TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的EB-PVD制备及组织性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术,成功制备了尺寸为150mm×100mm×0.4mm的TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料,并对其物相组成、断口形貌和室温力学性能与TiAl单层材料进行了对比分析.结果表明,在TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料中,NiCoCrAl层主要由Ni3Al和NiCrCo组成,TiAl层由γ相、α2相和т相组成且未发现TiAl单层材料中看到的分层现象;TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的强度和韧性都要高于TiAl单层材料,其断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂转变为具有一定延性的穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂的混合断裂方式.TiAl/NiCoCrAl层板复合材料的强化机制主要为细晶弥散强化;该材料的韧化机制主要为裂纹的偏转、微桥接和弯曲增韧.     

EB-PVD沉积Ni-Cr-Al合金的组织和力学性能的研究

利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备出厚度为0.5mm的Ni-Cr-Al高温合金。研究了该合金在制备状态和长期时效后的显微组织及其力学性能。结果表明,制备态合金表面的晶粒尺寸约为185nm,并且材料断面呈层状结构。合金在760℃下时效16h,72h和120h后,材料断面的层状结构消失,且明显看到晶粒的存在。合金时效16h后,在靠近基板一侧形成柱状晶,但远离基板一侧为等轴晶。760℃长时间时效形成的主要强化相为γ'相。断口结果表明,制备态合金室温断口为混合型断口,接近基板一侧发生沿柱状晶边界的脆性断裂,而在另一侧为韧窝为主的韧性断裂。材料经长时间的真空时效后,断口由脆性断口转变为韧性断口。合金的室温显微硬度随时效时间的增加而下降,这是由于γ'相不断长大所引起。与制备态合金相比,时效后合金的力学性能明显改善。     

原位拉伸研究热处理对激光选区熔化GH4169合金组织及650℃力学性能的影响

研究热处理制度对激光选区熔化成形GH4169合金组织及高温力学性能的影响。通过自主研发的SEM原位加热拉伸测试平台,探究热处理前后650℃合金力学性能变化与动态组织演变的关系。结果表明：热处理后合金的晶粒形态由柱状晶转化为等轴晶,Laves相溶解,析出大量γ’和γ’’强化相;在650℃下,沉积态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为574 MPa和740 MPa,热处理态（HSA态）合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为818 MPa和892 MPa,较沉积态分别提升了42.5%和20.1%;沉积态合金表面晶粒起伏更大,协调变形能力更强,塑性流动能力好;裂纹在Laves相周围萌生沿枝状晶向最大切应力方向扩展,样品颈缩后发生剪切断裂;HSA态裂纹在碳化物周围萌生沿晶界扩展,断裂方式为沿晶和穿晶相结合的混合断裂。     

含Cr铸造Ti3Al＋TiAl合金的室温拉伸断裂行为

研究了Ｔｉ－４４．９Ａｌ（ａｔ－％）合金和Ｔｉ－４４．３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ（ａｔ－％）合金的室温拉伸断裂过程。结果表明，Ｃｒ提高了合金的塑性。塑性的提高与含Ｃｒ合金含有更多的γ－ＴｉＡｌ相和形成由细晶γ和α＿２＋γ细晶组成的双重组织有关。Ｃｒ促使块状α＿２和β２相的形成，对阻碍γ相上的长程滑移有明显的作用。进一步细化铸态晶粒或制备具有片状α＿２＋γ组织的单晶合金是发展铸造α＿２＋γ合金的目标。     

选区激光熔化IN718合金室温及高温拉伸性能研究

采用选区激光熔化技术制备了IN718合金,对其凝固组织形成机制和热处理固态相变行为进行了研究,分析了IN718合金经热处理后的室温和高温拉伸断裂机理。研究结果表明,选区激光熔化IN718合金沉积态显微组织为沿沉积增高方向定向生长的树枝晶,枝晶间分布着纳米级Laves相。经标准热处理后晶粒形态没有明显变化,大量γ′和γ′′相以及针状δ相弥散析出,Laves相含量减少,合金硬度较沉积态高约40%。经热处理后,合金垂直于沉积增高方向试样抗拉强度高于锻件,平行于沉积增高方向的试样塑性优于锻件,高温拉伸强度与锻件相当,室温及高温拉伸断裂机制均为微孔聚集型的穿晶韧性断裂。     

Mo-Ti梯度功能材料的显微组织特征研究

应用电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对共沉降法制备的Mo—Ti梯度功能材料的化学成分分布、显微组织和断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明，试验材料整体致密，化学元素分布、显微组织和断口形貌具有梯度变化特征。富Mo区颗粒以机械混合的形式存在；以Mo为主要组分的Mo—Ti梯度层，也是以机械混合为主；以Ti为主要组分的Mo—Ti梯度层，主要以多边形β相存在；富钛区钛主要以球形α相存在。富Mo区为沿晶脆性断裂，富Ti区为典型的穿晶解理断裂，Mo—Ti梯度层以穿晶解理断裂为主，还表现出延性断裂特征。     

一种热连轧GH4169合金的蠕变行为与断裂机制

通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了热连轧直接时效处理的GH4169镍基合金的蠕变行为和断裂机制。结果表明:热连轧GH4169镍基合金的组织结构由γ′,γ″相和γ基体相组成,具有较小的晶粒尺寸,晶内存在高密度位错和孪晶。经直接时效后,合金中弥散分布的细小γ″相数量增加,及高密度位错引起的形变强化效果,是使合金在650℃/725MP条件下具有较长的蠕变寿命的主要原因;蠕变期间,合金的变形特征是孪晶变形和位错的双取向滑移;随着蠕变进行,位错的数量逐渐增加,并在晶界处引起应力集中,致使裂纹在晶界处萌生及扩展是合金的蠕变断裂机制。     

固溶温度对Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al钛合金组织性能的影响

对Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al钛合金10/mm棒材在不同固溶时效制度下的拉伸断口形貌与显微组织进行分析,研究了断口形貌及显微组织对力学性能的影响。结果表明:当材料在相变点以下固溶时效时,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相减少,β晶粒长大,断口纤维区变小,韧窝变大变浅,断裂方式由韧性断裂逐渐变成准解理断裂,强度升高,塑性降低;当材料在相变点以上固溶时效时,β晶粒重新形核长大,初生α相已经消失,断口由棱角清晰的小晶面颗粒组成,断裂方式为典型的沿晶脆性断裂,强度在1500/MPa以上,断后伸长率为2%。     

热处理对激光快速成形TC21钛合金组织和硬度的影响

采用激光快速成形技术制备出TC21钛合金块状坯料,研究了去应力退火及固溶时效热处理对成形件组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:去应力退火后,成形件组织和显微硬度基本无变化;固溶+时效热处理后,原沉积态明暗两区统一,硬度基本无差别,表明组织已均匀化。随着固溶温度的升高,网篮组织中的α片变宽,球状α相的数量增多,晶界α相发生粗化。当固溶温度为932℃时,成形件沉积态中粗大的柱状晶发生再结晶,转变为较细小的等轴晶。     

电子束物理气相沉积Ni-Cr—Al合金薄板微观组织研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积技术(EB-PVD)在温度为700℃的不锈钢基片上沉积厚度为0.2mm的Ni-Cr-Al高温合金薄板,然后将合金薄板与基片剥离.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段研究了Ni-Cr-Al合金薄板的微观组织.结果表明,沿厚度方向合金具有两种不同晶粒形貌的两层结构,在沉积材料的靠近基板侧观察到柱状晶区,同时表现出{lll}织构,而在远离基板一侧晶粒形貌则为近等轴晶且无织构现象;合金表面晶粒细小均匀且呈岛状分布,每个"岛屿"由许多晶粒尺寸约为100 nm柱状晶粒组成;晶粒内部亚结构表现为孪晶.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.