气密载荷下机身球面框的强度分析

采用大型有限元分析软件MSC PATRAN/NASTRAN,对某型飞机前机身球面框进行有限元建模;计算了球面框结构在纯气密载荷工况下的最大应力、应变,并对其放射辐条、球形蒙皮等进行了弯矩校核.分析结果表明球面框的设计满足强度和刚度要求,为结构设计提供了参考依据.     

加强筋对客机复合材料球面框结构屈曲性能影响

本文针对客机复合材料球面框,通过有限元计算,对球面框上的加强筋对结构屈曲性能的影响展开深入研究.球面框球皮采用碳纤维层合板,加强筋为填充PMI泡沫的帽形加强筋.建立有加强筋和无加强筋两种结构方案,并建立有限元模型进行静力和屈曲分析计算.结果表明客机复合材料球面框的加强筋对球面框结构的屈曲性能和稳定性有一定的改善作用,但对球面框结构的静强度改善作用不大,增加加强筋后球面框的应变和位移变化较小.球面框结构设计时出于成本和制造工艺考虑可以不采用加强筋.     

民用飞机后机身与尾段在球面框处对接研究

民用飞机后机身与尾段的对接往往选择球面框(后压力隔框)位置,球面框是机身气密线的末端,该处的对接设计需要从传力、重量、成本、装配、维修、排水等多方面进行考虑,是民用飞机机体结构设计中非常重要的一个环节。针对民用飞机中后机身与尾段的连接特点,从传力等考虑要素入手,介绍了目前国际上典型机型的成熟方案,并进行方案优缺点分析、比较和总结,为我国民用飞机结构设计提供借鉴。     

气密座舱球面框的非线性有限元结构设计

基于三维非线性有限元数值分析,对飞机的重要部件球面框进行结构设计。首先阐述了数值分析的数学模型,并且分析了建立有限元数值分析模型的几个关键问题,最后得出球面框应力和位移数值解,明确了强度、刚度情况。     

复合材料球面框球皮冲击损伤形貌的数值分析

根据民用飞机复合材料球面框球皮的实际结构铺层与材料体系,建试了三维冲击损伤分析模型并采用Hashin失效准则,对球皮层合板进行数值模拟。同时,采用ASTMD7136试验标准进行低速冲击、试验。数据与计算结果吻合较好,表明该模型可用于预测球面框球皮层压板结构在低速冲击下的损伤形貌和尺寸大小     

关于轴承松动故障的分析与排除

在检修某产品的过程中,发现44框轴承球面外环与支臂之间松动,球面之间无摩擦力距(见图1、图2)。原因是,装配时球面间隙以及外环与支臂之间的过盈都太小,同时温度也低,而轴承与支臂的材料不同,热胀系数不一样,当温度升高时,即出现间隙,于是轴承就松动了。这种故障必须排除,否则将导致产品平尾抖动。     

复合材料球面框的全尺寸适航验证试验方法

建立了一套民用飞机复合材料球面框全尺寸级试验的适航验证试验方法。根据国际先进机型的全尺寸适航验证试验方法,结合型号工作中的实践经验和适航规章的具体要求,对符合性验证试验的具体实施流程进行了规划。通过研发试验证实了本文方法的可行性。     

金属机身飞机框间距及截面参数分析

目前,大部分设计参考书目中对于机身隔框间距都是以经验值20 in作为说明,对于框距值的确定原因以及影响因素未作详细的分析。通过以隔框间距参数为设计变量,以机身强度和机身局部稳定性为设计约束,并以机身重量为目标函数对隔框间距值的确定进行研究,给出一种隔框框距值的确定方法,并通过实例计算验证150座级飞机框间距20 in的经验值;同时利用有限元分析(FEA)和试验设计(DOE)方法对飞机普通隔框的截面形式进行结构参数分析,分析隔框各个设计参数对蒙皮应力水平的影响大小,给出150座级飞机隔框截面参数可行域。结果表明:本文分析计算值与一般150座级飞机的隔框间距设计经验值20 in (508 mm)相比,结果吻合很好;采用有限元分析,腹板高度设计为80～95 mm,内缘条宽度和外缘宽度条设计为15 mm;采用DOE分析,隔框外缘条宽度应大于内缘条宽度。     

改型设计中飞机普通框一种设计方法

为了能够合理地降低飞机结构重量系数,针对飞机改进设计,以普通框为研究目标,通过对“敏度阈值”的改进,提出“敏度变阈值”概念,并与“约束补偿”策略结合而形成拓扑优化算法,来用于普通框的轻量化设计。以某一轻型小飞机的后段一普通框为例,拓扑优化结果表明：(1)等材料设计时,刚度提高40％;(2)等刚度设计时,材料用量减少30％。由此可以得出：(1)基于“敏度变阈值”的拓扑优化算法用于飞机普通框改进设计,是可行和有效的;(2)给出了一种具有可操作性的设计方法,用以实现框结构“等刚度”的设计思想;(3)所给出的方法易于飞机结构设计人员接受与掌握,并且方便地用于将来的框结构改进设计之中。     

内球面挤压工艺

民品通轴泵,其滑靴内球面Sφ11.2,表面粗糙度Ra1.25μm;技术条件要求“加工内球面时不允许用磨料”;用球面分组量规检查,“着色接触面积不小于70%”.经分析研究,我们确定用挤压加工的方法来满足“不允许用磨料”的设计要求.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.