应用总应变-应变能区分法预测热机械疲劳寿命

简要介绍了总应变-应变能区分法(TS-SEP)的基本假设和基本方程,应用TS-SEP法对三种金属材料(304不锈钢、1Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢和2.25Cr-1Mo钢)的热机械疲劳试验数据进行了分析和预测,初步评估了TS-SEP法对热机械疲劳数据的相关和预测能力。研究结果表明:TS-SEP法与总应变-应变范围区分法(TS-SRP),对三种金属材料的热机械疲劳试验数据具有相当的相关和预测能力,寿命预测分散带均在2倍范围内。     

SEP数值法在寿命预测中的应用

 为了预测精密构件如涡轮盘材料的蠕变-疲劳寿命,经实践证明应变能区分法（SEP）优于应变范围区分法（SRP）,特别是对高强度低延性材料,SEP的优越性更明显。     

一种修正的应变范围区分法

针对高强度、低延性材料非弹性应变范围小、难以区分的特点,提出一种修正的应变范围区分方法。该方法不区分非弹性应变中的塑性和蠕变,定义了3种基本类型的非弹性应变范围,即拉伸塑性-压缩塑性非弹性应变范围、拉伸塑性和蠕变-压缩塑性非弹性应变范围和拉伸塑性-压缩塑性和蠕变非弹性应变范围。对同时包含拉/压蠕变的循环,采用线性累积损伤法则预测其寿命。用Rene’95材料650℃下控制应变的循环松弛试验数据对修正方法进行了验证,结果表明:对Rene’95材料的蠕变疲劳寿命,修正方法的预测能力好于应变范围区分法(SRP),对基本试验的寿命预测精度基本上在2倍范围之内。      

高性能玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉-压疲劳行为

对LTX1240玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料开展拉-压疲劳试验,绘制S-N曲线进行疲劳寿命预测,利用扫描电镜观察疲劳试样断口形貌,分析其在拉-压循环载荷作用下的失效模式。结果表明:LTX1240玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的条件疲劳极限为278 MPa;失效过程为树脂基体最先破坏,接着界面分层乃至纤维拉伸、剪切破坏,它们相互作用形成了弥散损伤区并据此扩展发生材料断裂。     

拉胀泡沫材料力学性能

总结了拉胀泡沫材料的制备工艺,综述了近年来国内外对其力学性能的实验研究和理论描述,重点探讨了基于不同变形机制的理论模型在预测拉胀泡沫材料的弹性性能方面的优劣以及拉胀泡沫材料的优越性能,并在此基础上展望了其潜在的应用.     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢拉扭加载应变疲劳寿命的研究

1.实验方法 试样为空心薄壁圆筒(图1),材料为30CrMnSiNi2A。实验在北京科技大学力学测试中心的MTS809型电液伺服疲劳试验机上进行。将拉扭引伸仪装卡在试样上,采用对称的闭环应变控制,拉压轴向线应变比R_g=—1,扭转剪应变比R_γ=—1,拉扭同相加载,采用     

优化计算在蠕变-疲劳寿命预测中的应用

对于 CP 型蠕变疲劳试验寿命预测,作者提出一种数值方法,即,为了获得预测方程 N~(-1)=((σ_T·△ε_γ)~(x_2))/X_1+((σ_T·△ε_c)~(x_3))/X_4的参数 x_i(i=1,4),应用参数的优化方法。这样,不仅节省试验成本和简化试验程序,而且计算结果表明,在预测精度和预测能力上,SEP 的数值方法优于现行的 SEP 法。     

热疲劳-蠕变寿命的能量损伤理论

本文对发动机热部件在高温下工作寿命大大降低的问题, 提出一种温度对材料应变能损伤的原理, 这个理论在估算部件热疲劳 /蠕变交互寿命时, 包括了弹性能、塑性能和蠕变能量的损伤总合; 并且在整个过程中, 随着温度和时间的不断变化, 对各种物性参数进行修正, 从而更好的逼近真实状态。文中用著名的“应变范围划分法 (SPR)”和“应变能范围划分法 (SEP)”的实验结果与本法的计算数值对比, 甚为满意。本方法的特点是物理概念清楚, 运算方便, 适应性强, 对一般高温结构强度的寿命估算, 具有广泛的应用价值。      

纤维自动铺放工艺制备单向罐外固化复合材料的拉-拉疲劳性能

纤维自动铺放工艺（AFP）制备罐外固化（OOA）复合材料中难以避免出现铺放缺陷如缝隙（Gaps）,影响复合材料的力学和疲劳性能。选取罐外固化预浸料IM7/CYCOM5320-1,采用自动铺放工艺制备正常（NDS）和预置缺陷（DS）复合材料,探讨了铺放缺陷对0°单向罐外固化复合材料拉-拉疲劳性能的影响,建立了疲劳寿命和剩余强度衰减模型。结果表明,相比于NDS罐外固化复合材料,DS的静态拉伸强度降低5.90%,拉伸模量降低6.54%;NDS和DS复合材料的疲劳寿命均随疲劳载荷的增大而减少,DS的疲劳寿命一直低于NDS;随着疲劳载荷的增加,二者的疲劳寿命相差越大,铺放缺陷的影响也越来越明显;NDS和DS复合材料在拉-拉疲劳测试前期的力学强度均维持平稳状态,达到一定疲劳周数后力学强度明显下降;应力水平越高,铺放缺陷对罐外固化复合材料的剩余强度影响越明显,而不同应力比下,缺陷对剩余强度的影响一致。     

C/SiC复合材料紧固件拉-拉疲劳行为研究

为了研究C/SiC复合材料紧固件的拉-拉疲劳行为,在疲劳应力比为0. 1、加载频率为10 Hz的条件下对不同应力水平的疲劳寿命进行统计。采用断口分析和金相分析方法对C/SiC复合材料螺钉疲劳破坏的细观机制进行了研究。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料螺钉拉-拉疲劳包含拉断疲劳及拉脱疲劳两种失效形式;基于双参数幂指数形式的寿命模型,两种失效形式的疲劳寿命经验公式相似;C/SiC复合材料螺钉的疲劳极限约为拉伸强度的65%～70%,若最大疲劳应力大于0. 7σmax,其材料损伤随循环次数增多而明显增大。     

损伤法则在时间相关疲劳寿命预测中的应用

动力机械如燃气涡轮、蒸汽轮机、锅炉和核压力容器都在高温、高压、高应力和各种腐蚀环境下工作。为保证这类机械能长时间安全运转,人们日趋重视对零部件采用抗蠕变-疲劳-环境(统称为时间相关疲劳)开裂设计。尤其是对先进的航空发动机热端部件更重要。于     

Error Measures for Normal Random Variables

Four commonly used measures of error are the root mean square error (RMSE), the geometric mean error (GME), the mean radial error (MRE), and the circular or spherical error probable (CEP, SEP). Exact or approximate closed form expressions are given. for each for zero mean, normal random variables in two and three dimensions. Numerical comparison of the measures suggests the relationship GME ? SEP(CEP) < MRE ? RMSE.     

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.     

衰落信道中不同集分割的Turbo TCM方案的性能研究

比较了衰落信道下两种不同的集分割方式,UP（Ungerboeck分割）和BP（分组分割）对Turbo TCM性能的影响。研究了在两种不同映射以及不同帧长度下Turbo TCM的性能。并给出了在8PSK和8ASK两种调制方式下的仿真试验结果,通过比较得出了很有意义的结果。     

A Comparison of Ground Level Event e/p and Fe/O Ratios with Associated Solar Flare and CME Characteristics

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events reaching rigidities >1 GV are observed at 1?AU as ground-level events (GLEs). They are considered to be extreme cases of gradual SEP events, produced by shocks driven by wide and fast CMEs that are usually associated with long-duration (>1 hour) soft X-ray (SXR) flares. However, some large gradual SEP events, including GLEs, are associated with flares of short-duration (<1 hour) timescales comparable to those of flares seen with impulsive, low-energy SEP events with enhanced charge states, heavy-element abundances, and e/p ratios. The association of some GLEs with short-duration SXR events challenges us to understand the GLE event-to-event variation with SXR durations and whether it truly reflects the nature of the particle acceleration processes or simply the characteristics of the solar regions from which large, fast CMEs arise. We examine statistically the associated flare, active region (AR), and CME characteristics of ～40?GLEs observed since 1976 to determine how the GLE e/p and Fe/O ratios, each measured in two energy ranges, depend on those characteristics. The abundance ratios trend weakly to lower, more coronal, and less scattered values with increasing flare timescales, thermal and nonthermal peak fluxes, and measures of source AR sizes. These results and the wide range of solar longitude connections for GLEs with high abundance ratios argue against a significant role for flare effects in the GLEs. We suggest that GLE SEPs are accelerated predominately in CME-driven shocks and that a coupling of flare size and timescales with CME properties could explain the SEP abundance correlations with flare properties.     

The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) and SEP Central Electronics for the STEREO Mission

The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) is one of four sensors that make up the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) instrument of the IMPACT investigation for NASA’s STEREO mission. The LET is designed to measure the elemental composition, energy spectra, angular distributions, and arrival times of H to Ni ions over the energy range from ～3 to ～30 MeV/nucleon. It will also identify the rare isotope ³He and trans-iron nuclei with 30≤Z≤83. The SEP measurements from the two STEREO spacecraft will be combined with data from ACE and other 1-AU spacecraft to provide multipoint investigations of the energetic particles that result from interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and from solar flare events. The multipoint in situ observations of SEPs and solar-wind plasma will complement STEREO images of CMEs in order to investigate their role in space weather. Each LET instrument includes a sensor system made up of an array of 14 solid-state detectors composed of 54 segments that are individually analyzed by custom Pulse Height Analysis System Integrated Circuits (PHASICs). The signals from four PHASIC chips in each LET are used by a Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) to provide onboard particle identification of a dozen species in ～12 energy intervals at event rates of ～1,000 events/sec. An additional control unit, called SEP Central, gathers data from the four SEP sensors, controls the SEP bias supply, and manages the interfaces to the sensors and the SEP interface to the Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU). This article outlines the scientific objectives that LET will address, describes the design and operation of LET and the SEP Central electronics, and discusses the data products that will result.