自动变速器的故障诊断与保养

自动变速器与机械式变速器相比具有不可比拟的优势,我国现有维修企业在变速器故障诊断和保养中,存在有多种弊端,本文就此问题作了深刻的剖析,提出了自动变速器深化保养的新观点.     

新型汽车电子同步动力换档自动变速器

自动液力变速器虽然实现了动力换档，但由于各档都采用摩擦元件换档，致使结构十分复杂，制造和维修成本很高，传动效率低。自动机械变速器各档都采用同步器换档，结构简单，制造和维修成本低，传动效率高，但为非动力换档。电子同步动力换档自动变速器仅最高档采用摩擦元件换档，其余各档都采用啮合套换档，因此综合了自动液力变速器和自动机械变速器的优点。     

摩托车电子控制动力换档自动变速器

简要介绍了作者发明的摩托车电子控制动力换档自动变速器的结构、原理和特点。该自动变速器由动力换档变速器和电子控制装置组成，其中动力换档变速器与摩托车现有手动换档变速器基本相同。     

汽车液力自动变速器故障模拟系统研制

自动变速器集机、电、液一体,是维修难度最大的汽车部件之一。为了提高专业人员分析诊断自动变速器故障的能力,按照结构化系统开发方法,研制出一种能按需随时产生自动变速器常见的电路、油路、机械故障的模拟系统。     

SA型数字式螺杆式压缩机的维护保养和故障处理

螺杆式压缩机在各行各业中得到广泛曲应用，但如果保养措施不当，会导致设备故障增多，影响压缩机的正常运行，降低使用寿命。途述了压缩机的维护保养，分析了压缩机的故障原因，提出了处理方法．     

齿轮强化技术的动向

高强度齿轮对于现代汽车用小型发动机和变速器来说是必不可少的，本文论述了提高齿轮疲劳强度的发展动向，就渗碳齿轮而论，与常规渗碳相比，强力喷丸强化可获得高的残余压力和高得多的疲劳强度，而对氮化齿轮来说，新的高强度氮化钢的应用增加了氮化后渗层深度，提高了芯部硬度，且使残余压力力增大，其疲劳强度亦可与常规渗碳的相媲美。     

双金属片全自动生产线设计

通过零部件的工艺技术分析整合，引用模块化设计理念，将原多工种、多工序复杂的工艺流程，组合成系统模块，从而使带料传送、触点自动喂料、自动点焊、自动压片、自动老化、自动切断等工序得以实现全自动化生产。重点论述了系统自动化加工的关键技术与设计思路。     

新型动能导弹助推段自动驾驶仪线性反馈的设计

本文描述了一种线性反馈原理应用于自动驾驶仪设计的方法，该自动驾驶仪用于先进动能导弹的助推段这种先进导弹是美国陆军部队正在研制的一种高超音速导弹，在助推段导弹状态的快速变化以及精确制导要求，对自动驾驶仪调计人员提出了挑点。应用线性反馈研究方法，可以圆满地完成自动驾驶仪的设计，而且不需要推导大量的弹体递函数和凝点和稳定图，因此这种方法设计的自动驾驶仪可以方便地予以修正，以便适应导弹设计的变化。     

汽车发动机日常维护和保养中的常见误区分析

发动机是汽车最重要的组成部分,要想使发动机发挥最佳的性能并延长它的使用寿命,必须不断地对其进行正确的日常维护和保养。文章列出了车主在对发动机进行日常维护和保养过程中存在的五个常见误区,并在详细分析的基础上提出了正确的做法。     

自动驾驶仪计算机测试系统

简单介绍了在自动驾驶仪的测试过程中，舵偏角的自动获取，Ｊ车上，下的指令传输，以及计算机测试系统的软，硬件组成。     

Space radiation concerns for manned exploration.

Spaceflight exposes astronaut crews to natural ionizing radiation. To date, exposures in manned spaceflight have been well below the career limits recommended to NASA by the National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). This will not be the case for long-duration exploratory class missions. Additionally. International Space Station (ISS) crews will receive higher doses than earlier flight crews. Uncertainties in our understanding of long-term bioeffects, as well as updated analyses of the Hiroshima. Nagasaki and Chernobyl tumorigenesis data, have prompted the NCRP to recommend further reductions by 30-50% for career dose limit guidelines. Intelligent spacecraft design and material selection can provide a shielding strategy capable of maintaining crew exposures within recommended guidelines. Current studies on newer radioprotectant compounds may find combinations of agents which further diminish the risk of radiation-induced bioeffects to the crew.     

卫星能源约束检查模型改进及仿真

卫星能源约束检查模型对卫星任务规划有重要参考作用,可防止因能源不足而导致卫星故障或任务不能顺利完成。现有的能源约束检查模型存在部分问题:人为设定计算初始值,导致计算不准确;能源约束检查不通过时未给出符合能源约束的任务调整建议,导致任务不能快速调整;未对计算误差进行校正,导致误差积累。对此,提出了一种改进的能源约束检查模型,在原有模型中加入能源数据库对卫星运行的能源数据进行记录,从而准确获取初始值,并在模型中加入任务调整和遥测校正功能。该模型可实现能源约束计算自动管理及任务自动调整功能,缩短任务规划周期,提升紧急任务的执行效率。对改进的模型进行仿真,结果表明:模型预测结果与预期值相符,任务调整和能源校正功能实现良好,能实际应用到运控系统中进行规划任务能源约束检查和能源管理。     

The commercialization of satellite imagery: Implications for cross-border conflict

The proliferation of commercial observation satellites offers opportunities to enhance regional stability as well as destabilizing possibilities for cross-border conflicts in the developing world. It is virtually impossible to anticipate whether observation satellites will be exploited for peaceful or destabilizing purposes, but there are clear benefits in maintaining symmetry in such capabilities. An International Satellite Monitoring Agency could be the best way to promote the positive aspects of satellite technology while minimizing the negative.     

Reforming European space governance

The structures governing European space activity, now some 50 years old, require reform to take better account of the plethora of space uses, the growing involvement in space of the EU and the variable degree of European integration. Adopting a method that involves identifying weaknesses in governance – e.g. lack of a European military space programme; problems in maintaining operational service continuity; opposition to change – the authors argue that only by harmonising its decision making and coherently integrating its public organisations will Europe be able to achieve a space programme commensurate with its technical capabilities and its political dimension.     

Federal tax incentives and financing for the reusable launch vehicle

Financing a very large new space transportation system is a major venture. It requires an initial investment of many billions of dollars and will be expected to perform successfully during its lifetime of at least twenty-five years. In the past, space systems of this magnitude have been funded, owned and operated by the government. Today, as the responsibility for opening and maintaining space systems is expected to shift from government to industry leadership, the reusable launch vehicle (RLV) presents the private sector with the challenge of finding ways of financing and building a system that will prove to be a successful private venture. The government, recognizing that it is a major customer of the RLV and that new technology must be developed for the RLV to work and to adequately reduce the cost of access to space, will fund some Initial technology development as well as provide some incentives for a private operator. This paper shows that using the current tax system's corporate investment benefits, coupled with a favorable debt financing arrangement, a profitable privately owned RLV system Is within the realm of possibility.     

低信噪比大频偏空间光信号的频率捕获研究

卫星相干光通信系统信号解调过程中,卫星相对运动会导致接收的信号光产生GHz量级的多普勒频移,信号光的远距离传输导致光信噪比极低,传统方法无法在低信噪比下补偿大范围多普勒频移,严重影响通信系统的能力。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种两段式频率捕获算法,该算法包含自动扫频和锁频控制两个阶段。自动扫频阶段通过本振光自动频率扫描将频差缩小至100 MHz量级;锁频控制阶段通过高精度的本振光频率控制与FFT变换,在低信噪比下继续缩小频差至MHz量级。仿真验证结果表明：该算法可在2 dB信噪比下补偿大动态范围的10 GHz范围多普勒频差,满足卫星相干光通信解调需求。     

集成控制双绕组高速电磁阀的设计与仿真分析

给直动式电磁阀增加加速启动线圈,辅以集成控制电路,研制出一种具有较高附加值的集成控制双绕组高速电磁阀。试验表明：电磁阀最快开启时间为2．8ms,关闭时间小于2ms,具备明显的响应与结构优势。动态响应仿真分析表明：在加速线圈的作用下,电磁阀启动电流迅速上升至磁场饱和;进入维持打开模式后,磁场仍趋于饱和,维持电流高于释放电流,电磁阀仍有降耗的空间。     

CROCODILE: an automated apparatus for organic crystal growth from solution

CROCODILE (CROissance de Cristaux Organiques par DIffusion Liquide dans l'Espace) is a space instrument dedicated to crystal growth from solution. The selected material N (4 nitrophenyl) (L) prolinol (NPP) is the result of studies on organic crystal in the frame of an extended program initiated by CNES for many years. The apparatus was flown aboard PHOTON, an automatic satellite, in April 1990, for a flight duration of more than 15 days. This paper describes the instrument design, with emphasis on specific and original technology well adapted to crystal growth from solution, and extendable to any space experiment on fluids. Preliminary details of the flight campaign will also be discussed.     

The European space exploration programme: current status of ESA's plans for Moon and Mars exploration

After a large consultation with the scientific and industrial communities in Europe, the Aurora Space Exploration Programme was unanimously approved at the European Space Agency (ESA) Council at ministerial level in Edinburgh in 2001. This marked the start of the programme's preparation phase that was due to finish by the end of 2004. Aurora features technology development robotic and crewed rehearsal missions aimed at preparing a human mission to Mars by 2033. Due to the evolving context, both international and European, ESA has undertaken a review of the goals and approach of its exploration programme. While maintaining the main robotic missions that had been conceived during Aurora, the European Space Exploration Programme that is currently being proposed to the Aurora participating states and other ESA Member States has a reviewed approach and will feature a greater synergy with other ESA programmes. The paper will present the process that led to the revision of ESA's plans in the field of exploration and will give the current status of the programme.     

基于图像识别技术的火箭飞行时序判读

在运载火箭开展射前综合测试时,控制系统在预先指定的飞行时序向末端发送一系列指令,指示末端设备做出相应动作,以达成对应的目标。这些动作主要依赖火工品完成,这些动作变化会体现在火工品等效器指示灯上。当前控制系统无法检测到末端等效器的电流情况变化,因此无法对末端动作进行有效监测,测试缺乏可靠性、准确性与可追溯性的问题亟需改善。通过综合运用人工智能、数字图像处理与计算机视觉技术,经由特征匹配、指示灯定位、指示灯状态建模等步骤,可对末端火工品等效器状态变化实现精准监测,进而实现飞行时序自动判读。与标准判据比对后,本文提出的火箭飞行时序判读系统准确率可达98.89%。