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1.
    
Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in global change studies, heat balance and as control for climate change. A comparative study of LST over parts of the Singhbhum Shear Zone in India was undertaken using various emissivity and temperature retrieval algorithms applied on visible and near infrared (VNIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands of high resolution Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery. LST results obtained from satellite data of October 26, 2001 and November 2, 2001 through various algorithms were validated with ground measurements collected during satellite overpass. In addition, LST products of MODIS and ASTER were compared with Landsat-7 ETM+ and ground truth data to explore the possibility of using multi-sensor approach in LST monitoring. An image-based dark object subtraction (DOS3) algorithm, which is yet to be tested for LST retrieval, was applied on VNIR bands to obtain atmospheric corrected surface reflectance images. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was estimated from VNIR reflectance image. Various surface emissivity retrieval algorithms based on NDVI and vegetation proportion were applied to ascertain emissivities of the various land cover categories in the study area in the spectral range of 10.4–12.5 μm. A minimum emissivity value of about 0.95 was observed over the reflective rock body with a maximum of about 0.99 over dense forest. A strong correlation was established between Landsat ETM+ reflectance band 3 and emissivity. Single channel based algorithms were adopted for surface radiance and brightness temperature. Finally, emissivity correction was applied on ‘brightness temperature’ to obtain LST. Estimated LST values obtained from various algorithms were compared with field ground measurements for different land cover categories. LST values obtained after using Valor’s emissivity and single channel equations were best correlated with ground truth temperature. Minimum LST is observed over dense forest as about 26 °C and maximum LST is observed over rock body of about 38 °C. The estimated LST showed that rock bodies, bare soils and built-up areas exhibit higher surface temperatures, while water bodies, agricultural croplands and dense vegetations have lower surface temperatures during the daytime. The accuracy of the estimated LST was within ±2 °C. LST comparison of ASTER and MODIS with Landsat has a maximum difference of 2 °C. Strong correlation was found between LST and spectral radiance of band 6 of Landsat-7 ETM+. Result corroborates the fact that surface temperatures over land use/land cover types are greatly influenced by the amount of vegetation present.  相似文献   

2.
The MICROSCOPE space mission aims to test the Equivalence Principle with an accuracy of 10-1510-15. The drag-free micro-satellite will orbit around the Earth and embark a differential electrostatic accelerometer including two cylindrical test masses submitted to the same gravitational field and made of different materials. The experience consists in testing the equality of the electrostatic acceleration applied to the masses to maintain them relatively motionless. The accuracy of the measurements exploited for the test of the Equivalence Principle is limited by our a priori knowledge of several physical parameters of the instrument. These parameters are partially estimated on-ground, but with an insufficient accuracy, and an in-orbit calibration is therefore required to correct the measurements. The calibration procedures have been defined and their analytical performances have been evaluated. In addition, a simulator software including the dynamics model of the instrument, the satellite drag-free system and the perturbing environment has been developed to numerically validate the analytical results. After an overall presentation of the MICROSCOPE mission, this paper will describe the calibration procedures and focus on the simulator. Such an in-flight calibration is mandatory for similar space missions taking advantage of a drag-free system.  相似文献   

3.
空间TDICCD相机动态信噪比计算方法研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
信噪比是空间光学相机系统的主要设计指标之一,可用于表征相机的辐射性能。文章通过建立遥感卫星轨道模型,分析计算一年中任意时刻用太阳高度角和卫星观测角描述太阳、卫星、地面目标点之间的相对位置关系,并将计算得到的卫星观测角和太阳高度角等参数导入大气传输软件MODTRAN,输出在相机入瞳处的地面目标光谱辐亮度,再根据信噪比的计算方法,最后完成TDICCD相机动态的信噪比计算值。通过该方法,可以计算任一时刻任一观测目标的信噪比,这将有利于判断在某一时刻的能量是否满足观测要求,以随时改变TDICCD的探测器级数,使得成像像质达到最佳。  相似文献   

4.
采用红外传感器观测海面,若观测天顶角较大,则视场中会同时出现海面与天空背景.通过计算传感器每一像素单元接收的辐射强度,可以得到海天背景多谱段光学图像.为了计算假定海况条件下海面随观测方向变化的反射辐射,基于几何光学原理修正了传统海面辐射特性模型.由于路径长度随传感器垂直视场变化,此时大气对辐射传输的影响十分显著.天光及水平路径辐射采用改进的大气辐射传输模型计算.该模型具有更高的光谱分辨率,适用于多谱段成像仿真.基于给出的海面辐射特性模型和大气辐射传输模型,分别仿真了不同时刻不同观测角下可见光、中波红外和长波红外的海天背景辐射图像.仿真结果符合物理原理,与实测图像的对比验证了新模型的可靠性.  相似文献   

5.
A detailed Monte-Carlo code has been developed from basic principles that simulates the responses of high energy photon detectors to incident beams of photons. The detector response matrice (DRM)s are calculated using this code. Deconvolution of an artificially generated spectrum is presented.  相似文献   

6.
星敏感器光谱探测能力用地面模拟测试系统设计   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为实现对星敏感器光谱探测能力的测试和标定, 研制了一套可模拟恒星光谱的地面标定系统, 要求其光谱模拟精度优于10%. 采用光谱分布可控、光强可调的模拟照明系统作为地面标定系统的核心器件来模拟恒星光谱变化, 设计高成像质量准直光学系统使模拟星图成平行光出射, 在光学系统出瞳处产生星图, 完成具有恒星光谱信息的高精度星图模拟. 进而利用Lighttools建立标定系统的光谱仿真模型, 仿真结果表明恒星光谱模拟精度优于10%.  相似文献   

7.
为了研究辐射参与性烟气对红外测温法金属壁面温度测量的影响,首先根据实验中红外探测器测量得到的表面温度分布的特点,建立了一维表面红外测温模型;然后根据红外热成像测温原理及辐射传输理论,利用源项多流法分析模型计算了烟气覆盖表面在不同烟气厚度和不同表面温度下红外探测器获得的温度;最后利用马弗炉模拟不同温度的表面,振动筛模拟不同浓度和厚度的烟气环境,在实验室条件下设计搭建了模拟烟气覆盖表面的红外测温实验系统,实验验证了源项多流法分析模型,实验测量得到的温度与分析模型预测的温度吻合较好,并提出了利用反演方法修正红外测温的设想。  相似文献   

8.
传统的标准太阳电池标定方法分为高空标定与地面标定,地面标定方法已纳入国际标准。地面标定由于操作简便、标定结果较为精准目前被广泛应用。太阳电池标定结果准确与否对航天器电源系统姿态敏感期、地面环境模拟的设计具有重要意义。本文对太阳电池地面标定方法展开研究,根据国家标准中地面标定方法原理研制了便携式、高准确度的地面标定测试设备,包括准直孔、太阳电池托盘、太阳跟踪器等标定装置,使地面标定过程简易化,对航天用太阳电池地面标定有着重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
以激光雷达夜间观测的温度数据的时空范围和时空分辨率作为参考,构造具有已知背景温度(由稳态背景、行星波和潮汐波组成)和重力波频谱分布的合成温度数据,针对合成温度数据,分别采用已有的夜间平均方法和时间滑动平均方法提取重力波.在此基础上,提出了用谐波函数近似表示背景大气变化的谐波拟合方法提取重力波.通过比较提取出的重力波与事先给定的重力波得到谱响应,利用谱响应定量分析各方法能够有效提取重力波的周期范围.研究结果表明:对背景温度成分敏感的夜间平均方法提取的重力波振幅易被严重高估;对半日潮汐比较敏感的时间滑动平均方法通常可以提取周期小于1.15倍窗口宽度的重力波;对背景温度成分不敏感的谐波拟合方法可用来提取周期小于0.4倍夜间时间长度的重力波.将各方法应用于Na激光雷达夜间观测的温度数据,从中提取重力波,结果表明时间滑动平均方法和谐波拟合方法可以得到较好的结果.  相似文献   

10.
双挤压油膜阻尼器的减振机制与效果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
研究了双挤压油膜阻尼器对转子的稳态不平衡振动以及突加不平衡瞬态振动的控制机制与效果,以一个带双挤压油膜阻尼器的单盘柔性转子为模型,用传递系数法进行计算分析,结果表明阻尼器对转子的瞬态和稳态响应的控制机制与效果是不同的.对于稳态振动,每个阻尼器主要控制使其所在支承产生较大变形的临界转速产生的共振;对于瞬态振动,两支承处同时加阻尼器的效果比只在一个支承处加阻尼器的效果好.  相似文献   

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