基于自适应网格加密的超声速可燃气热射流起爆详细反应数值模拟

采用块结构自适应网格加密开源程序AMROC,在高性能计算集群中,进行氢气、氧气、氮气详细反应机理的二维超声速热射流爆震起爆自适应网格精细数值模拟,研究在热射流的持续喷射作用下超声速可燃气热射流爆震起爆,以及形成的精细的爆震胞格结构.结果表明:超声速可燃气流中热射流类似气动斜劈,形成局部激波诱导燃烧.超声速可燃气中持续的热射流喷射会形成过驱爆震,并导致不规则爆震胞格的生成.热射流的扰动压缩作用对过驱爆震的形成以及不规则爆震胞格的产起着关键的作用.热射流的扰动压缩波以当地声速通过爆震波后的亚声速区域作用于爆震波,使爆震波处于持续过驱状态,并形成不规则的爆震胞格结构.     

超声速逆向喷流的减阻与降热

利用流动控制技术改变流场结构的方法,对逆向冷喷流将激波推离物体表面以达到减阻减热的效果,进行了数值模拟计算。通过计算给出了钝头体在超声速流场中有无逆向喷流的压力场和温度场的比较,结果表明,逆向喷流对钝头体表面的减阻和减热起到了明显的作用。     

超声速预混气的热射流起爆过程数值模拟

采用带有化学反应的Euler方程,对超声速预混气的热射流起爆过程进行了研究。在来流速度大于CJ(Chapman-Jouguet)爆震速度的情况下,射流所导致的弓形激波在爆震波起爆过程中起到了重要作用,而爆震波不稳定性导致横波的产生是决定能否完全起爆的关键因素。射流角度的改变能够影响到起爆的过程与驻定性质。随着射流角度的逐渐减小,会出现起爆后驻定、起爆后不能驻定以及起爆失败三种结果。     

煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射的实验观察

本文目的是研究煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射问题,并与静止和亚声速气流中的结果进行对比。改造普通油嘴并采用单次高压燃油喷射系统,得到不同延时的流场阴影照片。结果表明：在超声速气流中,射流柱破碎是由迎风面的表面波引起的,破碎点位于表面波的波谷。雾化过程过分四个区域。射流激波由近射流柱的迎风面,并在人壁反射,非定常喷射的波系演化复杂。煤油在亚声速气流中喷射,不存在射流激波,破碎点沿射流柱上移,穿透深     

马赫数1.95超声速欠膨胀喷流声辐射数值分析

针对马赫数为1.95的欠膨胀超声速喷流声辐射特性,采用高精度计算格式的大涡模拟（LES）方法进行数值研究。通过对喷流平均流及湍流脉动统计结果的对比,确定数值方法的精确性。细致分析了超声速喷流流动特征,特别关注了其中激波胞格和湍流相互作用现象。基于流动与声场辐射间的关联性,分析了超声速喷流马赫波、宽频激波噪声辐射特性及形成机理。数值结果表明超声速喷流的剪切层演化及激波胞格与湍流间的相互作用构成欠膨胀超声速喷流的主要噪声源。     

底排装置空腔干扰下的火箭燃气流场数值模拟

从二维轴对称Euler方程出发,应用隐式有限体积TVD格式和分区技术数值模拟来流马赫数Ma=2 0,攻角α=0°时超声速绕流与底排装置空腔内的火箭燃气流相互干扰的复杂流场,计算得到了清晰的流场波系结构,包括底排装置空腔中的激波,火箭燃气流在底排装置空腔外底部与外来绕流作用后形成的相交激波、反射激波等,其结果可为底排火箭复合增程弹丸的结构设计和气动特性研究提供理论依据。     

钝头双锥喷流致冷流场结构及密度脉动特性

采用大涡模拟方法对钝头双锥喷流致冷流场开展了数值模拟,研究了超声速喷流混合流场结构特征及密度脉动特性。大涡模拟方法基于隐式亚格子模型,空间离散采用高精度通量限制型紧致格式,时间推进采用显式Runger-Kutta方法。数值模拟清晰地捕捉到了流场波系结构,精细地预测了流动发生失稳、转捩以及发展为充分发展湍流的物理过程,直接获得了流场密度脉动特性。通过有、无喷流状态对称面流场的对比,发现超声速喷流能够有效冷却光学窗口;喷流与主流形成的混合层不稳定,很快发生失稳和转捩,形成大尺度湍流结构,进而引起强烈的密度脉动。此外,获得了钝头双锥整体模型喷流致冷流场的空间发展形态特征。      

Grid-Adaptive Computations of Magnetized Jets

We present grid-adaptive numerical simulations of magnetized plasma jets, modeled by means of the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations. The Adaptive Mesh Refinement strategy makes it possible to investigate long-term jet dynamics where both large-scale and small-scale effects are at play. We extend recent findings for uniformly magnetized, periodic shear layers to planar and fully 3D extended jet segments. The jet lengths cover multiple, typically 10, axial wavelengths of the fastest growing Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) like modes. The dominant linear MHD instabilities of the jet flows are quantified by means of MHD spectroscopic analysis. In cases characterized by sonic Mach numbers about unity and large plasma beta values, both single and double shear layers (planar jets) manifest self-organizing trends to large scales, e.g. by continuous pairing/merging between co-rotating vortices, simultaneously with the introduction of small-scale features by magnetic reconnection events. The vortices form as a result of KH unstable shear-flow layers, and their coalescence arises from the growth of subharmonic modes at multiple wavelengths of the fastest growing KH instability. In extended two-dimensional jet segments, we investigate how varying jet width alters this coalescence process occurring at both edges, e.g. by introducing Batchelor-like coupling between counter-rotating vortices formed at opposing weakly magnetized, close shear layers. Finally, periodic segments of supersonic magnetized jets are simulated in two- and three-dimensional cases, which are characterized by violent shock-dominated transients.     

超声速流中圆锥头部钝度对边界层稳定性的影响

通过直接数值模拟,计算得到超声速流中各种钝度圆锥周围的流场情况.结果表明圆锥头部钝度增加,使边界层增厚,边界层向自由流的过渡变得更平缓.这种变化进而使流场稳定性发生改变,通过对流场进行线性稳定性分析发现,随着圆锥钝度增加,边界层中最先出现不稳定波的位置向后移动,临界雷诺数增加;流场中存在不稳定波的频带变窄,同时整体向低频方向移动;T-S波的不稳定频段向低频移动时,其增长率减小,不稳定特性减弱.     

Simulation of underexpanded supersonic jet flows with chemical reactions

To achieve a detailed understanding of underexpanded supersonic jet structures influenced by afterburning and other flow conditions, the underexpanded turbulent supersonic jet with and without combustions are investigated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method.A program based on a total variation diminishing(TVD) methodology capable of predicting complex shocks is created to solve the axisymmetric expanded Navier–Stokes equations containing transport equations of species. The finite-rate ratio model is employed to handle species sources in chemical reactions. CFD solutions indicate that the structure of underexpanded jet is typically influenced by the pressure ratio and afterburning. The shock reflection distance and maximum value of Mach number in the first shock cell increase with pressure ratio. Chemical reactions for the rocket exhaust mostly exist in the mixing layer of supersonic jet flows. This tends to reduce the intensity of shocks existing in the jet, responding to the variation of thermal parameters.     

Numerical investigation on flow mechanism in a supersonic fluidic oscillator

A type of supersonic fluidic oscillator is proposed and its ability to generate pulsating supersonic jet is proved in this paper. Unsteady two-dimensional numerical simulations reveal that the fluid transforms from subsonic to supersonic condition in the mixing chamber of oscillator after the supplied flow pressure increases from 1.1 × 10⁵ Pa to 5.0 × 10⁵ Pa. When the supersonic flow is formed inside the oscillator, the wall-attached flow represents expansion wave and compression wave alternately. The oscillating frequency will saturate to a certain value with the increase of supplied pressure. Examination of the internal fluid dynamics indicates that the flow direction inside the FeedBack Channel (FBC) is related to the change of the local pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the feedback channel. The vortices produced in the mixing chamber present different distribution characteristics with the change of the fluid’s direction in the FBC. The sweeping jet is divided into two jets with varying flow rate over time by the splitter. In the end of two channels, two jets are accelerated above sound speed by convergent-divergent nozzle. Therefore, pulsating supersonic jets are produced at two outlets for this type of fluidic oscillator.     

等离子体合成射流对钝头激波的控制与减阻

为了验证等离子体合成射流对超声速流动的流动控制和减阻效果,在考虑热完全气体效应的情况下,工程拟合等离子体热力学属性和输运系数,利用能量源项模型对超声速平板和球头等典型流场结构进行了数值模拟,并取得了与实验较为一致的结果。研究结果表明：对于马赫数为2的超声速平板流动,等离子体合成射流能有效干扰边界层的发展,并诱导产生一系列大尺度结构;对于马赫数为3的球头流场,等离子体合成射流能显著改变激波脱体距离与球头的阻力特性;在放电后第1个周期内,合成射流能使球头平均阻力降低6.3%,而在射流峰值情况下使阻力降低32.0%,激波脱体距离增加2倍,实现了激波控制和流动减阻的预期效果。     

准二维水下超声速垂直过膨胀射流研究

阐述了水下超声速气体垂直过膨胀射流的准二维实验研究和射流的数值计算结果。利用高速摄影仪在1000帧/s的拍摄速度下实时记录了过膨胀工况下水下垂直射流的喷射状态,清晰显示了水下气体垂直射流的演化过程;并利用专业软件FLUENT,对实验Laval喷嘴内外纯气相流场进行了数值计算,发现喷口附近存在复杂激波区,辅助分析了水下高速气体垂直射流的动态不稳定性形貌。实验与计算表明：在保持较小射流流量和保障较大马赫数的条件下,水下超声速垂直射流在水环境中引发的回击频率会得到减弱;准回击现象的发现证实了这一结论。这对于工程应用中的风口材料的＂空蚀效应＂的减弱提供了理论依据。     

Numerical investigation of the shock interaction effect on the lateral jet controlled missile

A computational study on the supersonic flow around the lateral jet controlled missile has been performed. A three-dimensional Navier–Stokes computer code (AADL 3D) has been developed and case studies have been performed by comparing the normal force coefficient and the moment coefficient of a missile body. Different jet flow conditions including jet pressures and jet Mach numbers, and the circumferential jet positions have been incorporated into the case studies. The missile surface is divided into four regions with respect to the center of gravity, and the normal force and moment distribution at each region are compared. The results show conspicuously different normal force and moment variations according to each parameter variation. From the detailed flow field analyses, it has been verified that most of the normal force loss and the pitching moment generation are taking place at the low-pressure region behind the jet nozzle. Furthermore, it is shown that the pitching moment can be efficiently reduced by the lateral thrust obtained through higher jet Mach number rather than high jet pressure. Thus, an angle of yaw is more effective for missile control by side jet than an angle of attack.     

Sensitivity analysis of flowfield modeling parameters upon the flow structure and aerodynamics of an opposing jet over a hypersonic blunt body

Implementation of an opposing jet in design of a hypersonic blunt body significantly modifies the external flowfield and yields a considerable reduction in the aerodynamic drag. This study aims to investigate the effects of flowfield modeling parameters of injection and freestream on the flow structure and aerodynamics of a blunt body with an opposing jet in hypersonic flow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model are employed to simulate the intricate jet flow interaction. Through utilizing a Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method to construct surrogates, a functional relation is established between input modeling parameters and output flowfield and aerodynamic quantities in concern. Sobol indices in sensitivity analysis are introduced to represent the relative contribution of each parameter. It is found that variations in modeling parameters produce large variations in the flow structure and aerodynamics. The jet-to-freestream total-pressure ratio, jet Mach number, and freestream Mach number are the major contributors to variation in surface pressure, demonstrating an evident location-dependent behavior. The penetration length of injection, reattachment angle of the shear layer, and aerodynamic drag are also most sensitive to the three crucial parameters above. In comparison, the contributions of freestream temperature, freestream density, and jet total temperature are nearly negligible.     

侧喷流对导弹尾流场影响的数值研究

基于PISO算法,通过求解三维N-S方程,对导弹飞行过程中超声速自由来流、侧喷流及主发动机尾流进行了一体化仿真研究.得出了清晰的流场分布图,分析了侧喷流对外流场及尾流场的影响,比较了飞行速度与侧喷口位置对侧喷流作用效果的影响.结果显示:侧喷口的分布位置是决定侧喷流对尾流场影响大小的主导因素;侧喷流对尾流场的影响,随导弹...     

横向喷流与超音速主流干扰流场的数值研究

 采用欧拉方程与可压缩涡对模型相结合的数值方法,研究了超音速主流与横向喷流干扰流场的气动特性。喷流横截面用一对反向旋转的可压缩涡来模拟。采用有限元Osher格式及非结构网格数值求解二维欧拉方程以得到非等熵外流场的气动特性及弓波位置。将欧拉方程数值解结果与可压缩涡对流场解结果相结合以研究喷流的轨迹及喷流横截面的变化。最后给出了数值模拟结果并与工程估算结果进行了比较,表明本文所述方法是可行的。     

超声速气流中横向射流雾化实验和数值模拟

为了对超声速气流中的横向射流雾化过程进行研究,在直连式实验台上进行了超声速气流中的横向射流雾化实验,并对实验工况进行了数值模拟.超声速来流的马赫数为2,实验喷雾的动压比范围为1.～11.7,实验工质为水.采用纹影法对射流雾化过程进行了拍摄,得到了有雾化的超声速流场结构和穿透深度拟合公式.同时采用欧拉-拉格朗日两相流计算方法对实验工况进行了数值模拟,雾化模型采用了一种新型K-H(Kelvin-Helmholtz)和R-T(Rayleigh-Taylor)混合模型,数值模拟与实验结果符合较好.      

超声速底部喷流干扰流场数值模拟

数值模拟了不同马赫数,不同喷流压比下的轴对称超声速底部喷流干扰流场,采用LU隐式算法进行数值求解并引入了Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型.采用分区网格将弹身与底部区域合为一个整体进行计算,得到了清晰的流场结构和弹体表面及底部的压力分布,并与试验结果进行了比较.数值模拟结果表明超声速底部喷流干扰流场结构复杂,有、无喷流时底部流场有很大不同, 喷流对底压分布有明显影响,进而对轴向力系数影响显著.     

基于自适应网格的超声速液体射流破碎过程研究

为研究超声速气流中液体横向射流的破碎过程,采用脉冲背景光方法和VOF方法开展了实验和数值研究。为提高液体横向射流中气液界面和气流场特征捕捉的精确性,采用自适应网格技术对于气液界面、激波出现位置进行网格细化,计算得到了较为精细的气液界面、激波特征及涡系结构。研究结果表明:在低成本仿真模拟条件下,利用自适应网格计算得到的射流轨迹和轮廓与实验吻合较好,射流轨迹的最大误差为10%;射流初始段在超声速气流条件下,仍然存在一段高度约为1.9倍喷孔直径且圆柱形态保持较好的连续光滑液柱。随着喷注压降的升高,液柱的长度逐渐增大;主流气体流经液柱发生三维绕流,在射流附近和近壁面区域形成不断演化的反转涡对,反转涡对的形成加速了液体射流一次破碎过程。