Matched-Filter Response to a Linear FM Signal Transmitted Through a Phased Array

The response of a linear phased array with a matched filter connected at its output is investigated when a linear FM signal is incident on the array at an arbitrary angle. The filter is assumed to be matched to the linear FM signal. The dispersion produced by the array results in a mismatch at the receiver which depends on the scan angle and on the type of feed system used with the array. The distortion of the compressed pulse is studied for the series end-fed arrays, the series     

Transmission Characteristics of an FM Signal Through a Hard Limiting Repeater

The response of an FM detector to an FM signal which is passed through a hard limiting repeater together with additive Gaussian noise is described. A general expression of the output SNR is derived that enables the determination of the threshold behavior. To clarify the feature of a transmission characteristic, a comparison with a linear repeater is also made. The output SNR is found to be larger than that of the linear system for all practical values of input CNR's.     

Distortion Generated in Angle-Modulation Systems by Phased Arrays

The case of linear, uniformly weighted phased arrays is examined via time and frequency domain analyses. Bounds that must be placed on array length, modulation frequency, modulation index ?, and scan angle relationships if excessive distortion is to be avoided in wideband angle-modulated communication systems are established. Distortion is shown to consist of odd harmonic terms. It is also shown that, for one class of equivalent RF signals, phased arrays produce approximately three times as much distortion in frequency-modulation (FM) systems as in phase-modulation (PM) systems. Graphs of distortion plotted as functions of signal and array parameters show that, for practical array sizes, distortion is a monotonically increasing function of the product of L and sin ? where L is the length of the array expressed in modulation wavelengths ?m and ? is the scan angle. In PM systems, distortion also increases monotonically with the modulation index ?. Plots of distortion versus L sin ? show that even relatively small arrays can produce intolerable distortion levels in wideband systems; e.g., an FM system having ? = 3,L = 0.35?m, and ? = 60 degrees exhibits approximately 20 percent distortion.     

Matched-Filter Responses of the Linear FM Waveform

Although the properties of the linear FM signal have been studied previously in considerable detail, such studies have involved rather narrow aspects of the theory. This paper extends the work in several respects. By presenting three-dimensional projections of the conventional ambiguity function of the linear FM signal in more detail than was available before, we can study the sidelobe behavior off as well as on the axes, without weighting, with unilateral weighting in the receiver, and with bilateral weighting. These plots reveal interesting properties related to the signal symmetry in time and frequency. The matched-filter response is then extended to include Doppler distortions of the modulation function. The results show that Woodward's ambiguity function is valid only for signals with relatively modest sophistication, even though in most practical situations one is interested only in those undistorted parts of the matched-filter response in the vicinity of the delay axis. Plots of the response are presented for various degrees of distortion, for signals with and without weighting. Lastly, we consider the effects of a mismatch in range acceleration, again for the various cases of interest. The results convey a thorough insight into the properties of chirp radar under a broad range of operational conditions.     

An Experimental Determination of Distortion and Delay in the FM-FM Telemetry System of the Saturn Space Vehicle

The distortion of the FM-FM Saturn telemetry system for dc input (static error) has been the subject of many studies. The purpose of this correspondence is to measure the additional distortion (dynamic error) that results when the input signal is time-varying. A digital method is developed for measuring both the system delay and the system mean square error for various input signals.     

Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

The mitigation of FM interference in GPS receivers is considered. In difference to commonly assumed wideband and narrowband interferers, the FM interferers are wideband, but instantaneously narrowband, and as such, have clear time-frequency (TF) signatures that are distinct from the GPS coarse acquisition (C/A) spread spectrum code. In the proposed technique, the estimate of the FM interference instantaneous frequency (IF) and the interference spatial signature are used to construct the spatiotemporal interference subspace. The IF estimates can be provided using existing effective linear or bilinear TF methods. The undesired signal arrival is suppressed by projecting the input data on the interference orthogonal subspace. With a multisensor receiver, the distinctions in both the spatial and TF signatures of signal arrivals allow effective interference suppressions. The deterministic nature of the signal model is considered and the known underlying structure of the GPS C/A code is utilized. We derive the receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under exact and perturbed IF values. The effect of IF estimation errors on both pseudorange measurements and navigation data recovery is analyzed. Simulation results comparing the receiver performances under IF errors in single and multiantenna GPS receivers are provided.     

Linear FM Signal Formats for Beacon and Communication Systems

This paper examines the capabilities of the class of linear FM spread-spectrum signals within the context of potential communications systems usage in order to establish some performance criteria and bounds that permit comparison with other spread-spectrum formats. A systematic basis is provided for parameter selection for this class of signals by examining the interaction a mong the frequency-modulation indices, time-bandwidth product, and cross-talk criteria that determine the number of effective linear FM signals (or channels) that can be used within the constraints of a bounded time-frequency region. A general expression is derived relating N, the number of useful signals, R2, a cross-talk parameter, ToWo, the mean time-bandwidth product, and ?max and ?min, the maximum and minimum FM rates of the signal set. Canonic signal processor structures are described for ensembles of linear FM signals that have either constant duration or constant bandwidth. It is then shown that the signal modulation format can be modified in accordance with classical paired-echo theory to expand the utility of this class of signals in both synchronous and nonsynchronous operations to yield the equivalent of time-division and code multiplexing. Possible applications for this signal format are discussed.     

A 20 kHz hybrid resonant power source for the space station

A hybrid resonant inverter system is presented that satisfies the steady-state operating requirements of a power source for the proposed International Space Station mobile servicing system. The steady-state behavior of the inverter was analyzed and a method is described for optimizing the design of the resonant network. The performance characteristics such as the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage, RMS output voltage, and the inverter efficiency are presented. The hybrid resonant inverter system maintains an excellent efficiency over varying output-load demand     

Three-phase rectifiers that apply optimal current injection

A class of current injection based three-phase high power factor rectifiers is proposed. Low distortion of the input currents and high power factor are obtained applying near optimal current injection. The optimal current injection is discussed, and requirements it imposes to the current injection network are derived. A class of simple current injection networks that provide near optimal current injection, consisting of a transformer, two capacitors, and a number of resistors or resistance emulators is proposed. The power processed by the resistors or resistance emulators is shown to be 8.81% of the input power. Design of the current injection network is discussed, and dependence of the input current distortion on capacitance of the applied capacitors is analyzed. Volt-ampere rating of the transformer is shown to be only 0.16% of the input power. Effects caused by the output current ripple are studied, and a method for their compensation is proposed. Analytical results are experimentally verified. Switching resistance emulation is discussed and its feasibility is experimentally demonstrated     

改进的综合CFD与畸变合成法预测动态畸变(英文)

对综合CFD与畸变合成方法进行了改进。通过CFD求解,获得AIP上各稳态气动参数。采用BP人工神经网络直接求解高度非线性的湍流相关方程,该方程将CFD求解的稳态气动参数与试验测得湍流度进行关联。经过训练的网络可根据稳态CFD结果预测湍流度。之后根据CFD计算的稳态总压和神经网络预测的湍流度合成动态压力。最后根据合成的动态压力寻找最大瞬时畸变。文中使用了六个工况的飞行数据验证该方法的准确度并且与原方法的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明该方法预测的畸变值与试验畸变值吻合较好,且预测结果较原方法与试验值更接近,该方法能够在试验前用来预测动态畸变,具有很强的工程价值。     

Power factor correction circuits with robust current control technique

A dynamically robust current control method to synthesize a sinusoidal input current for AC-to-DC converters with boost type topology is presented. Under this control strategy, the inductor current and the diode current of the boost converter are fed back and combined in a special way which makes the input current of the AC-to-DC converter stable and robust. The input current is solely determined by the reference current. When the reference current signal is derived from the sinusoidal input voltage, the input current is sinusoidal and in phase with the input voltage. Theoretical analysis is first provided. Small signal analysis shows that the current loop is inherently stable and has a fast dynamic response. Large signal analysis reveals that the control system is not affected by large disturbances in supply voltage or output load. Computer simulations have been carried out and experimental prototype models have been built to verify the analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy. A power factor of 0.998 and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 3.18% are measured.     

Limitations of Series-Fed Arrays in Broadband Communications

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the signal distortion which results when long, series-fed arrays are used for communication. It is shown that under certain conditions the antenna array can be considered a linear filter, the response of which is a function of frequency as well as spatial coordinates. The distortion accompanying the transmission as measured by the least mean-square difference between the transmitted and the received signals is derived. This expression is evaluated for the case of a uniformly excited array and a rectangular band-pass signal spectrum. In the absence of noise the transmitted signal can be completely recovered in the receiver by employing the proper linear filter. In the presence of noise the signal cannot, of course, be completely recovered. However, a technique for minimizing the distortion, in this case using a pre-filter and a post-filter, is investigated.     

Dispersion Effects in a Circular Phased Array

The dispersion effects that are produced when wideband linear frequency modulation (FM) signals are transmitted through a circular phased array are considered for both one-way and two-way transmissions through the array. The distortions resulting at the output of a matched fi'lter which is matched to the undistorted linear FM signal are studied. These distortions are 1) loss in peak pulse amplitude, 2) widening of the pulse, and 3) reduction in sidelobe level.     

调频调相应答机距离零值测量新方法

叙述了分频调制度变换器的工作原理和时延测量。提出了根据测量FM信号源大频偏调制与小频偏调制的时延差来挑选出恒时延FM信号源,采用恒时延FM调制器构成FM—PM应答机（或FM—PM测距地面站）距离零值测量方法和设备,这是FM—PM体制侧音测距系统的一种距离零值测量新方法;提出了采用分频调制度变换器和非恒时延FM信号源构成FM—PM应答机（或FM-PM测距地面站）距离零值测量方法及设备。     

Design of Zigzag FM Signals

Since no practical method is available for synthesizing radar waveforms, a sizable effort has been directed into studies of the matched-filter response, or ambiguity function, of many waveforms. In this paper, we investigate the class of FM signals whose instantaneous frequency varies in a zigzag pattern. The waveforms thus consist of linear FM segments and are relatively easy to generate and process. The paper discusses the relation between the characteristics of the waveform and the features of the associated ambiguity function. The effects studied include those of signal repetition, changes in the FM slope, phase-shift and frequency-shift coding, and staggering of frequency step and segment duration. Ambiguity functions of interesting waveforms illustrate the general results. These ambiguity functions are computer-plotted projections of the three-dimensional surface above the delay-Doppler plane.     

脉动压力为正态分布时瞬时畸变的随机统计特性及其最大值的预估

 <正> 通常认为,由脉动压力引起的瞬时畸变服从一定的随机分布规律。但至今,在国内外尚未见到有关瞬时畸变的幅值概率密度分布规律的确切描述的文献,即使在脉动压力为正态分布时也是如此。每当要利用瞬时畸变的概率分布规律时,人们总是假定它为正态分布。很显然,这样做有一定的近似性,如在最大瞬时畸变值的预估中,这种近似将会影响最大值的预估精度。     

Quasi-Impulse Generator for Chirp Radar

A technique for generation of a large spectral bandwidth wave form is described which, when utilized as a dispersive delay line excitation signal, provides an efficient means for generation of large-percentage-bandwidth linear FM radar transmit pulses.     

Compensators for Bandpass Nonlinearities in Satellite Communications

The characteristics of optimum compensators for bandpass non-linearities are described. A predistortion compensator to reduce the nonlinear phase and envelope distortion at the output of a traveling-wave tube (TWT) is developed, and a possible implementation as a simple network of power law devices in cascade with the input to the TWT is given. The overall compensated characteristic of the TWT approximates that of a piecewise linear limiter with a small phase shift. A computer simulation shows that the compensated system yields 0.3 to 0.5-dB improvement in performance of a 2-phase coherent phase shift keying (CPSK) system over the uncompensated system.     

发动机喘振-爆燃故障的信号分析

本文着重介绍某双轴发动机喘振—爆燃故障用 FFT信号处理机进行诊断和信号分析的方法。文章结合发动机在湍流动态畸变流场下的喘振—爆燃试验研究,介绍了试验设备、测量系统和对发动机“故障”信号分析的结论。湍流型动态畸变流场下的压气机喘振多为“漂移型”喘振,表现有随机性。发动机对动态畸变流场的敏感度远高于稳态畸变。利用 FFT信号分析技术进行故障诊断,有广泛应用价值。它较其它方法精确、迅速、简便。