小突片强化混合结构三维流场数值模拟

采用Roe通量差分分裂格式对带有小突片的轴对称收-扩喷管内外流场进行了数值模拟。小突片形状有三角形和梯形，数目为2个或4个，堵塞比为0.02，0.04和0.06，相对高度为0.08和0.16，安装角分别为120°，135°和150°。计算结果表明在喷管出口安装2个或4个小突片能使得喷管下游内外流掺混时间及掺混距离大为缩短，而对喷管的推力系数影响不大。采用小突片对于降低喷流噪声和抑制尾喷流红外辐射是非常有利的。     

红外抑制器模型出口温度的实验

利用地面模拟试验件实验研究了气流参数对直升机发动机喷管出口温度的影响。实验中主喷管气流温度610℃, 压力为常压, 下洗气流温度为常温, 速度范围为4.4～11 m/s。结果表明, 模型出口排气温度随着主喷管流量增加而线性增加, 引射系数随着下洗气流速度增加而减小, 出口排气温度随下洗气流增加时有一个峰值, 增加下洗气流速度有助于降低外套壁温。实验发现外套出口和混合管之间夹层存在气流倒流现象, 倒流平均速度随着主喷管流量和下洗气流速度增加而增加。      

排气引射系统主喷管选型试验研究

对４种主喷管组成的排气引射系统的引射系数和总压损失、各主喷管出口与混合管进口之间的最佳间距、混合气流在混合管内的静压恢复及混合气流在混合管出口处的总压分布等进行了测量和对比。试验结果对排气引射系统主喷管选型设计有重要的参考价值。     

一种抑制超声速气流红外辐射的新途径

试验测定了波反馈装置对高温超声速射流的激励效果。主喷管喉道直径为３５ ｍ ｍ ,进口总温和总压分别为８００ Ｋ及２７４．４ ｋＰａ。结果表明,影响激励效果的主要几何参数有锥形反射器的扩张角、反射器母线长度和反射器与主喷管的相对位置。当扩张半角为４５°, 母线长度为４０ｍ ｍ 以及锥形反射器起始截面与主喷管出口齐平时, 激励效果最好, 在Ｘ／Ｄ＝ ６～８ 范围内, 激励后的轴心温度可降低约１２０ Ｋ, 并可望使超声速喷气流的红外辐射强度降低约４０％ ～４５％ 。     

矩形主喷管带小突片的排气引射混合系统的试验研究

通过对安装在矩形主喷管出口端的 4组不同面积和顶角的三角形小突片的对比试验, 初步研究了小突片的片数、面积 (或堵塞比)、形状和安装角度等结构参数对排气引射混合系统的气动性能的影响。试验结果表明, 小突片的应用虽然增加系统的压力损失系数, 但它明显地使系统的引射系数增加、混合均匀性改善。      

收扩喷管加小突片对尾喷流红外辐射的影响

针对收扩喷管,在高温(约640℃)、高速(超音速)流动状态下,实验研究了加装小突片后对飞机发动机尾喷流红外辐射的抑制效果,并探讨了小突片堵塞比、小突片后倾角度等因素对红外辐射抑制特性的影响。结果表明,小突片对热射流的红外辐射具有明显的抑制作用,不仅使热射流的核心区长度大为缩短,而且使热射流的总体红外辐射信号大幅度下降(在本文实验范围内,最大可下降约57%)。      

小突片对热射流红外辐射的影响研究

实验研究了收敛喷管在高温（约913K）、高速（超临界）流动状态下，加装小突片后对热排气的红外辐射抑制特性，并探讨了小突片安装片数、后倾角度、堵塞比等因素对红外辐射抑制特性的影响。结果表明，小突片对热排气的红外辐射具有明显的抑制作用，与不装小突片的相比，不仅使热排气的核心区长度大为缩短，而且使热排气的总体红外辐射信号大幅度下降（在实验范围内，最大可下降约73％）。     

进口导流叶片对S弯进气道出口旋流的抑制研究

本文通过在Ｓ弯管道进口段安装水平导流叶片，引主流气流吹除进口分离，有效地 出口旋流和流场压力畸变，使总压恢复提高。其抑制效果与叶片的安装角、安装位置及叶片宽度等参数有关。文中还探讨了安装多块导流叶片时的旋流抑制效果。结果表明安装三块导流叶片片可进一步降低旋汉，减流场压力畸变，并可以彻底消除单涡旋流，且有总压恢复提高。     

波反射激励效应抑制超声速射流红外辐射的试验研究

试验研究了波反射装置对高温超声速射流的激励效果并初步分析了其作用机理。主喷管的喉道直径为35mm,进口总压为27.44kPa,进口总温约800K,相应的喷管出口马赫数为1.33左右。结果表明,影响激励效果的主要参数有锥形反射器的扩张角、反射器母线长度和反射器与主喷管的相对位置,并有一个综合最佳值。在最佳结构参数下,激励后的射流轴心温度降低约120K,有望使超声速射流的红外辐射强度降低约40％～50％,红外隐身效果显著。     

喷管加装小突片强化射流混合的PIV测量

在常温、超声速流动状态下,采用PIV技术定量测量了收敛喷管和收扩喷管加装小突片时射流纵截面的速度场和涡量场,并对其速度场和涡量场进行了比较。结果表明,对于收扩喷管,虽然其速度边界层厚度明显大于收敛喷管,但加装小突片结构也能够明显的强化射流的混合。并且发现,小突片结构不仅能产生流向涡,而且对周向涡有明显的强化作用。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.