民用飞机机轮最大刹车能量研究

机轮刹车装置是飞机起落架的重要组成部分,在地面减速过程中吸收飞机大部分动能,对飞机起降安全至关重要。其中,最大刹车能量设计是刹车装置的关键参数之一,与机轮刹车装置的安全性和经济性紧密相关。对民用飞机机轮刹车装置最大刹车能量的计算进行研究,按照适航规章相关要求,结合适航当局对刹车装置最大刹车能量计算的关注要点和飞机的设计构型,以某民用飞机为例,分析了机轮最大刹车能量计算中的影响因素,并通过计算对比该飞机在预定的不同使用场景与可能遇到的单个及多个故障叠加工况着陆时的刹车能量,确定该型飞机最大刹车能量出现在典型高原机场两个机轮刹车装置失效着陆工况,最大刹车能量为32.44 MJ,为飞机机轮刹车装置的设计提供关键参数。     

飞机刹车机轮的热分析和热学设计

热分析和热学设计是飞机刹车机轮设计工作的主要内容之一q 本文介绍了当前国际上先进的飞机刹车机轮的热分析方法和热学设计元件     

某型航空机轮热/固耦合中热场对轮毂强度的影响

本文针对机轮轮毂在热场和径侧向联合载荷作用下的静强度应力分布行研究,通过使用Ansys Workbench软件建立机轮的有限元模型,采用间接热/固耦合方法进行数值模拟分析。模拟结果显示:刹车热场使机轮轮毂的受载环境更加恶劣,机轮轮毂在刹车热场作用下各点应力值均有显著增加,对轮毂的应力强度要求至少提高10 MPa,应力上升幅度大于19.6%。     

飞机刹车副温度场的瞬态有限元模型

飞机制动过程中刹车装置产生的高温可使摩擦材料发生热降解,导致摩擦系数变化,出现热衰退现象,影响飞机的安全性能,因此飞机刹车副瞬态温度场分析日益受到关注。针对飞机刹车副瞬态温度场建立了具有对流和热辐射两种边界条件的有限元计算模型,分析了边界条件对温度场的影响,并用ANSYS对其进行仿真计算。仿真计算得到的温度与刹车副经验温度基本吻合,证明了所建立的有限元计算模型合理、可行,为飞机刹车装置温度场分析、计算和研究提供理论支持。     

基于Cantor集理论粗糙表面刹车副温度场研究

 为保证飞机着陆安全,避免热衰退现象影响制动性能,研究了飞机刹车副表面粗糙度对温度场的影响。将Cantor集理论应用到接触形貌分析中,按照体守恒原理建立刹车副粗糙表面接触模型,考虑其对刹车副材料热物理性能的影响,建立极坐标下刹车副温度场有限元模型。用ANSYS对其进行仿真分析。仿真结果更接近刹车副经验温度,证明了所建立的刹车副温度场模型合理、可行,为刹车副温度场分析、计算和研究提供了理论支持。     

基于Hyperworks的航空机轮模态分析

为了得到整体航空机轮的主要振型及频率,本文采用CATIA、Hyperworks建立了机轮刹车一体化模型。结果表明机轮中轮毂、刹车盘、刹车壳体中存在轴向、径向等横向振动,以及垂直于轴向的弯曲振动。本文使用Hypermesh划分了机轮的高质量网格,采用RBE2单元进行接触建模。利用Opti Struct模块进行模态分析,得到机轮的前10阶模态振型。阐明了固有频率、振型和激振力对机轮刹车效率、结构强度刚度等的影响。     

航空机轮和刹车装置状况监控技术的发展

航空机轮和刹车装置状况监控技术包括机轮温度监控、轮胎压力监控、刹车间隙 /寿命监控和无损检测。作为飞机着陆系统的重要组成部分，航空机轮应用监控技术是十分必要的。本文综述了该装置状况监控的进展，并以期推动其进一步完善和发展。     

某型客机炭/炭材料刹车装置温度场检测研究

建立了某型机轮的刹车装置有限元模型,计算了各个部位上的热对流交换系数,采用能量转换法计算了刹车中炭盘表面的热通量.应用Patran、Nastran模拟了在重载着陆与中止起飞两种工况下的瞬态温度场.结果表明炭盘的热库设计合理而密封圈处气缸座与活塞的热库设计需要改进.仿真结果与试验结果相符,证明应用此模型进行刹车装置热库的检验矫正较为合理,具有工程指导意义.     

基于STAMP/STPA的机轮刹车系统安全性分析

把机轮刹车系统在飞机降落过程中的安全性问题当作系统控制问题,不采用基于故障概率模型的事故模型,而是采用基于系统理论的事故模型和过程(STAMP),构建机轮刹车系统在飞机降落过程中的STAMP控制关联模型和系统理论过程分析(STPA)反馈控制回路。根据系统运行的上下文信息识别机轮刹车系统在飞机降落过程中的不安全控制行为,分析产生不安全控制行为的关键原因。对机轮刹车系统在飞机降落过程中的不安全控制行为进行仿真研究,结果表明了STAMP/STPA的有效性和用仿真方法分析安全性问题的可行性。     

航空机轮和刹车装置零组件及结构要素通用化工作研究

详细阐述了开展航空机轮和刹车装置零组件及结构要素通用化研究工作的意义及重要性,分析了国内外航空机轮和刹车装置专业通用化的现状,指出了当前存在的问题,并提出了开展航空机轮和刹车装置零组件及结构要素通用化工作的方案及实施途径.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.