不锈钢镜面的游离磨粒精密加工

利用游离磨粒加工方法对马氏体平面不锈钢SUS440C试件进行精密加工.通过田口实验方法对研磨阶段的工艺参数进行了优化,涉及的工艺参数包括研磨盘转速、加工载荷和加工时间.利用优化的研磨工艺加工后试件表面粗糙度达Ra72nm.抛光过程中使用聚氨酯抛光垫和二氧化硅磨粒,经抛光后试件表面粗糙度达Ra8nm、表面呈镜面.     

非接触式超精密研磨技术

名古屋工业技术研究所SP46型非接触式研磨机,研磨盘与工作轴以20～200r/min的转速作同向、高精度旋转,工作悬浮在研磨盘上,在研磨液的化学作用及微细粉末粒子的撞击下产生研磨作用。轴系皆采用液体动静压轴承,可加工Φ170mm的工件。该机可加工出表面粗糙度为2nm的硅片,加工Φ100mm、厚度为30mm的BK7光学玻璃,平面度为0031μm,表面粗糙度(均方根偏差)可达0.0038μm。特别适合微电子功能材料及光学平面的超精密加工,具有广阔的应用前景。     

铝合金表面硬质阳极化的超精研磨头

本成果在车床上加装超精研磨头,通过偏心机构使超精杆产生高频轴向振动（46.7Hz）,工件由车床主轴带动旋转、研磨后,活塞杆Φ20mm硬质阳极化内孔表面达到设计要求,解决了伺服机构漏油漏气现象。 主要加工技术指标:Φ20mm内孔表面粗糙度Ra0.2μm～0.32μm;椭圆度、锥度不大于0.005;硬质阳极厚度为40μm～60μm;硬质阳极化硬度大于HRC35。     

镍基高温合金GH4169磨削参数对表面完整性影响

研究了用单晶刚玉砂轮磨削镍基高温合金GH4169时,磨削参数对表面完整性中的表面特征(表面粗糙度、表面形貌、表面显微硬度和表面残余应力)的影响,以期优化磨削参数.砂轮速度依次选择15,20,25m/s,磨削深度分别选择50,100,150μm,工件速度分别选择5,10,15m/min.研究结果表明:表面粗糙度对工件速度的变化最敏感,表面显微硬度对砂轮速度变化最敏感,表面残余应力对砂轮速度变化最敏感;同时表明了磨削参数对磨削表面形貌、显微硬度梯度、微观组织、残余应力梯度的影响,揭示了表面完整性中的变质层形成规律.其塑性变形层在5～10μm,显微硬度变化影响层为80～100μm,残余应力影响层厚度为80～200μm,其为磨削镍基高温合金表面完整性控制研究提供相关的实验数据基础.      

ELID精密镜面磨削技术的开发应用

介绍了ELID磨削技术在精密加工中的开发应用。采用自行开发的ELID磨削工艺系统对硬质合金、工程陶瓷、高速钢进行精密镜面平面、内圆和外圆磨削,得到了表面粗糙度Ra=0.003～0.025μm的加工表面。     

航空发动机整体叶盘磁力研磨光整实验

磁力研磨工艺抛光整体叶盘时,工件与磁极干涉严重,用径向磁极代替轴向磁极加工可有效避免干涉,但研磨压力小、研磨效率低.通过对磁力研磨径向磁极加工机理和单个研磨粒子的微观受力情况详细分析得到:提高磁场强度变化率可有效增大磁力研磨效率.经有限元模拟分析发现磁极表面沿轴线方向开矩形槽可使磁场强度变化率提高.对镍基高温合金材质整体叶盘进行磁力研磨实验,并对实验数据分析研究得出:以径向磁极为工具的磁力研磨法可实现对整体叶盘的无干涉加工,磁极开矩形槽后磁力研磨效率可提高31%,叶盘表面粗糙度值由研磨前的1.2μm降至0.18μm,验证了磁力研磨工艺对高效、高质量实现整体叶盘表面光整加工的可行性.      

磁盘磁头圆柱状浮动面研磨技术

本成果用于制作冠高为4μm～5μm、粗造度为Ra 0.025μm的圆柱形浮动块工作面的一种研磨技术。整个工作由一台自制研磨机实现。操作方便、研磨成功率在80％以上。粗造度可达到Ra0.025μm（浮动块材料是微晶玻璃）。 从干涉仪中观察到的表征圆柱面性能的光圈平直度、平行度和条纹数均满足设计要求。 该成果已成功地应用于磁盘磁头的制作。     

超声磨料对TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的影响

为改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量,减少表面微裂纹、重熔层等表面缺陷,提出了基于电极振动的超声磨料电火花复合加工方法。在煤油工作液中混入12g/L的SiC磨料粉,进行了有无超声磨料作用的窄脉冲(脉宽小于1μs)电火花加工的表面粗糙度对比实验研究。实验结果表明:SiC磨料的超声振动作用使零件表面粗糙度Ra由0.5μm降到0.2μm左右;重熔层厚度、表面裂纹的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示,超声磨料作用使重熔层厚度减薄20～30μm,表面微裂纹得到有效控制;机理分析认为工作液高频振动及磨料对工件的冲击作用,是改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的主要原因。研究表明磨料的超声振动作用可显著改善TC4钛合金电火花加工的表面质量。     

DD9镍基单晶高温合金磨削表面质量实验研究

涡轮叶片榫齿常采用磨削加工,磨削工艺参数决定了其加工表面的质量和疲劳性能。基于正交试验研究磨削参数对第三代镍基单晶高温合金DD9 磨削表面粗糙度及硬度的影响规律和机理。结果表明：磨削表面粗糙度受砂轮线速度vs 的影响最大,工件进给速度vw 对其的影响次之,而受磨削深度ap 的影响最小;磨削表面出现加工硬化,加工硬化程度在1.9%~13.8% 之间,亚表面硬化层深度在60~120 μm 之间;为获得粗糙度小、纹理均匀、硬化程度小的DD9 高温合金磨削表面,精加工推荐的磨削参数为vs∈［20 m/s,25 m/s］,vw∈［12 m/min,16 m/mim］,ap∈［10 μm,15 μm］。     

增材制造燃油喷嘴特征件磨粒流抛光研究

燃油喷嘴的增材制造在缩短制造周期、降低制造成本以及提升合格率方面具有明显优势,但是喷嘴内流道表面的光整处理成为打印工艺亟需突破的关键技术难题。对增材制造燃油喷嘴内流道特征件进行磨粒流四因素抛光试验,结果表明在本文的试验条件下,磨粒流抛光可有效去除表面黏粉、球化现象,改善表面台阶效应;通过优化计算获得了磨粒流抛光的最优工艺参数,经试验验证,喷嘴内流道表面粗糙度Ra由9.10μm降至2.70μm。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.