一种可任意给定环量分布的螺旋桨设计方法

提出了一种螺旋桨快速设计方法,该方法可以根据任意给定的环量分布及工况快速设计出高效率螺旋桨的几何外形（桨叶弦长、扭转角分布）。为对比有叶素阻力与无叶素阻力的最佳环量分布形式,首先对计入和不计叶素阻力下的最佳环量分布表达式进行了推导,分析了各参数对最佳环量分布形状的影响。然后基于片条理论进行了逆向推导,建立了以环量分布为输入的螺旋桨快速设计方法,并分析了螺旋桨理想效率的影响因素,发现理想效率的水平与来流动压、桨盘载荷有关。最后进行了螺旋桨设计实践,对比分析了不同环量分布下螺旋桨性能的差异。结果表明,所提出的设计方法能够根据给定环量分布进行精确设计,相对误差不超过7%,设计性能与参考文献中设计结果的差别不超过2%。      

Accuracy of angle estimation with monopulse processing using twobeams

Expressions are provided for the accuracy of monopulse angle estimation using two beams. It is shown that, if the signal angle is halfway between the angles of the beams, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for monopulse processing is almost as small as the CRLB obtained if the entire array of sensors is used. The monopulse CRLB is considerably poorer if the angle of the signal is equal to that of one of the two beams. The expressions in this correspondence are for a uniformly weighted linear array of M equally spaced sensors, for which N⩾M beams are formed     

小展弦比飞机非线性气动特性风洞与飞行相关性研究

在较大迎角范围，如何由风洞试验数据预计全尺寸小展弦比飞机的非线性气动特性，并与飞行值相关，始终是国际航空界致力解决的重大问题，本项研究采用风洞试验与工程计算相结合的方法，对支架，洞壁、进气，喷流，雷诺数及静弹性等影响相关性的诸因素予以修正，并计及配平影响，从而比较准确地预计出全尺寸收音机的非线性气动特性，预计值与试飞值相比较结果验证了本项研究的可靠性和实用性。     

低温风洞运行压比相关性研究及应用

低温风洞流场参数快速精确控制需要建立驱动风扇功率与马赫数、雷诺数、压力和温度等运行参数间准确动态传递模型.以0.3?m低温风洞初步运行压比和状态参数测试数据为对象,归纳分析发现风洞运行压比与试验马赫数平方成近似线性关系,且相同马赫数下测试数据点分布与雷诺数成有序关系,基于该特性成功构造马赫数和雷诺数组合幂函数,并建立风洞运行压比与组合幂函数的线性关联式.结果表明在马赫数小于1.0和宽广雷诺数变化范围下该动态模型与测试数据具有良好的一致性.同时,利用空气动力学方程式也推导验证了该动态模型的理论正确性.该动态模型的建立使得风洞运行液氮需求和压缩机功率以相对简单的方式与试验状态相关联,将其应用于风洞前馈控制,必将简化风洞控制流程,缩短每个数据点的稳定时间,节约液氮消耗量.     

低温风洞运行压比相关性研究及应用

低温风洞流场参数快速精确控制需要建立驱动风扇功率与马赫数、雷诺数、压力和温度等运行参数间准确动态传递模型.以0.3?m低温风洞初步运行压比和状态参数测试数据为对象,归纳分析发现风洞运行压比与试验马赫数平方成近似线性关系,且相同马赫数下测试数据点分布与雷诺数成有序关系,基于该特性成功构造马赫数和雷诺数组合幂函数,并建立风洞运行压比与组合幂函数的线性关联式.结果表明在马赫数小于1.0和宽广雷诺数变化范围下该动态模型与测试数据具有良好的一致性.同时,利用空气动力学方程式也推导验证了该动态模型的理论正确性.该动态模型的建立使得风洞运行液氮需求和压缩机功率以相对简单的方式与试验状态相关联,将其应用于风洞前馈控制,必将简化风洞控制流程,缩短每个数据点的稳定时间,节约液氮消耗量.     

Bias compensation and tracking with monopulse radars in the presence of multi path

The problem of tracking targets in the presence of reflections from sea or ground is addressed. Both types of reflections (specular and diffuse) are considered. Specular reflection causes large peak errors followed by an approximately constant bias in the monopulse ratio, while diffuse reflection has random variations which on the average generate a bias in the monopulse ratio. Expressions for the average error (bias) in the monopulse ratio due to specular and diffuse reflections and the corresponding variance in the presence of noise in the radar channels are derived. A maximum maneuver-based filter and a multiple model estimator are used for tracking. Simulation results for five scenarios, typical of sea skimmers, with Swerling III fluctuating radar cross sections (RCSs) indicate the significance and efficiency of the technique developed in this paper-a 65% reduction of the rms error in the target height estimate.     

小展弦比飞翼标模三座高速风洞气动力数据相关性研究

为研究飞翼布局模型在不同风洞的测力试验数据的相关性,分析飞翼布局模型风洞测力试验精度水平,为以融合体飞翼布局为代表的未来作战飞机气动力试验精度提供参考,采用同一台测力天平及外形相同的尾支杆在国内三座1．2 m 风洞中对小展弦比飞翼标模进行了重复性试验和对比试验。试验结果表明,小展弦比飞翼标模风洞测力试验精度及不同风洞数据相关性与飞翼布局流动特性关系较大,在小迎角附着流状态,不同风洞的数据相关性较好,测力精度较高,随着迎角的增加,飞翼布局背风面前缘涡会发生破裂,涡破裂后不同风洞的数据相关性和试验精度都有不同程度的降低。跨声速条件下由于飞翼布局背风面复杂的流动特性,使得其试验精度较超声速略差。不同风洞数据的差异主要体现在升力特性拐点起始迎角、近声速附近马赫数的零升阻力系数和零升迎角方面。     

航空活塞发动机串联二级增压压比分配研究

针对某款航空活塞发动机建立仿真建模,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性和适用性;根据匹配要求,进行了增压器选型分析。考虑不同飞行高度中冷器效率和各部分流动阻力变化的前提下,以增压压气机耗功最小为优化目标研究了在全飞行高度运行工况下不同压比分配对发动机增压性能的影响,探究了最适压比分配规律,以此为依据总结出一套基于实验制定二级增压压比分配方案的方法,使二级增压器能全工况运行在高效率区且保持7%以上安全裕度,为基于安全性的二级涡轮增压航空活塞发动机的研制奠定了基础。      

Asymptotic distribution of the conditional signal-to-noise ratio in an eigenanalysis-based adaptive array

The statistical characterization of the conditioned signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sample matrix inversion (SMI) method has been known for some time. An eigenanalysis-based detection method, referred to as the eigencanceler, has been shown to be a useful alternative to SMI, when the interference has low rank. In this work, the density function of the conditioned SNR is developed for the eigencanceler. The development is based on the asymptotic expansion of the distribution of the principal components of the covariance matrix. It is shown that, unlike the SMI method, the eigencanceler yields a conditional SNR distribution that is dependent on the covariance matrix, It is further shown that simpler, covariance matrix-independent approximations can be found for the large interference-to-noise case. The new distribution is shown to be in good agreement with the numerical data obtained from simulations.     

Noise factor of receiving system with arbitrary antenna impedancemismatch

The system operating noise factor of a receiving system is modeled for arbitrary impedance mismatch of the antenna to the transmission line feeding the receiver. The effect of this mismatch on the noise factors of the transmission line and the receiver is considered. The stochastic nature of the external noise factor is considered. The amount of mismatch that can be tolerated before the internal system noise factor exceeds the external noise factor is determined. Numerical results are presented for a VHF-FM radio receiving system with an electrically short monopole antenna. It is noted that a large impedance mismatch at the antenna-transmission-line interface of a radio receiving system can cause a significant increase in the system internal noise factor (more than a 50-dB increase for a voltage reflection coefficient of 0.999)     

Analysis of Min-Norm and MUSIC with arbitrary array geometry

A nonasymptotic performance comparison is presented between the Min-Norm and MUSIC algorithms for estimating the directions of arrival of narrowband plane waves impinging on an array of sensors. The analysis is based on a finite amount of sensor data. The analysis makes the assumption of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and it applies to arrays of arbitrary geometry. It is shown that Min-Norm can be expressed as a certain data-dependent weighted MUSIC algorithm, and that this relationship allows a unified performance comparison. It is also shown that the variances of the estimated directions-of-arrival from the MUSIC algorithm are always smaller than those of the Min-Norm algorithm at high SNR when both algorithms employ a numerical search procedure to obtain the estimates     

Calculation of Probability of Detection with Target Scintillation

This paper presents a computational method for the calculation of probability of detection using measured radar target cross-section data. The described method can also be used for probability of detection calculations when the radar target cross section follows a specified probability density function. Using the computational procedure of the paper, a number of curves are generated which can be used for probability of detection calculations with exponential and Gaussian radar target cross-section distributions. The results obtained using theoretical distributions are compared with the corresponding results using actual target cross-section measurements. The results of computer runs are compared to the corresponding values in the literature where available.     

基于LIBS研究丙烷层流预混火焰温度和当量比的空间分布

激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）是监测燃烧过程关键参数的重要手段之一。为此搭建了LIBS三维可移动实验测量平台,结合等离子体能量和光谱研究了丙烷层流预混火焰的空间结构,得到了不同当量比和不同高度的温度趋势和当量比空间分布。结果表明：本生灯火焰预混燃烧区厚度随高度增加而增加;H、N、O的谱线强度和等离子体能量变化趋势一致,说明粒子体积分数是影响等离子体能量的主因。通过标定H656和N746的谱线强度比值与当量比的关系得到了局部当量比的空间分布。     

Thermohydraulic calculation of channels with cylindrical grooves

In this paper, a model of heat exchange and resistance in the channels with cylindrical grooves on the walls is presented. We compare the calculated data with the experimental results and give some recommendations for designers of power plants.     

Adaptive cubature Kalman filter with the estimation of correlation between multiplicative noise and additive measurement noise

Mobile robots are often subject to multiplicative noise in the target tracking tasks, where the multiplicative measurement noise is correlated with additive measurement noise. In this paper,first, a correlation multiplicative measurement noise model is established. It is able to more accurately represent the measurement error caused by the distance sensor dependence state. Then, the estimated performance mismatch problem of Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) under multiplicative noise is analyzed. An i...     

缩尺模拟板相关性研究

介绍了模拟板由小模型到大模型的研制过程，着重讨论了模拟板小模型与大模型在流场总压恢复系数、周向不均匀度、低压区范围等方面的相关性问题。研究结果表明由小模型到大模型的研制方案是正确可行的。     

出口宽高比及旋流角对双涵道S弯喷管温度分布的影响

采用数值方法研究了出口宽高比及旋流角对基于真实排气混合器构型的双涵道S弯喷管内/外流场温度分布的影响.结果显示:在圆转方弯曲构型的作用下,波瓣混合器及尾锥诱导产生的流向涡在第二弯通道及等直段内部卷吸着热流冲击S弯喷管壁面形成"热斑".在完全遮挡高温部件准则的约束下,随着出口宽高比的增加,S弯喷管壁面的"热斑"温度先增大...     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the space...     

A technique of analyzing critical forces and moments for isotropic rods of arbitrary cross-section in the general case of their complex resistance

The derivation of parametric equations for a limiting surface in the space of internal forces and moments that act in the rod cross-sections, using the basic concepts of plasticity theory and conventional hypotheses of the rod theory, is presented. The plastic properties of rod material are described by the Mises criterion. A case of small displacements and strains under static simple loading is considered. The results of solving a number of problems of constructing limiting curves in the planes of internal forces and moments are given.     

Accurate closed-form eigensolutions of three-dimensional panel flutter with arbitrary homogeneous boundary conditions

Highly accurate closed-form eigensolutions for flutter of three-dimensional (3D) panel with arbitrary combinations of simply supported (S), glide (G), clamped (C) and free (F) boundary conditions (BCs), such as cantilever panels, are achieved according to the linear thin plate theory and the first-order piston theory as well as the complex modal analysis, and all solutions are in a simple and explicit form. The iterative Separation-of-Variable (iSOV) method proposed by the present authors is employed to obtain the highly accurate eigensolutions. The flutter mechanism is studied with the benefit of eigenvalue properties from mathematical senses. The effects of boundary conditions, chord-thickness ratios, aerodynamic damping, aspect ratios and in-plane loads on flutter properties are examined. The results are compared with those of Kantorovich method and Galerkin method, and also coincide well with analytical solutions in literature, verifying the accuracy of the present closed-form results. It is revealed that, (A) the flutter characteristics are dominated by the cross section properties of panels in the direction of stream flow; (B) two types of flutter, called coupled-mode flutter and zero-frequency flutter which includes zero-frequency single-mode flutter and buckling, are observed; (C) boundary conditions and in-plane loads can affect both flutter boundary and flutter type; (D) the flutter behavior of 3D panel is similar to that of the two-dimensional (2D) panel if the aspect ratio is up to a certain value; (E) four to six modes should be used in the Galerkin method for accurate eigensolutions, and the results converge to that of Kantorovich method which uses the same mode functions in the direction perpendicular to the stream flow. The present analysis method can be used as a reference for other stability issues characterized by complex eigenvalues, and the highly closed-form solutions are useful in parameter designs and can also be taken as benchmarks for the validation of numerical methods.