耐高温电磁屏蔽材料研究

选择了双马来酰亚胺为基础的聚酰亚胺树脂体系进行实验,并对基体材料进行了改性研究。研 究结果表明:改性后的材料能在中温固化,且材料满足360℃的耐高温要求。实验选择密度较低的片状金属粉 体作为导电填料,并采用聚乙烯蜡和膨润土作为复合防沉剂,使得改性聚酰亚胺电磁屏蔽材料表面电阻降至 0. 59 Ω,屏蔽效能大于40 dB,且该材料具有良好的防沉降性、柔韧性和耐冲击性,满足发动机使用要求。     

电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展

阐述了研究电磁屏蔽材料的重要性。综述了表层导电型、填充复合型、本征型导电高分子、导电织物、透明导电薄膜等电磁屏蔽材料的性能及特点,简要阐述了电磁屏蔽材料的发展趋势。     

新型改性氰酸酯及其复合材料性能

采用新型催化剂、增韧剂制得了一种改性氰酸酯树脂,对新型改性氰酸酯树脂的工艺性、耐热性、力学性能进行了评价,并对其复合材料的介电、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明新型改性氰酸酯树脂具有良好的工艺性,适合热熔法制备预浸料;树脂及其复合材料的力学及介电性能优良,可在180℃下使用,适合高性能透波材料和高频电路板使用。     

树脂基复合材料长时间烧蚀防热的应用研究

介绍了不同再入飞行器热防护材料的特点，指出长时间飞行器对防热层的要求。通过纤维织物改性和树脂基体改性研制了新型防隔热材料，并进行了性能测试和研究。结果表明：新型改性纤维／酚醛复合材料比传统的树脂基防热材料具有更好的隔热性能和抗烧蚀剥蚀性能，能够满足中低焓值、较低热流、烧蚀时间较长（300～700s）防热部件的防隔热要求。     

机载宽频雷达罩的研制

为满足耐高温(150℃)宽频带(18～40 GHz)的需要,选用石英纤维织物、聚砜改性环氧树脂和Nomex蜂窝芯为主要原料研制机载雷达罩,其单程平均功率透过系数≥87%,单程最小功率透过系数≥76%,力学性能满足飞行安全要求.     

复合材料壳体外表面密封、隔热涂层材料的研究

通过环氧树脂改性硅树脂制得密封、隔热涂层材料基体，改性树脂兼有环氧树脂和硅树脂的优点，不仅有很好的耐高低温性能，而且具有良好的强度和弹性，添加特定的填料可作为固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体的密封、隔热涂层材料。本文研制的涂层材料具有很强的气体密封能力和较宽的温度适用范围。而且具有优良的耐水和耐盐水性能。     

新型聚苯并噁嗪改性树脂的制备与性能

通过预聚反应制备了一种新型聚苯并噁嗪改性树脂.利用FTIR、GPC表征了改性树脂.利用旋转黏度计、DSC、DMA和TGA分别考察了树脂的流动性能、固化行为和改性树脂固化物的热性能.结果表明:制备的苯并噁嗪改性树脂在60～ 100℃,黏度小于500 mPa·s,恒温6h黏度不明显增大,具有良好的流动性能,适用于RTM成型工艺.改性树脂聚合温度较低,具有良好的固化工艺性.改性树脂固化物在氮气气氛下Td5在430℃以上,在900℃的残重高达73.71％,Ts为353.4℃,具有良好热性能.     

Kevlar织物NH_3等离子体表面改性研究

采用NH3等离子体对Kevlar-49 S500织物进行了表面改性,处理工艺条件为74.9Pa/113W/14.3分钟.研究结果表明改性后的Kevlar-49 S500织物增强的3234环氧树脂复合材料层间剪切强度提高了26.6%,T型剥离强度提高了22.9%;改性后的纤维表面粗糙度明显增大,与水的接触角降低;T-剥离试样断口的微观分析发现Kevlar纤维/3234环氧界面的破坏方式为纤维本体破坏.     

纤维织物增强三元乙丙橡胶绝热材料的制备及性能

为了改善传统短切纤维增强复合绝热材料横向性能较差、层间剪切强度较低、耐冲击性能不足的问题,制备了几种纤维织物增强三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)复合绝热材料。研究了不同纤维表面改性方法对聚酰亚胺(PI)、芳纶(F-12)和碳纤维(CF)三种纤维织物与EPDM之间的界面粘接性能。将优选的纤维处理方法对三种纤维布进行表面改性处理,制备了纤维织物增强的EPDM复合材料。测试了其力学性能以及耐烧蚀性能。结果表明:三种绝热材料的拉伸强度均在30 MPa以上,耐烧蚀性能优异。在三种织物特定的编织结构条件下,PI/EPDM的线烧蚀率较小,碳层保留最为完整,综合性能最为优异,有望在高性能固体火箭发动机中获得应用。     

10kV IGBT固态脉冲调制器技术研究

描述了一种用于材料表面改性的新技术--等离子体浸泡式离子注入,以及它的关键设备--高压脉冲调制器.我们研制了1台用于材料表面改性的光纤隔离同步控制的10 kV IGBT固态脉冲调制器.试验结果表明技术性能优良,输出电压幅值可在1～10 kV范围内调节,脉冲宽度可在2～100μs范围内改变,重复频率可在10 Hz～8.5 kHz范围内变化;在纯阻性负载时,注入电压波形的上升时间和下降时间分别为350 ns和1.64μs;在等离子体负载时,由于电缆电容和下拉电阻较大,上升时间增加到2μs,下降时间增加到30μs;如果减小电缆电容和下拉电阻,上升时间可以进一步减小,下降时间可以减小到15μs.     

Preparation of CF/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered rubber for aircraft sealing and electromagnetic interference shielding applications

To meet the needs of preventing information leakage in space engineering and military industry, an efficient method was introduced to obtain layered electromagnetic shielding sealing rubber. The carbon fiber, Ni-Fe coating, and Carbon NanoTube (CNT) were combined by chemical plating and in-situ polymerization to obtain a lightweight (0.14 g/cm²) and thin (1 mm thick) Carbon fiber Fabric (CF)/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered electromagnetic shielding composites. The layered material obtained by adjusting the electroless plating time exhibited a high Shielding Efficiency (SE) of 60.2–85.5 dB in the range of 0–4800 MHz, which can be used for aviation electromagnetic shielding. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes mainly attenuated electromagnetic waves through absorption loss, while the nickel-iron alloy coating through reflection loss interacted with the magnetic vector of incident ElectroMagnetic (EM) radiation and magnetic dipoles, therefore, the EM Interference (EMI) shielding composite attenuated EM waves with the “absorption-reflection-absorption” cooperative interaction. Moreover, the flexible fabric substrate adhered with silicone rubber possessed a breaking elongation of 52.3%, which can be utilized as a good sealing material. Simultaneously, the outstanding exothermicity (67.2 °C under the applied voltage of 5 V) makes it possible to be applied in electric heating area. The electromagnetic shielding composites prepared in this paper have good potential in the fields of precision electronic equipment and aviation systems.     

化学镀SiC/Ni-P功能梯度材料工艺、组织及性能

通过对化学镀Ｎｉ－ Ｐ－ ＳｉＣ复合镀层的研究,找到了制备ＳｉＣ／Ｎｉ－ Ｐ 功能梯度材料（ＦＧＭ） 的工艺方法。并采用光学显微镜、电子探针分析仪及热震试验等方法和手段对功能梯度材料的组织、形貌、成分与镀层结合力进行了研究。结果表明,功能梯度材料中ＳｉＣ微粒以弥散状态沿镀层厚度方向呈梯度分布,无团聚结块现象,材料致密,组织细小。功能梯度材料较单层Ｎｉ－ Ｐ－ ＳｉＣ复合镀层以及Ｎｉ－ Ｐ／Ｎｉ－ Ｐ－ ＳｉＣ 双层镀层具有更好的结合强度。     

Studies of Electromagnetic Properties of MWCNTs after Electroless Plating with Co-Fe Alloy

A method of electroless plating is utilized to deposit Co-Fe alloy on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and electromagnetic parameters of MWCNTs with and without electroless plating are discussed. The MWCNTs covered by Co-Fe is a desirable light absorbent in wide wave band by utilizing electroless plating process in experiments. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) images as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results are presented to show the morphology, components and electromagnetic parameters of MWCNTs. Electromagnetic properties of MWCNTs are enhanced after electroless plating observed from contrast of results between MWCNTs with and without plating. In conclusion, the covering Co-Fe on the surface of MWCNTs in 2-18 GHz frequency range has better electromagnetic properties. When the material is in the 6.5 GHz electromagnetic waves, the reflection loss is up to ?10 dB, and the bandwidth more than ?4 dB is 5 GHz. The excellent electromagnetic properties make it probable for MWCNTs to be utilized as absorbent in electromagnetic shielding materials.     

铝基复合材料增强体碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层研究进展

基体与增强体间的界面对金属基复合材料的性质起着重要的作用。通过增强体表面处理和表面涂层可以使界面的性质得以改善。增强体涂层可分为金属涂层、陶瓷涂层 ;单层和多层涂层。涂层的常用制备方法有 :化学镀法、化学气相沉积法及溶胶 凝胶法等。本文针对铝基复合材料三种重要的增强体 :碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层以及它们对铝基复合材料的界面和性能的影响进行综述     

Enhanced electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness and mechanical strength of Co-Ni coated aramid-carbon blended fabric

An efficient method was proposed to prepare high-performance conductive Aramid-Carbon Blend Fabrics (ACBF) with cobalt–nickel (Co-Ni) alloy coatings, which is conducive to industrial production. The grid-like substrate composed of aramid and carbon fibers was innovatively used in flexible Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding materials. The natural network structure is advantageous to the uniform deposition of metal particles to the establishment of conductive pathways subsequently in order to improve conductivity. The induction of a synergistic effect from Electromagnetic (EM) wave-reflection and EM wave-absorption through the whole carbon-Co-Ni-ternary system notably enhanced the EMI Shielding Effectiveness (SE) value to an average of 42.57 dB in the range of 30–6000 MHz. On the other hand, together with the inherent toughness of the alloy coatings, the tensile strength of the aramid fibers used for bulletproof made a significant contribution to the desired mechanical properties. The light weight of the resultant composite made it applicable to aerospace vehicles simultaneously. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to investigate the variations of elements and groups on the sample surface in pre-treating process. The elemental components and surface morphologies of fabric samples during different stages of the process were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectrometer (EDX) measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the obtained Co-Ni alloy coating had a combined Hexagonal Closed-Packed (HCP) and Faced-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystalline phase. The relatively high corrosion resistance demonstrated in different acid and alkaline conditions was instrumental in more complex environments as well.     

高体积分数SiCp/Al的化学镀镍

在进行无钯活化预处理后,对高体积分数SiCp/Al进行化学镀镍,研究了温度和pH值对镀层和沉积速度的影响。采用SEM观察镀层形貌,通过EDX测定镀层的镍磷含量,并用XRD分析了镀层的显微结构。结果表明:在特殊预处理后,采用化学镀镍,可在高体积分数SiCp/Al表面沉积上致密、均匀、结合牢固的镍镀层,镀层为微晶结构,属于中磷镀层。     

缝合碳纤维缎纹织物复合材料研究

使用高强度玻璃纤维缝合G803-T300-40B五枚缎纹碳纤维织物预制体,并用树脂膜熔融渗透(RFI)工艺成型复合材料.测试了改性环氧树脂胶膜熔体粘度对固化温度和时间的依赖性,将缝合与未缝合复合材料层合板试样的基本力学性能进行了试验对比.     

民机内饰用阻燃环氧树脂及复合材料性能研究

合成一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,并采用热熔法预浸工艺制备出玻璃纤维织物增强环氧树脂预浸料。通过DSC、流变仪等手段对树脂性能进行表征分析。将树脂与玻璃纤维织物进行复合制备预浸料并通过热压罐成型工艺制备复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能进行表征分析。结果表明:该无卤阻燃环氧树脂及预浸料具有良好的工艺加工性,用其制备的复合材料试验件具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能,垂直燃烧/水平燃烧、热释放速率、烟密度、烟毒性各项性能均可满足CCAR等适航标准的要求。     

The challenge of reducing both airframe weight and manufacturing cost

The evolution of composite material applications for primary structure of Airbus aircraft will be continued with A380, delivering significant weight savings. Selection of composite materials and manufacturing processes for A380 targets the same cost level for primary aircraft components as for advanced metal structures. The paper outlines how the cost target can be achieved using Resin Film Infusion (RFI) and Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) for the production of panels for the unpressurised aft fuselage.