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月表太空风化会改变月壤光谱特征, 影响月壤元素遥感反演精度. 研究太空风化对月壤光谱的影响有助于开发月壤成熟度光谱解耦算法, 提高月壤成分遥感反演精度. 直接对比月壤风化前后光谱的变化能最真实反映太空风化对光谱的影响, 但无法获取未风化的月壤样品, 利用实验室模拟方法开展研究也存在缺陷. 本文提出了一种简便的方法来研究太空风化对月壤光谱的影响, 并以月海样品为例进行探讨. 利用Hapke模型对月海样品组成矿物光谱按照实测含量进行非线性混合, 并通过对比混合后的光谱与实测的月壤光谱, 研究太空风化过程对月壤光谱的影响. 研究结果表明, 月壤在遭受太空风化后反射率降低, 波长越短降低越显著; 月壤背景吸收斜率增大, 月壤变得更红, 月壤矿物特征吸收峰深度降低, 光谱对比度变弱, 长波吸收峰(2.0μm附近)深度降低程度超过短波吸收峰(1.0μm附近)深度. 未来在利用遥感技术反演月壤元素含量时, 必须考虑这些因素. 相似文献
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提出使用高分辨率的Diviner辐射计红外温度作为月壤热传导的边界输入条件,使得月壤物理温度廓线的模拟更接近月表真实情况. 利用Diviner物理温度廓线模拟的微波亮温与嫦娥二号卫星微波探测仪(CELMS2)的实测亮温匹配,来分析CELMS2数据的有效性和稳定性,为月壤微波特性的反演奠定基础. 以哥白尼坑区域为例,对比分析了Diviner辐射计红外通道温度与CELMS1实测微波亮温的变化趋势. 选择月球虹湾地区内一位置点(45.1°-45.5°N,33.1°-33.5°W),分析了CELMS2在该位置点内5个月球时刻的亮温数据. 通过对实测亮温与模拟亮温在经纬度和太阳高度角的匹配分析得到,在高频微波通道内两者的相关性达到96%以上,表明嫦娥二号微波探测仪亮温数据具有较高的稳定性,可以为月壤特性反演研究提供可靠数据来源. 相似文献
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考虑热物性变化的月壤温度数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探月设备的热分析设计依赖于真实有效的月面热环境信息。借助于ANSYS热分析模块,建立了月壤导热系数随密度和温度变化、热容随温度变化的变热物性月壤温度求解模型,分别计算了月面纬度为26°和赤道地区的月表温度,探讨了赤道地区浅层月壤的温度分布。其中,月表温度计算结果与实测数据良好的一致性表明计算模型和所用计算参数适用可靠;而通过修正月壤导热系数来提高计算结果与实测数据的吻合程度则部分展示了月壤温度计算理论;在探讨赤道地区浅层月壤的温度分布时,文章给出了不同时刻对应的月壤温度剖面和热流剖面,并适度分析了月壤内部热流和导热系数对月壤温度剖面的影响,这些为利用月壤的温度剖面规律进行探月设备的热控设计提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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模拟月壤可行驶性的离散元数值分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
基于模拟月壤扫描电镜显微照片,建立土颗粒的几何模型,提出不规则形状颗粒群系统的生成策略,构建模拟月壤颗粒间接触的简化本构模型,并利用量纲分析法和双轴压缩试验离散元模拟,建立土宏观力学特性与细观模型参数的关系,结合模拟月壤的三轴压缩试验数据确定离散元模型参数.在月球重力环境下,对轮-土交互作用进行离散元模拟,推导土壤推力的细观表达式,定性分析不同滑转率时土颗粒的动态行为,定量分析模拟月壤的可行驶性.研究结果表明,土壤推力随滑转率的提高而增大;当车轮以高滑转率行驶时,土壤推力相对行驶时间存在瞬态和稳态2个阶段,并且瞬态值高于稳态值. 相似文献
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当前中国嫦娥工程“绕、落、回”三期任务已经圆满完成,为保持中国月球探测技术的领先地位,对月壤的力学特性进行研究具有重要意义。月表所处环境高真空、低重力和强辐射等特点使月壤表现出不同于地面砂土的性质,导致这一现象最主要的原因之一是月壤颗粒间的范德华力作用。本文对当前有关范德华力的研究进行总结,分别从分子/原子间的范德华力计算、范德华力的迟滞性、理想条件下宏观物体间的范德华力计算和真实条件下范德华力的计算四个方面对目前已有的研究进行分析,给出当前宏观颗粒间范德华力研究的不足,为今后月壤颗粒间范德华力的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Linfeng He Liang Lang Qingxia Li Wenchao Zheng 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
A hybrid method, combining the radiative transfer theory and the method of moments (MoM), is proposed to study the potential effect of the lunar surface roughness on the microwave brightness temperature. The total upward emission reaching the lunar surface from below media is calculated by the radiative transfer theory, and then the brightness temperature is obtained by weighting the bidirectional transmission coefficients which is computed using the MoM. The method is validated by both flat and rough surface models with analytic solutions. With the hybrid method, brightness temperatures from simulated lunar model are calculated and compared to those from a flat layered model. The comparisons show that the effect of rough surface on brightness temperature cannot be ignored and also depends on many other factors, such as observation angle and polarizations. For vertical polarization, an optimal observation angle may exist to reduce the effect of surface roughness. These results indicate that the knowledge of lunar surface roughness is important in microwave remote sensing to the Moon and may probably provide a guide to lunar projects in future. 相似文献
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Yongchao Zhu Yongchun Zheng Shibo Fang Yongliao Zou Simon Pearson 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(1):750-765
Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (TB) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global TB images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable TB units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the TB heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO2 abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO2 abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance. 相似文献
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Among many scientific objectives of lunar exploration, investigations on lunar soil become more and more attractive to the scientists duo to the existence of abundant 3He and ilmenite in the lunar soil and their possible utilization. Although the soil composition determination on the lunar surface is available by visible light spectrometer, γ/X-ray spectrometer etc, the evaluations on the total reserves of 3He and ilmenite in the lunar deep and on the thickness of the lunar soil are still impossible so far. In this paper, the authors first give a rough analysis of the microwave brightness temperature images of the lunar disc observed using the NRAO 12 Meter Telescope and Siberian Solar Radio Telescope; then introduce our researches on the microwave dielectric properties of lunar soil simulators; finally, discuss some basic relations between the microwave brightness temperature and lunar soil properties. 相似文献
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P. Ajith Kumar Shashi Kumar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Prolonged exposure of the microscopic outer layer of the lunar surface to the space environment leads to the maturation of the surface. Maturation can be quantified and it may be expressed in terms of optical maturity (OMAT). Optical maturity estimations are very much helpful in the identification and mapping of the major minerals present on the lunar regolith. Estimation of the maturation and mineral mapping using remote sensing techniques are achieved, by coupling spectral reflectance of the lunar surface with an optimized origin. The present work estimates the optical maturity and Ferrous oxide content of the Goldschmidt and Schrodinger craters, through the recalibration of the classical method of Lucey et al. (2000a) with an origin of (0.08, 1.18) and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The overall recalibration results assure that the craters are highly matured. 相似文献
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In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), meteorological satellite FY-3 and ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2) are reported. 相似文献
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Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Meng Zhiguo Xu Yi Cai Zhanchuan Chen Shengbo Lian Yi Huang Hang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result. 相似文献
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In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments formeteorological satellite FY-3, ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2), environment small SAR satellite (H J-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), are reported. 相似文献
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Research on the evaluation method of lunar soil disturbance based on the fitting of Gaussian surface
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(6):2679-2690
It is crucial to maintain the layer sequence information on in situ lunar soil during the lunar soil sampling. In this paper, a discrete element model for direct push sampling of the lunar weathering layer is established, and the relationship between the perturbation rate of the lunar soil layer sequence information and the sampling depth is obtained. A quantitative evaluation method of the perturbation rate of the structural information on the lunar soil layer sequence based on the Gaussian curvature is proposed by reconstructing the center-of-mass point cloud model of the marked layer lunar soil particles in MATLAB. The proposed method can accurately describe the perturbation rate of lunar soil layer sequence information and can analyze the degree of lunar soil disturbance according to the displacement of the sampling tube and mechanical parameters in real-time inversion during the sampling process. When the sampling depth is 40 mm, the minimum and maximum perturbation rates of sampling along the penetration direction of the machine are 5.261 % and 27.649 %, respectively. The perturbation rate shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The method proposed in this study could effectively solve the problem that the disturbance of lunar soil bedding information was difficult to evaluate in the sampling process of lunar regolith. 相似文献