定向耦合器在天线隔离度测试中的应用

飞机机载天线之间可能会因电磁能量互相耦合而产生电磁干扰,天线隔离度测试是验证机载天线布局设计的重要手段之一。根据定向耦合器性能参数定义,通过测量定向耦合器耦合端口和隔离端口的功率值计算出发射天线的净输入功率和接收天线的净输出功率,从而得到天线隔离度。通过机上测试,这种隔离度测试方法简便快捷、稳定可靠,试验结果准确有效。     

空间大型星载抛物面天线研究进展

抛物面天线作为星载天线的重要组成部分,在深空探测、移动通信、国防事业、气象监测等方面均具有广泛应用,近年来随着上述学科的快速发展,抛物面天线的研究也越来越受到人们的重视。针对空间大型星载抛物面天线的发展与需求,首先系统地概括了国外星载抛物球面天线的发展现状,综述了刚性、网状以及充气式星载抛物球面天线,对各类星载抛物球面天线的结构、性能进行了较为详细的描述和分析,对国内在该领域的部分研究成果进行了简述。然后梳理了星载抛物柱面天线的发展,对国内外具有代表性的抛物柱面天线进行了介绍,对抛物球面天线和抛物柱面天线进行了参数对比与分析。接下来对近年来针对星载抛物面天线的相关技术进行了介绍。最后对星载抛物面天线的发展趋势做了简要分析与预测。     

民用飞机甚高频通信天线设计

作为民用飞机甚高频(Very High Frequency,以下简称VHF)通信系统的重要组成部分,VHF通信天线不仅辐射和接收电磁波,还要进行能量转换。VHF通信天线的设计直接影响通信中射频能量的分布,进而影响通信质量和飞行安全。简要介绍了VHF通信系统,并在给出VHF通信天线设计要求的基础上,通过工程实例分析了VHF通信天线的设计过程,最后总结了VHF通信天线设计的特点。     

Atmospheric Distortion of Signals Originating from Space Sources

The phasefront distortion imposed on space signals by fine-grained refractivity variations of the atmosphere is an important consideration in the design of large-aperture antennas, antenna arrays, antenna systems for measuring spacecraft position and position-rate, and radioastronomy systems. The distortion caused by ionospheric and tropospheric refractivity variations imposes fundamental limitations on the capabilities of these antennas and antenna systems, particularly on systems which must operate at low elevation angles. The purpose of this paper is to present numerical estimates of distortion imposed on signals passing through the atmosphere. Atmospheric models based on available literature are selected for this purpose.     

Mechanism for assembling antenna in space

The development of large and precise space antennas is one of the most important topics in constructing space infrastructures. We evaluated an approach to assembling large and accurate space antennas which uses space robots. The assembly mechanism was launched together with the ETS-VII, the first telerobotic satellite from Japan, and its performance, including fully automatic assembling, was verified. The assembling-type antenna and the results of antenna assembly experiments are discussed     

用矩量法研究直升机高频天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应

 基于面元模型的矩量法与快速多极子方法结合分析了直升机机载高频通信天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应。通过三维计算机辅助实体建模技术,建立了一个尺度与真实直升机相当的仿真模型,实现了机体表面网格的自动剖分。应用准静态法和FFT技术,计算分析了旋转桨叶对天线辐射场幅度和频率的调制效应,还分析了桨叶旋转对天线输入导纳和互导纳的影响。计算结果表明,旋转桨叶对直升机机载天线辐射场产生了显著的影响。本方法亦适用于其它类型的直升机和其它具有旋转桨叶的载体上天线电磁特性的分析。     

The Effect of Rotating Antennas and Signal Polarization on Doppler Shift

A study is made of a transmitting antenna spinning relative to a receiving antenna, showing that the received signal undergoes a phase shift which depends upon the relative orientation and the ellipticity conditions of the two antennas. It is shown that this phase shift is important in Doppler distance measuring equipment because it must not be confused with the phase shift caused by the changing distance between the antennas.     

Performance of phased-array antennas with mechanical errors

The performance of planar phase-array antennas with mechanical errors is investigated. Errors in array element positions as a result of structural distortions are considered as deterministic and predictable. Detailed calculations for two assumed modes of distortion reveal that their effects on antenna performance are the loss of peak response in the scan direction and the broadening of the mainlobe, while the far-out sidelobe structure remains relatively intact. For large antennas, performance improvement can be expected by suitable phase compensation. Performance of antennas with random errors in their element positions must be treated statistically. Expressions of average directivity and sidelobe level corresponding to arbitrary error magnitudes in element position, amplitude and phase of excitation as well as finite rate of failure of element modules were derived and verified by direct numerical calculations from the antenna directivity patterns. For a planar phased-array antenna typical for space-based radars, the standard deviation of element position errors must not exceed 1% of the operating wavelength in order to maintain a -10 dBi sidelobe level     

飞行器共形天线新型制造工艺及应用研究进展

共形天线具有小型化、低剖面、大孔径等特点,是未来天线重点发展趋势之一,以气动一体化天线、超宽带窄波束天线为代表的共形天线成为目前飞行器天线领域的研究热点。当前共形天线的制作工艺主要包括打印、转印、激光加工等,采用合适的工艺能够实现天线的大面积共形制造。讨论了共形天线在不同飞行器载体上的优势,如打印制作的低剖面机载天线可实现战机的气动隐身一体化需求,也可满足弹载天线小型超宽带需求,柔性天线可应用于星载充气可展开天线等。在此基础上对当前共形天线存在的关键技术问题进行了阐述,并对共形天线在航空航天领域的未来发展做出了展望。     

极化滤波反射面隐身天线研究

介绍了一种极化滤波反射面天线,将天线工程中的周期结构反射面技术应用于解决飞行器天线的RCS问题,采用由金属丝栅网构成的周期结构作为天线主反射面,使其对正交极化的来波具有良好的透射性,从而降低了天线的RCS。给出了此天线辐射方向图和雷达散射截面(RCS)的实测结果,并与普通金属反射面天线的结果进行了比较。     

Effects of RF absorbers on measurements of small antennas in smallanechoic chambers

In this work, the influence of resistive absorbers in the vicinity of small antennas was investigated, in order to define a lower limit for the size of a small anechoic chamber for antenna calibration and radiation pattern measurements, with respect to the distance between the antenna under test (AUT) and the RF absorbers lining the walls. Furthermore, the influence of a relatively narrow transmission channel, formed by the absorbers on the side walls between the measurement antenna and the AUT was investigated. It was found by measurements that absorbers with the length of 610 mm do not have a measurable effect on the radiation characteristics of a small antenna at around 1.8 GHz, as long as they are kept more than 100 mm from the AUT, and the transmission channel formed by the absorbers between the antennas is wider than 100 mm     

机载天线电磁兼容及布局分析

讨论机载天线电磁兼容及布局优化分析的数学模型。介绍了低频区、谐振区及光学区机载天线辐射场、电磁干扰余量的求解法。利用电磁干扰余量对机载天线电磁兼容（ＥＭＣ）问题进行了分析和求解,从而确定无线布局问题,给出了天线布局设计的流程图,并以机载微带共形天线为例,求解了其增益分布图和两微带天线元之间的电磁干扰余量。     

Electronically Tracking Antenna System for Satellite Reception

This correspondence describes a novel electronically tracking antenna system for satellite reception in the VHF range. The "hedgehog" antenna consists of several antennas directed in different directions to cover the whole sky. An electronic switch, controlled by the satellite receiver, connects the receiver to the antenna from which the desired satellite signal is obtained. This system is especially suitable for unmanned reliable receiving stations if an antenna gain of the order of 10 dB is enough.     

Active phased array design for high reliability

We discuss strategies for designing: active phased array antennas with high reliability. We show how to consider fault-tolerance in the design of the antenna architecture, so that replacement of failed components can be avoided for an extended period of time. First, we address the dependence of antenna life cycle cost on component failure rates. Then we discuss the design of active phased array architecture for maximizing antenna mean-time-between-failures (MTBF). The antenna MTBF is defined in terms of a specified degradation in peak sidelobe level. We present simulated data showing the effect of random, single, and clustered element failures on the peak sidelobe level of a low sidelobe antenna aperture. We use these data as a basis for analyzing various phased array architectures in terms of their antenna MTBF     

空分加时分(空时分集)通信天线的跟踪问题研究

在时分多址通信体制下,采用相扫天线是抗截获、抗干扰的最有效途径。在时分多址通信体制下解决相扫天线节点间相互跟踪和通信是关键问题。文中详细地阐述了计算补点的方法,分析了方位角、航向角、舷角与扫描跟踪角之间的关系,并给出了相应的数学模型和补点算法的过程。     

弹载天线旋转对接收信号多普勒偏差的影响

由弹体自旋产生的弹载天线的旋转是引起地面测控站多普勒测速误差的一个重要因素.根据线极化信号接收原理,对弹载天线旋转条件下接收的左旋和右旋信号多普勒偏差进行了理论推导和分析.分析结果表明：左/右旋接收信号将产生幅度相等、极性相反的多普勒偏差,多普勒偏差的均值与弹载天线旋转速率在数值上相等,多普勒偏差的方差随着目标视线与天线转轴之间夹角的增大而增大.为验证理论分析结果,开展了天线转台模拟实验,实验测量得到的多普勒偏差的均值和方差与理论分析结果基本一致.最后,根据理论分析和模拟实验结果,提出在实际任务中,可采用左旋和右旋多普勒偏差均值差的一半分别对左/右旋信号的多普勒进行补偿,以减小弹载天线旋转对测速精度的影响.     

一种可齐平安装的机载复合结构宽带天线的设计

设计了一种可齐平安装的宽带超高频(UHF)天线.该天线由含有背腔结构的盘锥天线、盘锥顶盘与地板之间的短路结构、以及多板天线3个部分复合而成.这3个部分分别在频率的中端、低端和高端产生3个邻近的独立谐振点,从而有效地展宽了天线的工作带宽.分析了天线各主要结构参数对谐振频点和阻抗带宽的影响,给出了这些参数的最优值,并据此制...     

Polarization Mismatch Errors in Radio Phase Interferometers

An analysis is presented which deals with the effects of polarization mismatch errors on the accuracy of a phase interferometer used for position location of unknown emitters relative to known calibration emitters. Closed-form expressions for the induced phase difference between interferometer antennas are derived for several combinations of receiving and transmitting antenna polarizations. Errors contributed by mechanical misalignment between antennas, as well as effects of power loss attributable to polarization mismatch, are also considered. The analysis leads to the conclusion that circularly polarized interferometer and transmitter antennas are best suited for the position location application, if it is assumed that polarization tracking of the interferometer antennas is not available. It is shown that a reasonable amount of ellipticity can be tolerated before the phase error becomes significant.     

基于VLBI的上行组阵标校技术研究

天线组阵能否完全替代大口径天线有一个关键性难题,就是天线阵是否支持上行链路组阵。深空航天器无法将不同地面天线的上行信号对齐,所以上行链路信号的调整必须在地面完成。针对上行组阵发射机相位调整问题,提出一种基于VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)技术的接收模式天线上行组阵标校方案,并对标校精度进行了简要分析。将上行链路时延分解为几何时延和发射系统时延,建立了几何时延模型,通过标定接收时延和发射时延,便可以得到天线阵元间的相位标校值。理论分析结果表明,该方案具有一定的可行性,对上行组阵相位标校的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

A Selected Bibliography on Adaptive Antenna Arrays

An adaptive antenna array is defined as an antenna array whose output is the weighted sum of the signals received at the antennas, with signal-dependent automatic adjustment of the weights to optimize some criterion. This open-literature bibliography of papers on the subject is intended to provide a brief overview of the field, and the authors involved, up to the end of 1985. Papers are listed both by subject area and by sole/primary/secondary author.