Cross-layer design of LT codes and LDPC codes for satellite multimedia broadcast/multicast services

According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform （LT） codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check （LDPC） codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels （BECs）. By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.     

分布式单星转发的定位测速模型及其应用

在城市峡谷中通过接收导航卫星信号以实现连续的定位与测速一直是卫星导航应用中的一个难题。针对此问题,借鉴卫星导航对抗中转发式欺骗干扰的定位控制基本原理,提出了通过分布式单星转发来解决城市峡谷中实现连续卫星导航的新方法,并构建了分布式单星转发的定位测速模型。在此基础上详细讨论了转发器天线对被遮挡卫星的指向跟踪、转发器相关参数的获取、转发器收发之间的有效隔离、直达信号与转发信号的同时利用等应用性问题。所提出方法的可行性得到了仿真试验的有效验证,从而为城市峡谷中的卫星导航应用提供了新的参考。     

基于PSO-ELM的卫星导航欺骗式干扰检测CSCD

近年来,卫星导航系统在军事监测、精细农业、交通监控、资源勘探、灾害评估等领域得到了广泛应用,但由于卫星导航信号结构公开且到达地面时强度微弱,卫星导航系统极易受到各种各样的干扰,其中欺骗式干扰因具有较强的隐蔽性,对卫星导航系统构成巨大的安全威胁。传统的欺骗式干扰检测方法大多采用单一参数进行检测,具有一定局限性。考虑到欺骗干扰源在欺骗过程中会引起一系列参数变化,构造了一个多参数输入的卫星导航欺骗式干扰检测模型,即将多个特征参数作为极限学习机(ELM)的输入,并通过训练和学习将真实信号与欺骗信号区分开,从而实现欺骗式干扰检测。同时,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化ELM中的输入权值矩阵和隐层偏置,改善由于网络参数随机生成导致分类精度低的问题。仿真实验证明了该方法在卫星导航欺骗干扰检测方面的可行性和有效性。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的动量轮故障检测方法

 动量轮作为卫星姿态控制系统的关键执行部件,对其故障检测对维持卫星的正常运行具有重要意义。首先对动量轮系统的故障进行分析,在建立动量轮线性离散状态空间模型的基础上,把动量轮的故障检测作为时变参数系统的跟踪来处理,将动量轮的模型参数作为扩展的状态空间中的状态量,使得动量轮物理模型参数与状态空间中的状态量有对应关系,通过在扩展了的状态空间上采用扩展的卡尔曼滤波,完成时变参数的跟踪。然后,将离散空间的状态量变换回连续空间中,利用物理参数与状态量的对应关系,实现对动量轮物理参数的跟踪。此方法物理意义明确,为系统的物理参数提供了定量的估计值,为进一步诊断故障原因提供了良好的基础。数值仿真表明,此方法能够通过同时检测多个故障参量,实现故障的检测并满足卫星实时性要求。     

A Methodology for Computing Link Availability

An efficient and systematic numerical technique is presented for predicting availability of an RF link between a ground station and a communication satellite. This new methodology takes into account the effects of weather and time-varying link geometry caused by satellite motion as well as the customary ground/satellite link parameters. The availability computed under the worst link geometry (5 deg elevation) has been compared with the average availability computed with the new methodology. The results indicate that the traditional worst-case design approach is too pessimistic to provide a realistic design criterion where links operate at K band or above.     

基于可靠性安全系数的折叠展开机构可靠性分析

太阳翼系统是卫星的重要组成部分,其故障可能导致卫星无法正常运行,保证卫星太阳翼机构的可靠性具有重要意义。为了实现折叠展开机构的可靠性优化设计,首先,介绍卫星太阳翼机构的重要性及其可靠性的研究现状,提出基于可靠性安全系数的卫星太阳翼展开可靠性分析方法;其次,研究基于可靠性安全系数的概念,并推导其表达式;最后,以某型卫星太阳翼机构参数为例进行展开运动分析计算,验证所提方法的合理性和可行性。该方法可为卫星太阳翼机构及其他类似机构的可靠性设计提供有益参考。     

GNSS实时卫星钟差估计技术进展

不依赖实体基准站增强信息的GNSS实时精密单点定位服务将逐渐成为主流定位模式。实时卫星钟差产品作为实时精密单点定位的关键先决条件之一，其精度直接决定实时精密定位服务的性能。计算实时卫星钟差的GNSS实时卫星钟差估计技术成为实时精密定位的核心技术之一，其主要包括两种解算模式：非差解算模式和差分解算模式。由于对卫星模糊度等未知参数处理策略的不同，卫星钟差估计技术又可细分为非差、历元差分、星间差分、混合差分等策略类型。针对不同实时卫星钟差估计技术的原理方法、算法效率、适用性等问题，综合目前已有相关研究成果的基础上，对GNSS实时卫星钟差估计的研究现状、关键技术和面临的挑战进行了较为系统的总结综述，并对未来卫星钟差预报产品和实时估计产品的关系进行了展望。     

内嵌高斯白噪声模块的可编程卫星信号模拟源

由于卫星通信的遥测参数和数据格式的多样性,为满足不同卫星测试的要求,需要提供不同的信号源。考虑到成本因素,采用遥测参数和数据格式均可编程卫星信号模拟源。给出了内嵌高斯白噪声模块的可编程卫星信号模拟源的系统组成及工作原理,对其中关键模块——已调副载波生成模块和高斯白噪声生成模块进行了分析讨论,前者采用包括直接数字频率合成方法在内的全数字方法,后者采用延时斐波那契算法和公式法的算法组合。试验结果表明:本方案实现的可编程卫星信号模拟源能够满足多数卫星测试的需要。     

高动态信号模拟器中的多普勒模拟算法

 为了测试卫星定位系统接收机的性能,须用信号模拟器来模拟各种条件下真实的卫星发射信号。卫星信号模拟器由软件、硬件和上位机三部分组成。系统主要包含目标运动轨迹计算、误差计算、导航电文生成及信号调制发射等功能模块。中频信号处理中的多普勒频移模拟是高动态卫星信号模拟器要解决的一项关键技术。为此,提出了一种全相参的多普勒模拟算法,基于真实的高动态运动模型解算出伪码和载波的频率字,在现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）中通过数控振荡器(NCO)设计产生真实的动态卫星信号。通过实际测试并与理论数据进行了比对验证,模拟出的动态特性与真实卫星信号的多普勒特性一致。     

Radar Calibration Test Satellite

A satellite has been designed for application to radar calibration. Electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of the satellite and their influence on the selection of shape and other parameters are discussed. Theoretical and experimental scattering data are included.     

在IKONOS卫星图像中快速获取地物高度的研究

在分析IKONOS卫星立体影像定位空间点方法的基础上,对传统方法进行合理简化并对实验数据进行分析,提出了一种快速获取人工地物高度信息的新方法.该方法避免了复杂的立体匹配过程,也不需要卫星内部参数信息,将此方法应用于卫星影像中典型地物如油罐高度的求取,结果真实可信.     

Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.     

一种卫星延时遥测分类处理和下传方法

延时遥测是掌握卫星在测控站不可观测弧段工作状态的重要手段,在深入分析卫星遥测参数特征的基础上,对卫星遥测参数按类型进行分类处理,提出了对各类延时遥测参数不同的处理、存储和下传方法;实现了下行遥测码速率受限情况下优化利用卫星存储资源和下行信道资源,使地面可准确掌握卫星在不可观测弧段的工作状态,尤其为不可观测弧段异常问题的判断和定位提供有效的遥测数据支持;实现了延时遥测数据的自主存储和下传,大大减轻了地面测控站的控制工作量.该延时遥测方法已成功应用于某卫星,取得了良好的应用效果.     

Bandwidth maximization for satellite laser communication

Free space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high speed communication between different places on Earth. The basic free space optical communication network includes at least two satellites. In order to communicate between them, the transmitter satellite must track the beacon of the receiver satellite and point the information optical beam in its direction. The pointing systems for laser satellite communication suffer during tracking from vibration due to electronic noise, background radiation from interstellar objects such as Sun, Moon, Earth, and Stars in the tracking field of view, and mechanical impact from satellite internal and external sources. Due to vibrations the receiver receives less power. This effect limits the system bandwidth for given bit error rate (BER). In this research we derive an algorithm to maximize the communication system bandwidth using the transmitter telescope gain as a free variable based on the vibration statistics model and the system parameters. Our model makes it possible to adapt the bandwidth and transmitter gain to change of vibration amplitude. We also present an example of a practical satellite network which includes a direct detection receiver with an optical amplifier. A bandwidth improvement of three orders of magnitude is achieved in this example for certain conditions, as compared with an unoptimized system     

一种低轨卫星轨道预报算法

在基于EMBET（Error Model Best Estimation of Trajectory,误差模型最佳弹道估计）的雷达自校准处理过程中,需要基于给定的低轨卫星初始状态完成轨道预报,得到与雷达测量序列对应的卫星位置序列,进而通过迭代收敛过程得到误差模型参数估计。针对低轨卫星轨道迭代预报的需要,提出了一种边积分边插值的轨道预报方法。即将低轨卫星轨道积分计算过程的加速度计算结果直接应用到三弯矩插值,省略了三弯矩插值中节点矩的计算过程,同时将积分步长以及插值区间步长设置为1 s,减少了积分及插值中乘法和除法的计算次数,进一步提高了计算效率。经仿真计算表明,该方法在保证轨道预报精度的情况下,计算效率比传统低轨卫星轨道预报方法提高了约20倍,有效提高了雷达自校准处理的时效性。     

A Domestic Satellite Design

This paper deals with the design parameters of a communications satellite which would be capable of providing domestic telephony, data, and television distribution services. Certain important aspects of the design are discussed, including satellite antenna beam coverage, transponder bandwidth, and transponder radiated power for a given weight range. A baseline satellite design is then presented which has 24 transponders (with 4000 watts radiated power on-axis and 34-MHz radio-frequency bandwidth) fully accessible from the 48 contiguous United States. The design uses crossed linear polarization to reuse the satellite transmit and receive frequency spectrum.     

一种移动卫星网络最小费用切换算法(英文)

For mobile satellite networks, an appropriate handover scheme should be devised to shorten handover delay with optimized application of network resources. By introducing the handover cost model of service, this article proposes a rerouting triggering scheme for path optimization after handover and a new minimum cost handover algorithm for mobile satellite networks. This algorithm ensures the quality of service （QoS） parameters, such as delay, during the handover and minimizes the handover costs. Simulation indicates that this algorithm is superior to other current algorithms in guaranteeing the QoS and decreasing handover costs.     

低地轨道小卫星星座优化问题研究

以低地轨道小卫星星座为研究对象，着重从星座覆盖性能考虑出发，详细阐述了局部覆盖小卫星星座优化设计的一般方法与思路。针对某一类型任务对两轨道面和三轨道面星座进行了优化设计，阐述了在一定约束条件下星座优化设计的关键因素以及不同轨道面数目下星座优化的特点，并进行了仿真分析。结果表明提供的优化模型对小卫星星座设计具有理论意义和实用价值。     

Analysis of solar panel orientation in low altitude satellites

The computation of the optimal orientation of solar panels which are fixed to the body of the satellite, from the point of view of average power, is presented. In practical cases, some of the parameters which determine the optimal orientation vary during the lifetime of the satellite. In these cases we compute a worst case optimum, which maximizes the average power in the worst case situation. Finally, an application of these procedures to an Earth observation satellite is performed     

自由翻滚故障卫星外包络抓捕及抓捕路径优化

自由翻滚故障卫星抓捕是航天器在轨服务及空间碎片清理的基础。由于难以确定固定抓捕点及目标运动参数不确定,传统机械臂抓捕方法无法适用类似自由翻滚故障卫星的空间非合作目标。提出一种具有鲁棒性的外包络抓捕方法及抓捕路径优化方案。外包络抓捕方式能够适用于自由翻滚故障卫星抓捕问题,其特点在于,第一,由抓捕末端执行器构成的抓捕包络可以包络空间目标,约束其运动并最终实现抓捕,因此不需要固定抓捕点;第二,末端执行器构成的抓捕包络,能够约束故障卫星运动,而两者之间的摩擦可以有效消除两者之间的相对运动最终成功抓捕翻滚目标。进一步,针对外包络抓捕方法,提出了一种最小燃料消耗及最小抓捕扰动的机械臂抓捕路径。为验证外包络抓捕方法的有效性,构建旋转立方星抓捕地面实验,并利用数值仿真验证外包络抓捕机械臂最优路径规划,仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。