基于远场涡流技术的油气集输管道缺陷检测研究

由于石油和天然气在集输过程中含有大量腐蚀成分,会对集输管道造成腐蚀形成穿孔、凹槽等缺陷,为了保证集输管道的安全,需要对腐蚀缺陷进行检测。本文运用远场涡流检测原理,建立了基于集输管道的远场涡流仿真模型,通过管道缺陷对磁感应强度轴向分量幅值和相位的影响进行分析,得出了管道内壁缺陷的深度与对应检测信号的关系,解决了对缺陷深度的定量测量问题。     

基于远场涡流技术的油气集输管道缺陷检测研究

由于石油和天然气在集输过程中含有大量腐蚀成分,会对集输管道造成腐蚀形成穿孔、凹槽等缺陷,为了保证集输管道的安全,需要对腐蚀缺陷进行检测。本文运用远场涡流检测原理,建立了基于集输管道的远场涡流仿真模型,通过管道缺陷对磁感应强度轴向分量幅值和相位的影响进行分析,得出了管道内壁缺陷的深度与对应检测信号的关系,解决了对缺陷深度的定量测量问题。     

管道喷涂机器人:结构与位姿调整

针对工业上大型管道内壁喷涂的需求,设计了用于喷涂管道的机器人,该机器人采用串并联结构形式,由支撑平台和串联机械手组成.支撑平台采用几何的方法建立数学模型,串联机械手采用D-H参数法建模;并在数学模型基础上给出了逆解方程.位姿调整时,对机器人进行初定位,利用激光跟踪仪测量出管道和机器人的位姿,求解出调整量,对机器人进行位姿调整,使喷枪旋转轴和管道轴线重合.管道喷涂机器人在工厂进行试验测试,测试结果表明该装备可以很好地实现管道的喷涂,提高喷涂质量和效率.      

空化对流体管路瞬态特性影响分析

空化（或称气穴）是流体系统中常见的现象,它显著地影响着流体管路的瞬态特性。考虑气体在液体工作介质中溶解和析出以及液体介质自身气化,建立相应的流体属性模型,计算不同压力下流体的等效密度及体积模量;同时以一维管道瞬变流理论为基础,考虑流体系统中的空化及气泡溃灭,采用有限差分法计算流体管路锤击过程中的压力脉动。求得的结果与真实物理现象较为接近,能够为流体系统的设计提供依据和参考。     

改进小波阈值去噪法在管道泄漏检测中的应用

基于负压波式的管道泄漏检测方法中,需要解决的核心问题之一是对负压波信号的去噪。在分析了利用小波变换理论与小波阈值去噪的基础上,对传统的硬阈值和软阈值函数、双曲型和指数型函数与改进的阈值函数算法进行了对比。实验表明,改进算法在处理管道泄漏检测中,对检测的负压波信号能够获得较大的信噪比,具有较好的去噪能力,能有效提高泄漏检测精度。     

宽带双极化天线测量探头的设计与仿真

天线测量探头的性能对提升天线平面近场测量效率、最终测量结果的精度具有重要意义。针对平面近场测量的需要,应用反向四脊和差分馈电技术,设计了宽带双极化天线测量探头。对测量探头模型进行仿真,分析了带宽、方向图、隔离度和交叉极化辨识度等探头性能,确定了高隔离度、高极化纯度的宽带双极化天线测量探头的最优设计,获得了更高精度和效率的天线测量。     

液压能源管路系统振动主动控制的理论研究

对飞机液压能源管路系统的振动问题进行了探讨.提出一种基于振动主动控制(VAC)技术对飞机液压能源管路系统进行消振的方法,在手段上采用压电/压电致伸技术,以压电陶瓷(PZT)作为作动器,具有驱动力大、响应频率高和体积小等优点;控制方法上采用参数寻优的控制策略,它能始终能根据外界干扰因素的变化来调整控制参数.经过理论分析和仿真验证,证明其具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,在变转速和变负载情况下始终能保持最佳的消振效果.     

基于电容传感器管道焊缝位置检测方法的研究

涂敷加工工艺作为管道防腐技术的重要环节是不容忽视的。要得到性能最优的防腐隔离保护层,管道焊缝处的涂敷加工工艺至关重要。因此,需要对管道焊缝位置区域进行有效的侦测。本文结合管道涂敷工艺的特点,通过对几种常用的侦测方案的优缺点进行比较,论证了基于非接触测量电容法侦测技术的可行性,同时对管道焊缝位置侦测结果进行数据分析处理,并快速发讯至喷涂装置控制主机,有效地调控焊缝处涂层厚度,从而达到提高涂敷品质的目的。     

推进剂管路接头内腔残液在轨吹除过程研究

为研究推进剂在轨加注后残留在管路接头内腔的情况,使用气液两相非稳态模型计算了吹除过程中管路接头内腔气液两相流场变化情况.吹除初始时刻直管路内流场压力出现小幅震荡,管路接头内腔中存在漩涡状流场将残液卷吸入直管路中,是残液得以吹出的主要机理.结果表明管路接头内腔中的绝大部分液体可以被吹除出去,残液吹除效果良好.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。