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挠性航天器大角度机动的变结构控制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
考虑刚性主体上带有挠性梁的航天器 ,在建立挠性系统动力学模型的基础上 ,采用等速趋近率的滑模变结构控制策略进行大角度机动控制 ,并通过最优控制理论设计弹性稳态器 ,抑制由于刚体运动而激发的弹性振动 ,实现了旋转机动的同时 ,有效抑制弹性振动 相似文献
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Space vehicles are often characterized by highly flexible appendages, with low natural frequencies which can generate coupling phenomena during orbital maneuvering. The stability and delay margins of the controlled system are deeply affected by the presence of bodies with different elastic properties, assembled to form a complex multibody system. As a consequence, unstable behavior can arise. In this paper the problem is first faced from a numerical point of view, developing accurate multibody mathematical models, as well as relevant navigation and control algorithms. One of the main causes of instability is identified with the unavoidable presence of time delays in the GNC loop. A strategy to compensate for these delays is elaborated and tested using the simulation tool, and finally validated by means of a free floating platform, replicating the flexible spacecraft attitude dynamics (single axis rotation). The platform is equipped with thrusters commanded according to the on–off modulation of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control law. The LQR is based on the estimate of the full state vector, i.e. including both rigid – attitude – and elastic variables, that is possible thanks to the on line measurement of the flexible displacements, realized by processing the images acquired by a dedicated camera. The accurate mathematical model of the system and the rigid and elastic measurements enable a prediction of the state, so that the control is evaluated taking the predicted state relevant to a delayed time into account. Both the simulations and the experimental campaign demonstrate that by compensating in this way the time delay, the instability is eliminated, and the maneuver is performed accurately. 相似文献
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应用压电材料实现大型柔性空间结构的振动控制引起了广泛关注。针对上下表面粘贴压电层的复合层梁结构,采用高阶位移场模型,利用线性热压电本构关系和Hamilton原理导出了层梁结构的高阶有限元模型。电势和温度沿厚度方向的分布均采用线性模型。采用常增益速度负反馈控制、Lyapunov反馈控制和基于独立模态的线性二次型调节器(LQR)设计主动控制器,实现了层梁结构脉冲激励和热载荷作用下的振动主动控制。仿真结果表明,LQR方法更能有效的实现结构振动控制,其振动衰减时间较短,作动器峰值电压更低,但不能消除热载荷引起的结构静变形。 相似文献
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针对高超声速飞行器(HSV)再入过程中强非线性、强耦合、气动参数变化剧烈的不确定性的特点,提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和自抗扰控制(ADRC)的高超声速飞行器再入段的姿态控制方法。首先,建立高超声速飞行器再入段线性化模型,并采用LQR方法完成了状态反馈控制律设计。然后,结合自抗扰控制技术,设计了扩张状态观测器(ESO)对系统的模型不确定性和外部干扰进行补偿,大幅增强了系统的扰动抑制能力。最后,将得到的高超声速飞行器再入段LQR自抗扰姿态控制器(LQRADRC)应用于高超声速飞行器六自由度仿真,仿真结果表明本文所提出的控制方法能够快速、精确地跟踪角位置指令,并且对系统不确定性具有强鲁棒性。 相似文献
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针对刚柔耦合空间机械臂动力学建模中对柔性体采用的传统描述方法(有限元法、模态综合法以及集中参数法等)并不足以精确描述柔性大变形的问题,采用绝对节点坐标法描述柔性体,采用自然坐标法描述刚性体,建立了末端带集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂的动力学模型并且研究了机械臂的空间定位问题。结合广义α法以及工程上常用的Scaling技术,开发了计算程序,实现了动力学方程的高效精确数值求解。针对机械臂的空间定位以及柔性变形问题,提出了一种运动规划方案,采用PD控制策略,实现了机械臂的运动跟踪控制;仿真结果表明:提出的运动规划方案能有效地减弱机械臂的柔性变形。 相似文献
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This work introduces a novel control algorithm for close proximity multiple spacecraft autonomous maneuvers, based on hybrid linear quadratic regulator/artificial potential function (LQR/APF), for applications including autonomous docking, on-orbit assembly and spacecraft servicing. Both theoretical developments and experimental validation of the proposed approach are presented. Fuel consumption is sub-optimized in real-time through re-computation of the LQR at each sample time, while performing collision avoidance through the APF and a high level decisional logic. The underlying LQR/APF controller is integrated with a customized wall-following technique and a decisional logic, overcoming problems such as local minima. The algorithm is experimentally tested on a four spacecraft simulators test bed at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. The metrics to evaluate the control algorithm are: autonomy of the system in making decisions, successful completion of the maneuver, required time, and propellant consumption. 相似文献
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针对狭小空间内的在轨维修操作,提出了一种基于受限空间可操作度优化的刚柔混合双臂协调轨迹规划方法。根据绳驱柔性臂的结构特性对其进行运动学等效,并完成了刚柔混合双臂等效运动学模型的建立,得到基座漂浮状态下的广义雅可比矩阵以及对应的零空间投影矩阵。以任务操作方向上的可操作度为优化指标,通过零空间投影矩阵建立优化函数方程;同时基于分解运动速度控制,通过广义雅可比矩阵实现末端速度空间到关节速度空间的映射,实现了混合双臂抓持-操作目标的同步运动控制。最后,开发了基于联合仿真软件的混合双臂联合仿真系统,仿真结果验证了上述方法的有效性。 相似文献
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带挠性附件的航天器系统动力学特性研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
本文研究了带挠性附件的航天器系统动力学特性。带挠性附件的航天器系统建模为刚性主体带挠性附件(挠性附件的末端带有刚性质量),根据拟坐标下的Lagrange定理建立了主刚体姿态运动与挠性附件振动相互耦合的动力学状态方程。针对一类带挠性附件的航天器系统编制了有关计算软件,利用该软件以SCOLE模型(SCOLE是SpacecraftControlLaborato-ryExperiment的缩写,其系统构形可参见文献[2][3])为例进行动力学分析,我们得到了与NASA有关报告几乎完全一样的结果。本项研究为一类带挠性附件的航天器控制系统设计提供了一种合适的动力学理论模型。 相似文献
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带挠性附件卫星的模型化及截断 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文给出了具有中心刚体和P个挠性附件的空间飞行器姿态动力学方程式,并用约束和非约束两种模态展开,得到时域求解的状态方程式和频域中的增广姿态角对控制力矩的逆传递函数阵。推导中考虑了挠性附件对中心刚体的相对运动。本文还给出了两种模态恒等式,其中之一可用来做控制系统分析时截断高阶方程式的截断准则。 相似文献
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研究了一类柔性宏刚性微空间机器人广义高效递推动力学建模算法。介绍了利用空间 算子代数进行对刚柔混合欠驱动系统的描述方法。根据系统中铰链的驱动情况分别对铰链定 义 为主动铰和被动铰,通过铰链的类型以及判断是刚性体或者柔性体,分别按照两次从系统的 顶端到基座的顺序、一次从基座到顶端的顺序进行了系统铰接体惯量的递推、系统冗余力的 递推、广义加速度和广义主动力的递推。通过上述三种方式的递推过程建立了柔性宏刚性微 空间机器人广义递推动力学模型,实现了高效率O(n)次的计算效率。最后通过软 件仿真验证了本研究内容的正确性和高效性。
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一种基于当地流活塞理论的超音速导弹气动伺服弹性分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用当地流活塞理论计算导弹的非定常气动力,在状态空间内实现了气动弹性系统与控制系统的耦合,并进行了时域分析。对某典型导弹的气动伺服弹性问题算例,计算了不同马赫数、不同迎角以及不同的传感器安装位置对导弹气动伺服弹性特性的影响,同时考察了控制系统的引入对不同刚度弹体气动伺服弹性特性的影响。算例结果与理论分析相吻合,表明该方法能简便的对全机、全弹复杂外形的气动伺服弹性正问题进行高效准确的分析,在较大范围的马赫数和迎角内都能得到可靠的结果。 相似文献
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Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity. 相似文献
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