Infrared telescope in space: IRTS

The IRTS is a first Japanese infrared satellite mission which will be launched on February of 1995 by HII rocket. The IRTS is one of the mission experiments aboard the small space platform, SFU. The telescope aperture of the IRTS is 15cm, but is cooled by liquid Helium to realize very low background condition. Four instruments are installed on the focal plane which cover wide wavelengths from near infrared to submillimeter regions. The IRTS is optimized to observe the diffuse extended emission, and will survey about 10% of the sky in 20 days of mission life. The IRTS will provide significant information on cosmology, interstellar matter, late type stars, and interplanetary dust.     

AGATE: A high energy gamma-ray telescope using drift chambers

The exciting results from the highly successful Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has contributed significantly to increasing our understanding of high energy gamma-ray astronomy. A follow-on mission to EGRET is needed to continue these scientific advances as well as to address the several new scientific questions raised by EGRET. Here we describe the work being done on the development of the Advanced Gamma-Ray Astronomy Telescope Experiment (AGATE), visualized as the successor to EGRET. In order to achieve the scientific goals, AGATE will have higher sensitivity than EGRET in the energy range 30 MeV to 30 GeV, larger effective area, better angular resolution, and an extended low and high energy range. In its design, AGATE will follow the tradition of the earlier gamma-ray telescopes, SAS-2, COS B, and EGRET, and will have the same four basic components of an anticoincidence system, directional coincidence system, track imaging, and energy measurement systems. However, due to its much larger size, AGATE will use drift chambers as its track imaging system rather than the spark chambers used by EGRET. Drift chambers are an obvious choice as they have less deadtime per event, better spatial resolution, and are relatively easy and inexpensive to build. Drift chambers have low power requirements, so that many layers of drift chambers can be included. To test the feasibility of using drift chambers, we have constructed a prototype instrument consisting of a stack of sixteen 1/2m × 1/2m drift chambers and have measured the spatial resolution using atmospheric muons. The results on the drift chamber performance in the laboratory are presented here.     

Stereoscopic measurements of the Čerenkov radiation produced by TEV gamma rays

Current approaches to the identification of VHE gamma rays using stereo images of erenkov light flashes are reviewed. The method of analysis developed by the University of Durham group involving a measure of cascade development is described. This method is applied to observations of a burst of VHE gamma rays from AE Aqr and enhancement of the gamma ray signal is demonstrated.     

The effect of realistic surface properties on low temperature space observatories

We highlight the effect on space-telescope temperatures of thedirectionality of the radiative properties of materials, by showing results from a Monte-Carlo simulation of telescope cooling. The need for further measurements of directional properties is stressed.     

Numerical simulation of fluid-thermal-structural coupling characteristics of stratospheric non-rigid airship

The voluminous stratospheric non-rigid airship is very sensitive to the external thermal environment.The temperature change of internal gas caused by the variation in the external ther-mal environment and wind speed will lead to a change in the shape and buoyancy of the airship,thereby affecting its flight control.The traditional static analysis method is difficult to accurately reflect this fluid-thermal-structural coupling process.In this paper,the iterative analysis method was established for the fluid-thermal-structural coupling effect of stratospheric non-rigid airship based on the models of fluid,thermal,and structural deformation.Considering the load such as the internal thermal effect and external flow field of the airship,the simulation of the thermo-induced structural deformation effect was conducted using Fluent and Abaqus software.The influ-ence of local time and external wind speed on the structural deformation,volume,and equilibrium altitude of the airship was analyzed.The results demonstrate that,at low wind speed,the influence of aerodynamic pressure on the deformation of the airship is negligible.However,a great amount of heat is carried away by the wind,then the structural deformation caused by internal and external pressure difference is alleviated and the equilibrium altitude of the airship change obviously.This can serve as a guideline for the design and flight test of the long-endurance stratospheric non-rigid airship.     

Dryden型大气紊流对平流层飞艇能量最优轨迹影响

研究了常值风场作用下平流层飞艇的上升段轨迹优化和大气紊流对最优轨迹的影响问题。首先基于平流层飞艇的受力分析,建立了考虑常值风场、地球自转和飞艇质量变化等诸多因素的三自由度动力学模型,处理参数得到归一化的系统方程;其次采用直接配点法将平流层飞艇的最优轨迹问题转换为非线性规划问题,以最小能量为目标函数,给出非线性规划问题的求解策略,优化得出可行解后对飞艇的最优上升轨迹及相应的加速度项进行了分析,将优化的控制量代入微分方程验证了优化轨迹的准确性;最后加入Dryden型大气紊流的干扰,选取多组大气紊流干扰下的数据进行对比分析,仿真结果表明大气紊流叠加风场均值与飞艇终端位置误差存在一定规律,分析并提出了平流层飞艇抵御大气紊流干扰的策略。     

粉末气溶胶抑制热喷流红外辐射特性实验

1引言任何绝对温度高于0K的物体都能产生波长介于可见光和微波之间的0.76~1000μm的红外波。红外波在大气中传播时,会因各种气体分子和悬浮微粒的吸收与散射作用而衰减,理论上称之为消光特性。粉末气溶胶就是由大气与悬浮在其中的固体微粒共同组成的多相体系。当红外线穿过到气     

Optics of the far infra-red and submillimetre space telescope

Some of the considerations in the design of the telescope for FIRST are discussed. It is pointed out that instruments that operate at submillimetre wavelengths need to be analyzed with techniques derived from both the Radio and Optical/IR traditions. The issue of emissivity of reflector surfaces is also discussed.     

冷却抑制二元收扩喷管红外特征的模型实验与数值研究

为研究二元收扩喷管排气系统的红外特征及其采取冷却措施后的红外抑制效果,设计了带有冷却结构的喷管实验模型,测量了3组实验状态下的喷管壁面温度和红外辐射强度分布,分析了喷管腔体内各部件的辐射贡献大小。研究结果表明:二元收扩喷管排气系统的积分辐射强度在0°方向上最大,并且随着角度的增大而减小;扩张板的壁面温度下降21.1%,侧壁的壁面温度下降26.6%,可使积分辐射强度降低11.5%~31.9%;在扩张段冷却的基础上,中心锥的壁面温度下降9%,可使积分辐射强度降低21.7%~38.9%。     

Progress in helicopter infrared signature suppression

Due to their low-attitude and relatively low-speed fight profiles, helicopters are subjected to serious threats from radio, infrared(IR), visual, and aural detection and tracking. Among these threats, infrared detection and tracking are regarded as more crucial for the survivability of helicopters. In order to meet the requirements of infrared stealth, several different types of infrared suppressor(IRS) for helicopters have been developed. This paper reviews contemporary developments in this discipline, with particular emphasis on infrared signature suppression, advances in mixer-ejectors and prediction for helicopters. In addition, several remaining challenges, such as advanced IRS, emissivity optimization technique, helicopter infrared characterization, etc., are proposed, as an initial guide and stimulation for future research. In the future, the comprehensive infrared suppression in the 3–5 lm and 8–14 lm bands will doubtfully become the emphasis of helicopter stealth. Multidisciplinary optimization of a complete infrared suppression system deserves further investigation.     

弹用航空发动机尾喷流红外抑制技术研究

详细介绍了弹用航空发动机红外抑制技术开展的一系列试验和数值分析。这些工作均取得了较好的结果,为今后此项技术的进一步深入研究直至工程应用打下了良好的基础。     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

CAM后置处理研究

分析了数控加工后置处理技术的特征、面临的问题和当前的发展趋势,介绍了应用通用后置处理器开发定制专用后置处理器的实践。     

再入目标红外特性分析及红外特性材料研究

本文分析了再入目标的红外辐射特性及主要影响因素，认为：表征再入目标辐射强弱的物理量主要为再入目标的表面温度、表面积和发射率；表征再入目标材料红外辐射能力的物理量为辐射率（发射率）。进而探讨了高红外发射率材料，认为：几种化合物混合烧结后可在一段连续波段提高材料的红外发射率。     

一种抑制超声速气流红外辐射的新途径

试验测定了波反馈装置对高温超声速射流的激励效果。主喷管喉道直径为３５ ｍ ｍ ,进口总温和总压分别为８００ Ｋ及２７４．４ ｋＰａ。结果表明,影响激励效果的主要几何参数有锥形反射器的扩张角、反射器母线长度和反射器与主喷管的相对位置。当扩张半角为４５°, 母线长度为４０ｍ ｍ 以及锥形反射器起始截面与主喷管出口齐平时, 激励效果最好, 在Ｘ／Ｄ＝ ６～８ 范围内, 激励后的轴心温度可降低约１２０ Ｋ, 并可望使超声速喷气流的红外辐射强度降低约４０％ ～４５％ 。     

Variation of Polar Coronal Hole Profiles with Solar Cycle

We compared the H I Lyα polar coronal hole profiles obtained during the three Spartan 201 flights (in 1993, 1994, and 1995) and during the more recent UVCS/SOHO mission. We found that at 2.1 R_⊙ there are no significant variations of the line shape over the several years of the descending phase of the solar cycle. However, there may be some evidence for the 1.8 R_⊙ profiles being broader towards solar minimum. The profiles at 2.1 R_⊙ are different from profiles obtained at 1.8 R_⊙; they have clearly narrower cores and wide wings. We fitted the profiles with single and/or multiple Gaussian functions and calculated their typical 1/e half widths. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

典型过失速机动运动规律建模研究

对典型过失速机动的运动特性进行了分析,根据其运动特点将过失速机动的运动过程分解为定直飞行、快速俯仰和绕速度矢量旋转三种基本运动的组合。选取基本运动的关键参数,并针对关键参数建立过失速机动的运动模型。模型计算结果和飞行仿真结果的比较表明,所建立的运动模型在过失速机动中的应用是可行的。