面向空间导航系统设计的GPS量测仿真增强研究(英文)

在星载导航系统的初步方案规划和算法设计阶段,出于对潜在的折中考虑,高保真的GPS软件仿真器是一种必要且可行的实验室测试手段。本文研究开发了面向空间导航系统设计的GPS量测软件仿真器,它主要针对L1C/A码和载波信号,也就是说该仿真器使用MATLAB编程语言产生C/A码伪距量测和载波量测。论文推导了基于地心惯性坐标系(ECI)的数学模型,用来仿真GPS星座并产生GPS量测数据;在星历数据选择、空间电离层模型和伪距率计算等方面,深入研究并应用一系列增效措施以合理化实现该仿真器。建立的增强型GPS量测仿真器推进了我们现有的星载GPS/INS组合导航系统设计工作,将进一步提升在星载导航系统设计领域的研究。     

Performance analysis of GPS carrier phase observable

The accuracy analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase observable measured by a digital GPS receiver is presented. A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is modeled to extract the carrier phase of the received signal after a pseudorandom noise (PRN) code synchronization system despreads the received PRN coded signal. Based on phase noise characteristics of the input signal, the following performance of the first, second, and third-order DPLLs is analyzed mathematically: (1) loop stability and transient process; (2) steady-state probability density function (pdf), mean and variance of phase tracking error; (3) carrier phase acquisition performance; and (4) mean time to the first cycle-slipping. The theoretical analysis is verified by Monte Carlo computer simulations. The analysis of the dependency of the phase input noise and receiver design parameters provides with an important reference in designing the carrier phase synchronization system for high accuracy GPS positioning     

TCM的全并行维特比译码器的设计及实现

网格编码调制(TCM)是一种将编码和调制相结合,利用信号集的冗余度来获取纠错能力的技术。而用于卷积码的维特比译码器同样可以用作基于卷积码和PSK的TCM的译码。本文提出了一种适用于TCM的全并行的维特比译码的设计方案,并在Xilinx公司的v600ebg432-8上实现。     

Costas编码信号的循环谱特征分析与参数估计

研究了准确反映Costas编码信号特点的关键参数集合。基于循环谱相关密度估计方法,分析了Costas编码的循环谱特征及其与辐射源侍号参数的对应关系,提出了一种没有先验知识条件下Costas编码截获信号特征提取方法。通过对典型的Costas编码信号参数提取归一化均方根误差的计算,验证了该算法的有效性。     

Thinned spectrum ultrawideband waveforms using stepped-frequencypolyphase codes

An ultrawideband (UWB) radar can interfere with external RF sources because of the mutual occupancy of the same frequency band. A stepped-frequency polyphase code (SFPC) waveform is proposed as a generic UWB waveform whose interference with the external RF sources is significantly reduced. The subpulses of the individual stepped-frequency (SF) pulses are phase coded using small phase perturbations. This results in a waveform which places nulls at the frequency locations of the external RF sources. Because the phase perturbations are small, a mismatched filter which uses the unperturbed pulses (no phase modulation) as a reference signal results in a simple receiver design and a small mismatch loss on receive. Furthermore, the proposed methodology also has application to narrowband or wideband radars     

一种基于时间触发光纤通信网络时钟同步设计

为解决传统时间触发光纤通信网络(TTFC网络)的时钟同步拥堵问题,提出了基于改进型串行时间 码(IRIG-B码)的TTFC网络时钟同步方案。该方案采用了改进型的IRIG-B码作为时钟同步方式,改进型 的B码信号将同步周期和码元脉宽调整为传统B码的1%o,即改进型的B码信号为每毫秒1帧的时间串码,同时采用数据总线与时钟总线相分离的设计模式,避免了TTFC网络中发送端时钟与数据发生冲突的同时增加了对时的精度。为进一步验证方案的有效性,基于可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)逻辑设计搭建环境进行测试验证。最终试验结果表明,该方案能正确的进行数据收发,同时有效地避免了TTFC网络中的时钟与数据发送冲突,提高了系统带宽。     

An experiment with an S-band radar using pulse compression andrange sidelobe suppression for meteorological measurements

A major technology barrier to the application of pulse compression for the meteorological functions required by a next generation ATC radar is range/time sidelobes which mask and corrupt observations of weak phenomena occurring near areas of strong extended meteorological scatterers. Techniques for suppressing range sidelobes are well known but without prior knowledge of the scattering medium's velocity distribution their performance degrades rapidly in the presence of Doppler. Recent investigations have presented a “doppler tolerant” range sidelobe suppression technique. The thrust of the work described herein is the extension of previous simulations to actual transmitted dispersed/coded waveforms using the S-band surveillance radar located at Rome Laboratory Surveillance Facility. The objectives of the experiment are: 1) to extend the verification of the simulation of the Doppler tolerant technique; and 2) to demonstrate that the radar transmitter, waveform generator, and receiver imperfections do not significantly degrade resolution, performance or reliability of meteorological spectral moment estimates     

基于嵌入式技术的B码信号中同步脉冲提取方法的研究

首先对B码信号进行了详细地码型介绍和理论分析,然后提出了一种利用嵌入式技术来提取B码信号中同步脉冲的方法。该设计的核心部分是一片CPLD芯片,其内部实现了B码同步脉冲上升延的提取,脉冲宽度调制等功能。对设计过程中出现的关键问题,如脉冲宽度检测和毛刺信号的消除,本文提出了解决方法,并给出了仿真结果。与传统的方法相比,该设计方案具有精度高,体积小,成本低,工作稳定等优点。     

On the Acquisition Time for an Apollo Ranging Code

An Apollo ranging system is considered whose phase reference is obtained by a phase-locked loop for bit synchronization. The bit phase reference is noisy, and the error probability for the ranging code is shown to depend on the input signal energy per bit to noise density ratio. The procedure of computing the acquisition time for the ranging code is then presented and the acquisition time for a lunar ranging code is plotted versus the input signal-to-noise density ratio.     

Reciprocal radar waveforms

Digitally coded radar waveforms can be used to obtain large time-bandwidth products (pulse compression ratios). It is demonstrated that periodic radar waveforms with zero sidelobes or almost zero sidelobes can be defined. A perfect periodic code is a periodic code whose autocorrelation function has zero sidelobes and whose amplitude is uniform (maximum power efficiency=1). An asymptotically perfect periodic code has the property that as the number of elements in the code goes to infinity the autocorrelation function of the code has zero sidelobes and its power efficiency is one. The authors introduce a class of radar waveforms that are either perfect or asymptotically perfect codes. These are called reciprocal codes because they can be derived through a linear transformation of known codes. The aperiodic performance of the reciprocal code is examined     

Self-Clutter Cancellation and Ambiguity Properties of Subcomplementary Sequences

In radar signal design it is well known that a fixed volume under the ambiguity surface representing signal energy can only be shifted but not eliminated in the delay-Doppler plane because of the constraint imposed by Woodward's total volume invariance. Rihaczek has shown that periodic signal repetition, though appealing to increased energy, increases the time-bandwidth product at the expense of introducing pronounced ambiguities in the delay-Doppler plane, and thus self-clutter is generated when signals are repeated in the time domain to increase energy. The undesirable self-clutter has a masking effect on targets in different resolution cells thereby limiting performance. An analysis is presented to show that a class of waveforms described in an earlier paper as the subcomplementary set of sequences which are basically repetitive and Hadamard coded, exhibit the property of cancelling self-clutter completely in the delay-Doppler plane if their ambiguity functions are combined. By this technique it is possible to repeat contiguously a basic waveform N times in a prescribed manner to increase signal energy and to cancel totally the resulting self-clutter by combining the ambiguity functions of N different repetitive waveforms which are Hadamard coded. A convenient matrix method to combine the ambiguity functions of subcomplementary sequences, which is an extension of known methods to derive the ambiguity function of repetitive waveforms, is presented. Radar implementation considerations and comparison of performance with various forms of linear frequency modulation (FM) are also discussed.     

基于码分复用的超空间分辨率成像技术

在遥感类光电成像系统中,光学镜头可实现较高空间分辨率,而光电探测器件空间分辨率不足,焦面图像的采样不满足Whittaker-Shannon抽样定理,频谱之间的混叠导致实际分辨率下降。基于此问题,提出了一种通过编码技术标识来自物空间的不同频率,再通过像空间的解码来消除频谱混叠的影响,进而实现超分辨率成像的方法。该方法在光路中没有微镜扫描等机械运动部件,同时具备在一定程度上降低噪声的特点。文中对频谱编码实现超分辨率的机理进行了仿真,依据仿真模型和结果对影响频谱编码效果进行了相关分析。     

遗传算法在反舰导弹航路规划中的应用

针对具有航路规划功能反舰导弹的飞行特性、导弹使用上的战术需要和遗传算法的特点．提出了一种反舰导弹参考航路编码方法。基于此编码方法．对种群中的个体进行编码，并设计了相应的交叉和变异操作。仿真结果表明，基于此编码方法的遗传算法具有很好的全局寻优能力。     

Transmit Beamforming for MIMO Radar Systems using Signal Cross-Correlation

Proposed next-generation radar systems will have multiple transmit apertures with complete flexibility in the choice of the signals transmitted at each aperture. Here we propose the use of multiple signals with arbitrary cross-correlation matrix R, and show that R can be chosen to achieve or approximate a desired spatial transmit beampattern. Two specific problems are addressed. The first is the constrained optimization problem of finding the value of R which causes the true transmit beampattern to be close in some sense to a desired beampattern. This is approached using convex optimization techniques. The second is the problem of designing multiple constant-modulus waveforms with given cross-correlation R. The use of coded binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) waveforms is considered. A method for finding the code sequences based on random signaling with a structured correlation matrix is proposed. It is also shown that by restricting the class of admissible waveforms one reduces the set of possible signal correlation matrices.     

多径效应对GPS载波相位观测量的影响

推导了ＧＰＳ接收机中多径效应引入的最大载波相位跟踪误差的闭合形式。得到以下结论：当直达信号跟踪误差不超过１码片时,最大载波测相多径误差为１／４周,该值出现在测码伪距多径误差最小的情况下;当直达信号跟踪误差超过或等于１码片时,接收机跟踪多径信号,信号误检发生。     

认知无线电网络中的喷泉编译码技术研究

针对认知无线电网络（CRN）中授权信号时间和频率的不确定性导致CR用户工作频率甚至链路质量具有严重的时变性等特点,提出利用喷泉码的编解码技术解决上述问题。阐述了喷泉码的编解码原理,对喷泉码应用于认知无线电的系统性能进行了仿真分析．仿真结果表明．由于喷泉码无需反馈以及编解码复杂度低的特性,在CRN网络的时变信道环境下能实现链路维持,提高了系统的传输性能。     

基于二相编码的探测干扰一体化信号波形设计与仿真

如今,在信号处理技术飞速发展的背景下,针对传统的雷达信号设计暴露出的功能单一、低截获性能差以及距离速度分辨力较低等问题,构建了 1种基于十三位巴克码的探测干扰一体化信号波形。文中对其调制原理进行了分析,对其中的二相编码序列分量、伪随机码序列分量进行自相关函数特征分析,并分别从模糊函数、功率谱角度分析其探测特性和干扰特性。仿真实验证明,探测干扰一体化信号样式相较于单一调制的十三位巴克码信号具有较好的模糊函数和功率谱特性,在保持二相编码信号良好的多普勒敏感特性基础上,具有更好的距离分辨力以及更 大的干扰带宽。     

基于调制域增强副载波剥离的 GPS M码授权码流提取方法

针对 GPS M码授权码流获取问题,提出 1种新的基于调制域增强副载波剥离的方法。该方法利用 GPS C/A码和 M码码片起始位的相关性,在调制域上利用 BOC调制短码信息对 GPS M码信号进行累加增强,获取授权码流。首先,利用公开的 GPS C/A码辅助获取 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位;然后,分别利用获得的 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位,完成 GPS C/A码与交调量的剥离以及 M码授权码的初始相位对准;进一步,利用 BOC调制短码信息在调制域上实现累加增强,完成副载波剥离,获得 GPS M码授权码流;最后,利用实际采集信号对所提方法有效性进行了验证,并与现有方法进行了对比。结果表明,所提方法能够克服带宽内 P(Y)信号旁瓣能量对 M码授权码提 取的影响,可带来 3.5 dB左右的性能改善。     

GPS M码综述

M码信号是GPS系统采取的主要抗干扰措施,M码信号设计是未来军用GPS基础设施的核心问题,美国GPS联合计划办公室已于2001年8月批准了M码信号结构,计划在2004年发射第一颗M码卫星。本文介绍GPSM码信号的设计要求,M码信号调制方式设计以及信号捕获设计。