基于非线性动态逆的舰载机直接升力航迹控制

针对舰载机人工进场着舰精确轨迹控制中飞行员操纵负担重、着舰环境复杂的问题,提出采用非线性动态逆(NDI)先进控制方法设计基于直接升力的舰载机精确着舰轨迹控制律。首先,综合分析了"魔毯"技术的控制策略,从航迹调整和姿态保持的直接升力解耦控制角度出发,设计了两层NDI回路;然后,采用合理的控制分配方法实现直接升力的舵面分配。仿真结果表明,所提出的精确着舰控制方法能够有效实现"魔毯"式航迹操纵。     

弹塑性有限元分析的凝缩法

 本文提出了弹塑性有限元分析的一种新方法——“弹塑性有限元分析的凝缩法”。按这种方法对结构进行弹塑性计算,与普通方法相比,可以大量缩短计算时间,从而取得明显的经济效益。     

Performance measure for Markovian switching systems using best-fitting Gaussian distributions

This paper considers the theoretical posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) for the case of tracking a manoeuvring target with Markovian switching dynamics. In a recent article [2] it was proposed to calculate the PCRLB conditional on the manoeuvre sequence and then determine the bound as a weighted average, giving an unconditional PCRLB. However, we demonstrate that this approach can produce an overly optimistic lower bound, because the sequence of manoeuvres is implicitly assumed known. Motivated by this, we develop a general approach and derive a closed-form estimate of the PCRLB in the case of Markovian switching systems. The basis of the approach is to, at each time step, replace the multi-modal prior target probability density function (pdf) with a best-fitting Gaussian (BFG) approximation. We present a recursive formula for calculating the mean and covariance of this Gaussian distribution, and demonstrate how the covariance increases as a result of the potential manoeuvres. We are then able to calculate the PCRLB for this BFG model using an existing Riccati-like recursion. Because of the BFG approximation, we are no longer guaranteed a bound and so we refer to our estimate as an "error performance measure" rather than a bound. The presented approach is applied both to filtering and smoothing cases. The simulation results indicate a very close agreement between the proposed performance measure and the error performance of an interacting multiple model estimator.     

Rao-blackwellised particle filtering in random set multitarget tracking

This article introduces a Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering (RBPF) approach in the finite set statistics (FISST) multitarget tracking framework. The RBPF approach is proposed in such a case, where each sensor is assumed to produce a sequence of detection reports each containing either one single-target measurement, or a "no detection" report. The tests cover two different measurement models: a linear-Gaussian measurement model, and a nonlinear model linearised in the extended Kalman filter (EKF) scheme. In the tests, Rao-Blackwellisation resulted in a significant reduction of the errors of the FISST estimators when compared with a previously proposed direct particle implementation. In addition, the RBPF approach was shown to be applicable in nonlinear bearings-only multitarget tracking.     

Observer-based adaptive sliding mode backstepping output-feedback DSC for spin-stabilized canard-controlled projectiles

This article presents a complete nonlinear controller design for a class of spin-stabilized canard-controlled projectiles.Uniformly ultimate boundedness and tracking are achieved,exploiting a heavily coupled,bounded uncertain and highly nonlinear model of longitudinal and lateral dynamics.In order to estimate unmeasurable states,an observer is proposed for an augmented multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) nonlinear system with an adaptive sliding mode term against the disturbances.Under the frame of a backstepping design,an adaptive sliding mode output-feedback dynamic surface control(DSC) approach is derived recursively by virtue of the estimated states.The DSC technique is adopted to overcome the problem of ‘‘explosion of complexity" and relieve the stress of the guidance loop.It is proven that all signals of the MIMO closed-loop system,including the observer and controller,are uniformly ultimately bounded,and the tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin.Simulation results for the observer and controller are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

复杂背景下红外弱小运动目标检测的新方法

提出了一种用于检测不同类型复杂背景下红外弱小运动目标的新方法。该方法能够根据图像信息自动选择背景预测算子;同时,针对不同类型复杂背景中目标和背景特性的差异,提出了“局部小目标可辨识度”的概念,并定义了一种有效的方法将其量化。在此基础上,采用蒙特卡罗实验方法构造了一种新的阈值函数,实现了单帧目标的检测,然后采用移动加权管道滤波提取目标的运动轨迹。实验结果表明,该方法对不同类型复杂背景的红外弱小运动目标具有很好的检测性能。     

GEO卫星寿命末期异常情况下离轨控制策略

为及时有效处置卫星寿命末期在轨突发情况,有针对性地做好卫星离轨的各项准备,控制与减小突发异常危害和不良影响,根据离轨控制要求,对异常情况下实施离轨的控制策略进行分析,提出了在燃料受限情况下"小步逼近"的多批次双脉冲离轨控制策略,以及在离轨控制时间受限情况下"大步远离"的短时间大控制量离轨控制策略,并通过仿真对控制策略进行了验证。结果表明,"小步逼近"控制策略能在燃料受限时尽可能地逼近坟墓轨道,"大步远离"控制策略能在较短的时间内将卫星送入坟墓轨道,该策略适用于GEO(Geostationary Earth Orbit,地球静止轨道)卫星寿命末期异常情况下的离轨控制。     

弹塑性接触有限元分析的凝缩法

 解决弹性接触问题可用一种新的弹塑性接触有限元计算方法,即有限元混合法与弹塑性有限元分析的凝缩法结合而成,能显著地节省计算时间。文中对涡轮盘榫槽与叶片榫头的接触问题进行了计算分析。     

基于分布式自适应的多智能体容错一致性控制

针对"领航者-跟随者"的多智能体编队，由于领航者系统出现故障引起编队通讯中断而不能完成任务的问题，提出了一种基于一致性理论的分布式自适应控制方法，用于解决该问题。首先，以一个位于顶点的智能体作为领航者，其余3个位于同一条线上的智能体作为跟随者，由此所构成的三角形编队作为被控对象。其中，领航者速度方向作为编队的前行方向，跟随者位于领航者之后。其次，基于图论，对智能体局部信息参数进行分布式自适应更新，并设计分布式自适应控制律，用于弥补多智能体编队中领航者故障所造成的影响。同时，根据相邻智能体的局部信息，设计整体分布式自适应容错控制律，进一步通过构建合理的Lyapunov函数，证明所设计控制器的稳定性，以及"领航者-跟随者"之间相对横向以及相对纵向的距离误差均收敛于固定常数。最后，仿真验证表明：所提出的自适应控制方法具有良好的鲁棒性，这也为工程实践提供了理论依据。     

MPPT of photovoltaic systems using extremum - seeking control

A stability analysis for a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme based on extremum-seeking control is developed for a photovoltaic (PV) array supplying a dc-to-dc switching converter. The global stability of the extremum-seeking algorithm is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov's approach. Subsequently, the algorithm is applied to an MPPT system based on the "perturb and observe" method. The steady-state behavior of the PV system with MPPT control is characterized by a stable oscillation around the maximum power point. The tracking algorithm leads the array coordinates to the maximum power point by increasing or decreasing linearly with time the array voltage. Off-line measurements are not required by the control law, which is implemented by means of an analog multiplier, standard operational amplifiers, a flip-flop circuit and a pulsewidth modulator. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT scheme is demonstrated experimentally under different operating conditions.     

基于视频图像序列的3-D场景生成方法

平面序列图像的立体化表述和任意视点成生是实现３－Ｄ场景的关键技术。利用便携式摄像机沿着不同运动轨迹,连续对目标物体进行拍摄,可获得不同层次的包含有双目视差深度的平面视点序列图像。从获取的序列图像中选择不同的视点,即选择参考帧,利用与参考帧相邻的帧图像,估计参考帧位置的深度信息。采用自适应匹配算法,将各种层次的深度信息分配给图像的不同区域,形成具有不同深度层次的图像深度表示图,建立３－Ｄ观察场景。最     

Selecting scale factor of Bayesian multi-fidelity surrogate by minimizing posterior variance

The Bayesian Multi-Fidelity Surrogate(MFS) proposed by Kennedy and O’Hagan(KOH model) has been widely employed in engineering design, which builds the approximation by decomposing the high-fidelity function into a scaled low-fidelity model plus a discrepancy function. The scale factor before the low-fidelity function, ρ, plays a crucial role in the KOH model. This scale factor is always tuned by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE). However, recent studies reported that the MLE may sometimes r...     

基于变分分割模型的结冰冰形测量方法

结冰冰形是结冰风洞试验中关注的要素之一,针对其冰形测量问题,提出了一种基于变分图像分割技术的非接触测量方法。基本思路是对翼型结冰俯视图像进行图像分割,将获得的曲线标定后与翼型数模结合,得到最终结冰冰形。为了排除结冰图像中不相干物体和因素的干扰,更精确获取结冰冰形,提出了选择分割的思想,构造了区域特征函数,建立了新的能量函数。采用所提基于变分分割模型的测量方法,对结冰风洞试验冰形进行了测量,并定量分析了方法的误差,测试了方法的抗噪声能力。结果表明该方法对结冰冰形的测量是准确可行的,且具有较高的精度,另外,其对噪声具有鲁棒性。所提方法可推广至其他与物体形状相关的测量中。     

近似函数用于疲劳寿命曲线的数学建模

 将近似函数引进到带缺口试验件的疲劳寿命数学建模中,利用“疲劳转折点”概念,提出“分段建模”概念,给出基于经验变换和基于近似函数的两种数学模型,并与传统的“三参数”模型对比。结果表明 :两种模型的精度高,适用范围广,其中,基于近似函数的数学模型还具有很强的适应性,在工程上具有一定的应用前景。     

湍流减阻新概念的实验探索

本文对当今湍流表面摩擦减阻新概念进行了初步的风洞实验探索。将垂直于流动方向的小尺寸肋条按一定的间隔距离固定在平板上,利用自制的悬挂式天平测量了不同风速时的阻力,获得了约１０．２％的减阻效果。实验中分别考察了肋条参数对减阻的影响,使用Ｘ型热线风速仪研究了雷诺应力的型态。从湍流边界层涡结构的观点出发,提出了边界层底部“微型空气轴承（ＭＡＢＳ）”减阻新概念以及涡结构干扰对减阻的影响,并认为平均速度型态的     

Emitter number estimation from pulse trains using the GIC

An information theoretic criterion based approach for estimating the number of emitters from a set of interleaved pulse trains is proposed. In the approach, a new pulse signal model is formulated to handle large number of pulses. The approach is based on the application of the general information criteria (GIC) and has the advantage of not requiring any threshold setting procedures. When compared with classical information theoretic criterion based approaches, the GIC-based approach is more flexible, and it does not involve any computationally sophisticated maximum likelihood estimator. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

一种综合研究颤振主动抑制的方法

 本文研究了弹性飞机的颤振主动抑制就颤振发生的实质的讨论,提出一种研究颤振问题的探索性想法,即把对全系统颤振问题的研究归结到对其中少数有关的运动模态特性的研究。此一想法在颤振特性分析及颤振主动抑制方面得到具体的发挥,相应地产生了一种综合作图法和解析法特点的近似分析颤振特性的途径和一个具有明确物理意义的优化目标函数。后者一定程度上克服了常用的二次型优化方法所固有的某些弊病。算例结果表明本文提出的建议和方法具有一定的使用价值。     

“Ⅳ型”激波干扰中流-热-固耦合问题一体化计算分析

针对高超声速进气道前缘"Ⅳ型"激波干扰产生的气动加热与结构传热多物理场耦合计算问题，发展了一种基于有限体积法的流-热-固一体化计算方法。该方法采用一体化控制方程组统一离散求解外部高速流场与内部结构温度场，规避了传统分区耦合算法在时间域内交替迭代的繁琐数据交换策略。另外，提出一种新的双温阻模型计算流-固交界面的物性参数以保证计算准确性，采用LU-SGS隐式时间迭代和自适应时间步长以提高计算效率。采用经典高超声速二维圆管流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证，计算结果与试验值和参考文献数据吻合较好，证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。利用一体化方法对高超声速前缘"Ⅳ型"激波干扰流-热-固耦合问题进行定常/非定常计算与分析，给出了温度与热流的时变特性，计算结果表明，激波干扰作用产生的超声速"喷流"不断冲击壁面，使得壁面最大压力系数增大约9倍，壁面最大热流增大约4.7倍，给高速飞行器的热防护设计与选材带来严峻挑战。同时，也表明了一体化计算方法可以较好地用于长航时飞行条件下与复杂飞行环境下的高超声速热防护系统的热环境特性分析与综合性能评估。