonic line, the unsteady separated boundary layer with main vortex and secondary vortex was developed at the rear of the airfoil.At the trailing edge,the vortex-shedding was characterized by periodical connection of the main vortex and secondary vortex on the other side of the airfoil.The unsteady separation and vortex-shedding occurred with the same period.On the airfoil surface,the average pulse pressure related to the unsteady supersonic region was obviously smaller than that related to the vortex-shedding at the trailing edge.With the attack angle increasing from 0° to 2°, the frequency of vortex-shedding decreases about 4.2%.At last, the turbulence intensity and many second-order statistics in the wake region were investigated. 相似文献
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本文在文献[1]的基础上,构造了二维非定常可压缩Euler方程组的SUPG变分方程组。文中对由文献[1]提出的预估——校正算法作了分析,并用该算法对变分方程组进行解算,所做算例分别为:无粘性激波在固壁上的反射、零攻角10%抛物翼型亚、跨声速绕流、带攻角NACA 0012翼型跨声速绕流,取得了较好的数值结果。 相似文献
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运用基于非定常CFD的气动力辨识技术,得到跨声速非定常气动力降阶模型。耦合结构动力学方程,建立了基于状态空间的跨声速气动弹性分析模型。分析了典型三自由度二元机翼的颤振边界,分析结果与CFD/CSD直接耦合方法吻合。然后研究了操纵面结构参数(固有频率和重心位置)对跨声速气动弹性特性的影响。研究发现,一些传统的结构设计准则和颤振排除技术未必适用于跨声速状态;操纵面偏转模态常常成为诱发跨声速颤振的主要模态;经典的质量平衡技术可能会降低跨声速气动弹性系统的稳定性。 相似文献
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在随时间变化的贴本坐标系中给出求解非定常Euler方程的连续通量分裂法。在此基础上建立了可用于跨音速非定常流动的Euler方程隐式求解法。采用特征向量变换,可在保证原方程组离散化精度的条件下使计算大为简化。针对振动翼绕流特点建立了固连于物体的动坐标与固定坐标间的关系。数值计算在动坐标中进行,既简化网格生成又保证在物面上满足边晃条件。对NACA64A-10冀型绕1/4弦点做简谐俯仰振动的非定常气动力进行了计算,给出了与实验结果基本相符的计算结果。此外,还给出翼型做沉浮及同时进行沉浮与俯仰二自由度振动的非定常气动力的计算结果。 相似文献
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跨声速抖振引起的非定常脉动载荷会造成飞行器结构疲劳甚至引发飞行事故,所以跨声速抖振的控制研究逐渐成为航空领域的热点。采用基于Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型的非定常雷诺平均方程开展了基于谐振舵面的跨声速抖振抑制研究。首先验证静止NACA0012翼型的抖振边界和频率特性,然后分别从舵偏平衡位置、舵偏幅值、频率以及相角等角度研究了谐振舵面的控制效果。舵偏平衡位置等效于减小了翼型的有效迎角;幅值和频率对抖振抑制效果影响较大,当舵面振荡频率与抖振频率接近时发生共振现象;相角对控制效果有一定影响,在270°相角附近,升力系数幅值减小了60%。在合适的舵偏幅值、频率以及相角组合下,谐振舵面有可能成为跨声速抖振的有效开环控制策略。 相似文献