管制员情景意识模型研究

一、引言 随着民航事业的飞速发展,空中交通流量急剧增加,而由于空管的“威胁、差错”造成严重后果的风险更加明显,对我国近门年管制事故及事故症候进行统计发现,其中由于空管“威胁、差错”造成的占大部分比重。女口何针对管制工作中可能出现的“威胁、差错”环节进行差错、危险和不理想状态的提前识别,从而有效地减少工作中出现的“威胁、差错”现象,并最大限度地降低“威胁、差错”引发管制事故及事故症候成为我们关注的热点课题。     

面向空中目标威胁评估的多传感器管理方法

为了降低在空中目标威胁评估任务中由于威胁评估结果的不准确性和传感器辐射所带来的潜在损失，提出了一种基于风险的多传感器管理方法。首先，基于部分可观马尔可夫决策过程建立了传感器管理模型；然后，给出了基于信息状态的威胁评估风险和传感器辐射风险的预测方法以量化潜在损失；接着，为获得更优的作战收益，以多步风险预测值为决策依据，以两种风险的加权和最小为优化目标建立了长期目标函数；最后，在求解目标函数时，将传感器管理问题转化为决策树搜索，设计了一种基于分支定界的标准代价搜索算法以快速获得高质量的管理方案。仿真实验表明，所提算法能够在搜索到高质量解的同时大幅减少计算时间和内存消耗；所提方法能够对风险进行准确预测，且相比于经典的传感器管理方法，所提方法具有更好的风险控制效果。     

基于MATLAB的海上目标威胁程度仿真研究

介绍了MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱的基础知识和基本用法,以及海上目标威胁程度等级计算的基本方法,并在此基础上提出了运用MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱进行海上目标威胁程度等级的仿真。根据海上目标威胁程度等级计算的基本要求和模糊推理系统的构造方法,确定了系统各变量的隶属度函数,制定了系统的模糊规则。仿真结果表明,运用MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱进行海上目标威胁程度等级的仿真,建立系统隶属度函数和模糊规则非常快捷、方便,各输入变量对输出变量目标威胁程度等级的影响非常直观。     

某型导弹靶标研制的风险评估研究

武器装备研制过程存在各种风险,准确地对风险进行评估,可有效减少风险造成的损失。针对武器装备的研制风险,介绍了风险评估的方法,并结合风险因子、技术特征因子和实验条件因子,给出风险计算公式。最后结合某导弹靶标系统进行了风险评估。     

现代战斗机威胁源分类方法

以当前我军现代战斗机面临的威胁源为主要研究对象,系统、全面、深入地研究了实战条件下的威胁源分类方法。对现代战斗机威胁源分类依据进行总体分析;分别按照威胁来源和威胁次第,对现代战斗机威胁源进行分类;针对战争中最常遇到的飞机战斗威胁,分别按照损伤机理和武器类型进行分类;对整体研究内容进行总结。在研究过程中,能够针对现代战斗机的特点进行分类,实时性好,不但完善、修改了之前的一些分类方法,而且创新了一些分类方法,加入了一些新型威胁源;同时,对各种威胁源的特点描述针对性比较强。本研究紧贴时代背景需求,可为进一步全面研究飞机战伤模式奠定基础,为飞机生存力和维修性设计及战伤抢修研究提供理论支撑。     

无人机路径规划中的环境和威胁模型研究

为了提高无人机执行任务时的突防能力,在进行飞行路径规划时必须对战场环境中的威胁环境进行评估,而威胁环境中的威胁估计与飞机被雷达或类似的传感器探测出的风险度有关,需要考虑的信息包括无人机传感器范围内的威胁位置和强度.路径规划算法依赖于路径规划空间的建模方式,包括环境建模和威胁源建模.目前针对规划空间环境和威胁模型的建模方法缺乏系统分类和论述.分析了战场环境的建模方法,研究了规划空间的离散建模方式,根据无人机飞行过程中可能遭遇的威胁类型进行威胁源类型的划分,并针对三种威胁类型分别建立威胁风险模型,为无人机在复杂环境下的路径规划实现做了参数准备.     

基于信息技术的民用飞机操控及运营理念分析

信息技术正在改变民用飞机的操控和运营方式,民用飞机随之呈现出电子化的发展趋势,而电子化飞机改变了传统的航空运输系统。随着信息技术和无线网络引入民用飞机应用,对机载电子系统的非授权访问将会严重影响飞机的安全操控及运营,新出现的这类安全风险尚无相应的民航规章对其进行处理。详细阐述电子化飞机的操控及运营理念,详细分析了电子化飞机的信息资源分布系统模型,总结了威胁信息资源安全的各种成因,明确了提高电子化飞机安全性的方向。     

风险驱动的安全关键实时任务调度

安全关键系统面临着日趋严峻的安全威胁,如何降低安全关键实时应用的风险成为挑战。通过结合风险评估与实时调度,给出一种风险驱动的任务调度方案。在分析非周期实时任务可调度性的基础上,提出一种基于处理器瞬态利用率、系统安全风险最小的在线调度近似算法。在不违背关键任务的时间约束和安全约束的前提下,该算法能够在低时间复杂度内得到安全性能确保的次优解。实验结果显示所提算法能明显降低安全关键实时应用的风险。具体来讲,最大安全风险可降低22.2%,并且在安全风险近似率上界为110%情况下,真实近似率最小为102.4%。     

大功率电动舵机系统仿真技术应用研究

随着导弹性能的不断提升,电动舵机系统的功率越来越高,研制风险也随之提高,因此对大功率电动舵机系统的精确仿真也日趋重要.基于Matlab及ADAMS仿真工具建立了某大功率电动舵机系统的机电联合仿真模型,并对系统的动态响应进行了仿真.与实测结果相比,该模型能够较为准确地仿真实际舵系统,对提高大功率电动舵机系统仿真结果的可信度具有积极意义.     

无人机系统安全目标水平预估方法

考虑无人机系统（UAS）与有人机运行安全特性的不同,通过事件树分析识别出对地撞击是无人机系统运行的首要风险方式。基于等效安全水平的概念,建立确定无人机系统安全目标水平的对地撞击模型,将无人机撞击动能、构型参数以及飞行环境因素综合考虑到模型中,并计算了不同无人机系统在不同运行场景下的安全目标水平以及基于我国地域人口的安全目标水平,结果表明: 在考虑运行环境的情况下,对无人机系统安全目标水平的定量要求可能跨越4～5个数量级。在此基础上,结合风险矩阵的概念,给出基于对地撞击情况的无人机系统运行风险评价矩阵,为无人机系统运行风险评价提供了一种可行思路。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.