表面凸起对机翼热气防冰腔内换热强化的影响

采用数值模拟对比研究了光滑表面和具有表面凸起结构热气防冰腔内湍流流动的换热特性。机翼防冰腔内笛形管具有三排射流孔,射流孔角度有0°±45°组合以及0°±30°组合。为了强化射流冲击光滑表面的流动换热,在防冰腔内表面正对射流孔的射流冲击区,设计了表面凸起结构,用来强化射流对壁面的冲击换热效果并起到引流作用。通过改变射流孔射流角度研究了射流角度对传热特性的影响。计算结果表明:与光滑防冰腔内表面射流冲击换热相比,表面凸起结构可以将均匀发散的壁面射流集中为高速壁面射流,提高壁面射流区的对流换热系数,从而增强射流冲击换热效果,机翼前缘的强化换热效果尤为明显。     

二次空气系统盘腔一维非定常计算方法

通过对盘腔结构的一维算法展开研究,提出适用于具有非标准结构、包含多个进出口的复杂盘腔的一维建模规则,并采用特征线法,实现盘腔结构的一维非定常流动与换热的计算,通过将广义的变截面、有摩擦、考虑对外热交换的盘腔一维可压缩非定常流动与换热的偏微分方程组转换为常微分方程组,进而获得盘腔内部沿流动方向压力、流量、温度等系统参数的特征线数值解,采用商业计算流体软件CFX对其进行验证.结果表明:所提出的盘腔建模与计算规则能够直观且准确地描述盘腔一维非定常流动及换热特征,仿真结果与CFX计算结果最大偏差约为9.4%,可应用于具有非标准结构的多接口复杂盘腔的模拟,可以作为二次空气系统盘腔结构一维非定常计算研究的有效手段.      

高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘流动与换热计算

采用混合长度模型,用共轭数值计算的方法研究了高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘、腔内的流动与换热,得到了盘、腔内的流场、温度场、转盘表面的平均努赛尔特数,并与实验结果进行了比较。计算结果显示：扩展的混合长度模型对高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘流动与换热的计算是可行的。     

直接供气预旋转静系流动和换热数值模拟

采用CFD商业软件FLUENT分别从维度模型和湍流模型两个角度对接近真实的高压涡轮旋转盘腔进行数值模拟,研究了一种直接供气预旋转静系旋转盘腔模型内的流动和换热特性.通过计算研究发现:低位腔内的流动仅由中心入流控制,二维计算不能反映高位腔内中心入流与预旋入流的掺混;二维和三维计算所得的腔内压力分布相似,实验值介于两者之间;主盘面的换热主要受中心入流控制,二维和三维计算差别不大,Realizable k-ε湍流模型在定性和定量上均能更好地反映换热实验结果.      

中心进气旋转盘流动与换热的数值研究

本文采用混合长度模型及共轭计算的方法对中心进气转静系旋转盘、腔内的流动与换热进行了数值计算, 并与实验结果进行了比较, 证明混合长度模型对转静系旋转盘、腔的流动与换热的计算是可行的。计算结果显示: 冲击区努赛尔特数最大值不在驻点, 而是偏离驻点一段距离; 随着转速和冷气流量的增加, 盘面换热总体加强。      

CC型原表面换热器通道内流动与换热特性的数值研究北大核心

交错波纹板(CC)型换热器具有结构紧凑、换热效率高等特点,可满足间冷回热循环涡扇发动机对间冷器的要求。数值研究了CC型原表面通道内三维流动及换热特性,探究了上下波纹板交错角(θ)及雷诺数(Re)对流动损失的影响,表明阻力系数f随θ的增大而增大。详细研究了θ为90°时波纹板通道流动损失及换热特性,表明努赛尔数(Nu)随Re的增大而增大。θ为90°时,f、Nu的数值计算结果与文献结果较为接近。     

涡轮机匣壁面换热特性的数值计算

为了研究涡轮机匣的换热特性,采用分段计算技术,各段连接为耦合连接,对某型涡轮机匣模型进行数值模拟,减小了计算复杂结构的难度,详细分析了机匣流动区域的流动特性和壁面的换热特性。结果表明:孔出流对壁面有很强的冲击作用,导致冲击区壁面换热系数很大;腔内气流流动情况复杂,具有复杂的漩涡结构;气流涡作用于壁面,增强壁面局部换热,换热系数增大;计算结果与实验结果吻合很好,定性地反映了机匣的流动和换热特性。     

涡扇发动机涡轮空气系统流动和传热性能的CFD分析

以典型的小型涡轮风扇发动机的涡轮空气系统为研究对象,用数值计算的方法研究了包括高低压涡轮盘腔、导向器内腔、轴承腔和相连的冷却气路在内的流动和传热特性.所研究的是一个多腔相连的多进口、多出口流动与传热问题,在研究中采用了流体域和固体域整体建模耦合计算的方法.根据计算结果,分析了结构参数和气动参数对该系统,尤其是其中轴承腔的温度分布的影响规律,提出了降低轴承腔温度的措施,并分析了各项措施的降温效果.充分展示了数值计算仿真在发动机空气系统分析方面的潜力.      

燃气轮机一次表面换热器换热性能计算分析

针对直通道逆流型和45°叉流型两种结构形式的、适用于燃气轮机的一次表面换热器在大雷诺数工况下的流动换热特性,开展了数值模拟研究。将直通道逆流型换热器的数值计算结果与换热器校核计算结果进行了比对,发现两者结果较为吻合。同时还对比分析了两种结构形式对一次表面换热器流动换热性能的影响。结果表明,由于波纹板呈45°交替放置,45°叉流换热器内部流动复杂,局部存在明显的涡流强化换热,气体流动通道内的速度、温度分布极不均匀;此外,45°叉流换热器的换热性能强于直通道逆流换热器,但其冷热两侧压降也大幅增大。通过分析换热器的内部流动换热特点和主要性能参数,为一次表面换热器芯体优化设计提供了依据。     

有去旋进气共转盘腔内流动换热数值模拟

对左边转盘高位带去旋孔且附有内隔片的共转盘腔内的流动和换热进行了数值模拟.揭示了去旋角、旋转雷诺数、去旋喷嘴进气无量纲流量系数等参数对共转盘腔内的流动结构、压力损失和换热效果的影响.结果表明:盘腔内的总压降随无量纲流量系数的增加呈"S"形变化趋势;旋转雷诺数和冷气无量纲流量系数的增大都能增强转盘表面的换热效果;与预旋转静盘腔相比,去旋进气共转盘腔能使出口气流温度更低,冷却效果更好.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.