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The US Air Force NiH2 LEO (low earth orbit) life test consists of 200 cells undergoing real-time LEO cycling, pulse discharge testing, and storage testing. To date, three of the program's four objectives have been met: NiH2 performance in LEO applications has been demonstrated. A significant number of cells have completed more than 20,000 cycles at 40% DOD. A database for cells of both 3.5 in. and 4.5 in. diameter has been generated. There have been no indications of any performance problems related to scaling up in terms of cell size. Initial data on the pulse discharge performance of a small number of cells has been demonstrated. Concerning the goal of achieving 20,000 cycles at 60% DOD, the data are mixed. Overall, it appears highly unlikely that cell designs such as those currently in the US Air Force test can achieve 20,000 cycles at 60% 相似文献
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基于飞参数据的航空发动机三循环谱编制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据转速谱压缩原理,可以将航空发动机众多的转速循环类型归类到三个典型循环,即0-最大-0、慢车-最大-慢车和巡航-最大-巡航当中。本文给出了三循环谱编制的原理、程序统计方法与步骤。该方法已在某型发动机载荷谱监控系统中得到成功应用。 相似文献
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Mausumi Dikpati 《Space Science Reviews》2013,176(1-4):279-287
Solar cycle 23 behaved differently than cycle 22 in many ways. Certain properties, namely the long minimum at the end of cycle 23, weakening of polar fields, shrinking of polar coronal holes, reduction in the terrestrial atmospheric neutral density layer, have been identified as unusual compared to several past cycles. The origin of these differences most likely lies in the ways the dynamo has operated that led to distinctly different generation and evolution of the large-scale magnetic fields in cycles 22 and 23. Certain differences in the properties of Galactic-Cosmic Rays during cycles 22 and 23 have recently been explained by the differences in evolutionary pattern of coronal holes, which are linked to the dynamo-generated large-scale magnetic fields. In this paper, I will discuss the differences in the solar interior dynamics, particularly the properties of flow fields and their influence in governing the evolution of dynamo-generated magnetic fields during cycles 22 and 23, respectively. 相似文献
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Nickel-zinc battery technology is being developed for commercial applications requiring high energy density and high power capability. Development cells have demonstrated the ability to deliver over 60 Watt-hours per kilogram at the one hour rate. Cycle life has been improved to more than 600 cycles at 80% depth of discharge by using a patented, reduced solubility zinc electrode and an improved sealed cell design. More than 8000 charge/discharge cycles at 10% depth-of-discharge have been completed. Large quantities of sealed prismatic cells have been manufactured, including a 140 cell, 220 V battery for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) 相似文献
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冷变形TiNi合金的显微组织及超弹性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用透射电镜观察不同温度下的拉伸试验,研究了冷变形量22%的Ti-49.8%Ni(原子分数)合金的显微组织及线性超弹性行为。透射电镜观察发现,Ti-49.8%Ni(原子分数)合金经较大冷变形量变形后,其显微组织为细小片状且高度形变的马氏体。研究表明,冷变形Ti-49.8%Ni(原子分数)合金经一定次数应力-应变循环处理后可获得完全的线性超弹性,出现线性超弹性的温度区间与冷变形TiNi合金的As点有 相似文献
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Walter D. Gonzalez Ezequiel Echer Bruce T. Tsurutani Alicia L. Clúa de Gonzalez Alisson Dal Lago 《Space Science Reviews》2011,158(1):69-89
We present a review on the interplanetary causes of intense geomagnetic storms (Dst≤−100 nT), that occurred during solar cycle 23 (1997–2005). It was reported that the most common interplanetary structures
leading to the development of intense storms were: magnetic clouds, sheath fields, sheath fields followed by a magnetic cloud
and corotating interaction regions at the leading fronts of high speed streams. However, the relative importance of each of
those driving structures has been shown to vary with the solar cycle phase. Superintense storms (Dst≤−250 nT) have been also studied in more detail for solar cycle 23, confirming initial studies done about their main interplanetary
causes. The storms are associated with magnetic clouds and sheath fields following interplanetary shocks, although they frequently
involve consecutive and complex ICME structures. Concerning extreme storms (Dst≤−400 nT), due to the poor statistics of their occurrence during the space era, only some indications about their main interplanetary
causes are known. For the most extreme events, we review the Carrington event and also discuss the distribution of historical
and space era extreme events in the context of the sunspot and Gleissberg solar activity cycles, highlighting a discussion
about the eventual occurrence of more Carrington-type storms. 相似文献
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利用热力学第二定律分析了布雷顿、逆布雷顿循环组成的联合循环,得出了联合循环各部分的(火用)损失及系统的(火用)效率表达式,确定了循环中(火用)损失最大的位置,并由数值计算分析了各种参数对联合循环(火用)效率和其他特性的影响. 相似文献
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美国下一代深空网发展计划探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为适应未来美国深空探测的任务,此前美国NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,国家航空航天局)对它的深空网发展的技术现状与能力进行了评估,梳理出了它们在未来深空任务中上下行通信速率需求,从而制定了美国下一代深空网的发展战略.针对此战略,梳理分析了美国深空网近年在深空通信导航领域开展的多项重大技术革新与演示验证试验,并从中剖析总结出了它的下一步的技术发展路线,期冀为我国深空测控网技术发展策略的制定提供参考. 相似文献
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航空发动机载荷谱雨流计数的一种改进算法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了一种新的雨流计数法。该计数法按时间顺序计算载荷循环,能完整记录全部载荷历程而不改变其大小和顺序,弥补了常朋雨流计数法的缺陷;而且该算法精确度高,抗随机噪声干扰能力强,使得载荷谱分析更加准确。 相似文献
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应用基于压电超声疲劳试验技术开发的20kHz弯曲疲劳试验系统,完成了室温下TC17合金超高周疲劳试验.结果表明:在疲劳循环大于107周次时,试样仍会发生疲劳断裂,疲劳强度随循环次数的增加而下降,并不存在明显的疲劳极限.TC17合金的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线在107~109周次的范围内为连续下降型.光学显微镜发现,TC17合金的疲劳破坏主要起源于试样表面.当存在夹杂物时,疲劳裂纹从距离表面很近的夹杂物处萌生,能谱分析表明夹杂物的成分主要是铝的氧化物. 相似文献
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临近空间由于其在现代战争中的重要战略意义已成为各国航空航天领域的研究重点,高超声速飞行器更是国家临近空间军事实力的一个重要标志。由于吸气式高超声速飞行器具有较高的飞行高度与马赫数,预冷技术已成为高超声速飞行器推进系统中的一项关键技术,而高性能预冷器设计是预冷技术的一个重要研究方向,预冷器的可靠性与流动传热特性是预冷系统的重要影响参数,对于紧凑、高效、高可靠性先进预冷器的研究具有十分重要的意义。基于目前公开的临近空间高超声速飞行器的主要动力形式及其对预冷技术的刚性需求,对预冷器设计中的关键技术与发展方向做了详细的阐述。 相似文献
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Abella Lorenzo J. Hollinger M. Bruce 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1984,(4):465-485
The announcement last summer of the establishment of the U. S. Navy Space Command, and its subsequent activation at Dahlgren, Va., in October 1983, may have come as a surprise to some. This, however, was the latest of a series of actions taken by the Department of the Navy over the last several years to consolidate the Navy's space efforts. In fact, since the beginning of the Space Age, the Navy has been interested in space and involved in space-related activities. Its contributions in space science and technology have been significant. Driven by a realization that space assets are exceptionally well matched to its global mission, the Navy has become a major user of space. Primary areas of current activity include command, control, and communication and navigation and collection of environmental information. The Navy's operational use of space systems, the nature of the evolving Soviet threat (both air and space) directed in a large measure at U. S. naval targets, and the recent advances made in space technology, all argue for an increased level of Navy involvement in future Department of Defense space activities to secure Navy interests. As viewed by Navy decision-makers, this increased level of involvement will be selective in nature, emphasizing space research and development and operations that are considered vital to Navy interests. 相似文献
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Ni-7.3%Si-2.2%B合金快淬组织与深过冷快凝机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用B_2O_3玻璃和纯循环过热净化相结合的方法去除液态金属中的异质晶核,使液态Ni-7.3%Si-2.2%B合金获得了330K的过冷度。对比分析了该合金在低温基板上的快淬薄片与大体积深过冷试样的微观组织。借助计算机和红外测温系统,快速采集了熔体的再辉过程。数据处理发现,在深过冷液态金属的整个再辉区间,温度的上升速率呈瞬态变化特征,再辉时间随初始过冷度的提高而减小。最后,由再辉曲线确定出深过冷液态金属再辉过程中的固相分数与时间以及凝固速度与瞬时过冷度的关系。 相似文献
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卅年来,固体火箭发动机一直是航天推进领域的支柱之一.由于它具有成本低、可靠性高、现实性强等特点,在各种航天推进系统,特别是运载火箭助推器、空间发动机和分离、逃逸发动机中得到广泛应用.本文详述国外航天用固体火箭发动机的发展历程、应用背景和发展前景. 相似文献
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本文介绍了美国第24届联合推进会议关于航天和导弹用吸气式发动机方面的情况,主要内容有航天飞机用吸气式发动机及其组合,其中包括反物质推进和激光-电子冲压发动机;超声速飞机发动机;吸气式发动机在高速战术导弹上的应用等,说明了吸气式发动机的发展前景. 相似文献
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Gan Zhengtao Yu Gang Li Shaoxia He Xiuli Chen Ru Zheng Caiyun Ning Weijian 《中国航空学报》2016,(4):1018-1026
Laser heating technology is a type of potential and attractive space heat flux simulation technology, which is characterized by high heating rate, controlled spatial intensity distribution and rapid response. However, the controlled plant is nonlinear, time-varying and uncertainty when implementing the laser-based heat flux simulation. In this paper, a novel intelligent adaptive controller based on proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) type fuzzy logic is proposed to improve the performance of laser-based ground thermal test. The temperature range of thermal cycles is more than 200 K in many instances. In order to improve the adaptability of controller,output scaling factors are real time adjusted while the thermal test is underway. The initial values of scaling factors are optimized using a stochastic hybrid particle swarm optimization(H-PSO)algorithm. A validating system has been established in the laboratory. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated through extensive experiments under different operating conditions(reference and load disturbance). The results show that the proposed adaptive controller performs remarkably better compared to the conventional PID(PID) controller and the conventional PID type fuzzy(F-PID) controller considering performance indicators of overshoot, settling time and steady state error for laser-based ground thermal test. It is a reliable tool for effective temperature control of laser-based ground thermal test. 相似文献