基于扩展的FMC实物试验用于飞行仿真和飞行试验

利用CITATION-Ⅱ飞机和先进的FMS完成了FMS合格审定试飞方法的飞行验证。结合半实物仿真试验研究了FMS导航／制导的符合性条款;提供了相应的FMS飞行环境模型、FMS制导数学仿真模型和软件;提供可用于民用飞机合格审定试飞的FMS试飞方案;通过FMS性能管理与垂直制导仿真试验研究,表明飞行管理计算机系统（FMCS）所计算出的性能数据都是针对三个飞行阶段,即爬升、巡航和下降。目的是在飞行计划所施加的限制条件内使垂直飞行剖面最佳化。基于FMS半实物仿真试验系统能够准确地复现和实施制导和导航计算,保证了FMS仿真试验的可靠性和置信度。     

抛物型激光推进光船构型设计与特性分析

以轴对称Navier-Stokes方程组为基础,将球面激光支持的爆轰波模型与流场控制方程组进行耦合求解,数值模拟了抛物型激光推进光船的工作过程。计算中对激光支持的爆轰波阵面进行实时追踪,以获得激光能量吸收源项,同时采用Gupta建立的高温平衡空气模型来计算工质的热力学参数和输运特性。并用所发展的数值模拟程序研究了不同构型设计光船的推进性能。最后分析了流场流动特性和推力生成机制。结果表明,推力面离焦点距离越近,光船获得的冲量耦合系数越大,而峰值推力越小。     

尾桨倾斜对直升机飞行性能的影响

自从20世纪70年代美国西科斯基公司在黑鹰上成功采用倾斜尾桨构型方案后,30多年来,先后又有CH53E、S92、AB139等多种大、中型运输直升机采用倾斜尾桨构型,本文主要分析尾桨倾斜对直升机飞行性能的影响,并以某样例直升机为例进行了两种尾桨构型方案飞行性能的对比计算,同时也对倾斜尾桨和常规尾桨设计方案的优缺点进行了讨论.     

飞行模拟器建模、验模和性能测试与评估

仿真模型的精确度及仿真结果的置信度是飞行仿真系统研制中的关键和成功用于工程研究、人员培训的前提。主要介绍飞行模拟器仿真数学模型的特点,层次化、模快化建模方法,模型验证和性能测试与评估软件系统。     

风雨对飞机飞行安全性的影响

风雨严重影响飞机的飞行安全。基于动量定理建立了一种根据降雨条件、风场特性、飞机特征和飞行状态计算雨滴对飞机产生的撞击力和力矩的方法,研究了风雨对飞机气动特性的影响,进而建立了飞机在风雨中飞行的运动方程。通过引入驾驶员的操纵模型,对飞机在风雨中飞行的运动特性进行了数值仿真研究。仿真结果表明:降雨会使飞机的升力减小,阻力增大,平衡迎角增加,不利于飞机的飞行安全;当降雨过程中伴随有风时,风会改变飞机的飞行迎角,使得飞机更容易出现因失速而造成的飞行事故;降雨时飞机的抗风能力降低。     

混合型裂纹扩展的动光弹-数值分析

 The K field parameters of K1, KI, and *ox at the crack tip associated with crack high-velocity curving of epoxy resin specimen under impact tension are determined. The parameters obtained are used to construct the theoretical isochromatic fringe patterns fitting the experimental data. The curves of dynamic relation between stress intensity factor and crack length is also given.     

突风对着陆飞机下滑飞行的安全性影响

突风会引起飞机过载和飞行状态的改变,威胁飞机飞行安全。在飞机六自由度运动学方程的基础上,根据下滑飞行中驾驶员操纵行为的特点建立了飞机驾驶员的数学模型,并考虑突风的影响,建立了“驾驶员-飞机-突风”闭环飞机的数学仿真模型。通过引入飞机飞行安全性的量化评估理论以及表征方法,并根据飞机的飞行状态对飞机的安全性进行量化分析。选取某型飞机着陆下滑过程中进入突风风场的飞行状态进行仿真研究,结果表明风会改变飞机的气动角和空速,导致飞机的过载及飞行轨迹发生变化,尤其在飞机飞行高度较低时,风扰引起的大 但目前的研究主要集中在以阵风减缓设计为目的的 迎角姿态和飞机飞行轨迹变化将威胁飞机的飞行安全。     

基于MATLAB和FLIGHTGEAR的可视化飞行仿真

利用美国空军气动估算软件DATCOM中得到的气动数据,进行了控制律的设计,并通过MATLAB结合飞行模拟软件FLIGHTGEAR进行了动态仿真。仿真试验全程数据以直观的实时三维视觉仿真方式显示,有利于发现飞行控制系统设计缺陷。利用现有开放软件的仿真可以简化设计、缩短开发周期,同时还大大降低了成本,非常适合飞机早期设计验证,以减少后期设计迭代。     

飞行仿真加载控制系统的研究和应用

本文对飞行仿真加载、配平控制系统的技术要求、方案选择作了分析,重点阐述了驾驶杆俯仰加载、配平控制系统的基本结构、工作过程及融合设计计算,并对该系统的发展方案作了探索。     

用于光传操纵系统的超高速实时光纤网络研究

综合星型及环形拓扑结构的优点,提出一种用于光传操纵系统的超高速实时光纤网络设计方案。所给出的余度设计及分布式共享内存策略增强了整个光传系统的可靠性及容错性能。应用动态数据分组技术既提高了小数据量的传输效率,又提高了大数据量突发传输时的吞吐量。实际性能测试及地面物理飞行仿真验证表明,系统数据传输速率可达2.12Gbps,具有很强的实时性及信息传输确定性,适应了机载环境下光传飞行控制及航空电子系统不断发展的需求。     

New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm's ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory's flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system(FMS). The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm(ESA), other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.     

Initial virtual flight test for a dynamically similar aircraft model with control augmentation system

To satisfy the validation requirements of flight control law for advanced aircraft,a wind tunnel based virtual flight testing has been implemented in a low speed wind tunnel.A 3-degree-offreedom gimbal,ventrally installed in the model,was used in conjunction with an actively controlled dynamically similar model of aircraft,which was equipped with the inertial measurement unit,attitude and heading reference system,embedded computer and servo-actuators.The model,which could be rotated around its center of gravity freely by the aerodynamic moments,together with the flow field,operator and real time control system made up the closed-loop testing circuit.The model is statically unstable in longitudinal direction,and it can fly stably in wind tunnel with the function of control augmentation of the flight control laws.The experimental results indicate that the model responds well to the operator's instructions.The response of the model in the tests shows reasonable agreement with the simulation results.The difference of response of angle of attack is less than 0.5°.The effect of stability augmentation and attitude control law was validated in the test,meanwhile the feasibility of virtual flight test technique treated as preliminary evaluation tool for advanced flight vehicle configuration research was also verified.     

两种有翼飞行器高超声速动态气动特性的对比实验研究

采用模型自由飞技术在脉冲型高超声速风洞中测量了两种类航天飞机外形模型的腐爷阻尼导数，两种模型具有十分接近的外形特征尺寸和投影面积，但机身和机翼的剖面则片此各不相同，实验在名义马赫数M∞＝6.4条件下进行，同一名义实验条件下的重复实验显示一致的运动形态和接近的动导数测量结果。气动参数辨识采用最大似然法，对风沿实验准定常试验时间中模型的平面运动以线性气动参数模型辨识得到它们的俯3仰阻尼导数。结果提产两种外形有差异的模型呈现迥然不同的动态气动特性：带OMS舱的航天飞机仿真模型具有动态稳定性，而简化外形的类航天飞机模型则为动不稳定，虽然对导致这种极大差异的直接物理原因还有待深入研究，但实验揭示了动稳定性对模型外形细节的敏感性。     

An experimental analysis of situation awareness for cockpit display interface evaluation based on flight simulation

Aircraft cockpit display interface (CDI) is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness (SA) is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate (HR) data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.     

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统（FMS）巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机之间巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理（第一法则）的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明：本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS 巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。     

飞行器跨声速区俯仰力矩系数建模方法研究

飞行器气动力建模的准确性对其飞控系统设计、仿真和飞行性能分析有显著影响.在跨声速区马赫数变化对飞行器气动力影响显著,并且呈严重非线性,而在通常的气动力建模方法中却很少考虑马赫数的影响.本文对此问题进行了研究,根据某空空导弹和某返回舱俯仰力矩系数在跨声速区体现出来的特点,提出并建立了俯仰力矩系数随马赫数变化的概率函数模型.采用遗传算法辨识得到了某空空导弹和某返回舱的俯仰力矩系数建模结果,与风洞试验数据的比较表明,本文提出的概率函数模型确实比较好地描述了这些飞行器俯仰力矩系数在跨声速区随马赫数的变化规律.