A novel testability model for health management of heading attitude system

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is very important to guarantee the reliability and safety of aerospace systems, and sensing and test are the precondition of PHM. Integrating design for testability into early design stage of system early design stage is deemed as a fundamental way to improve PHM performance, and testability model is the base of testability analysis and design. This paper discusses a hierarchical model-based approach to testability modeling and analysis for heading attitude system health management. Quantified directed graph, of which the nodes represent components and tests and the directed edges represent fault propagation paths, is used to describe fault-test dependency, and quantitative testability information is assigned to nodes and directed edges. The fault dependencies between nodes can be obtained by functional fault analysis methodology that captures the physical architecture and material flows such as energy, heat, data, and so on. By incorporating physics of failure models into component, the dynamic process of a failing or degrading component can be projected onto system behavior, i.e., system symptoms. Then, the analysis of extended failure modes, mechanisms and effects is utilized to construct fault evolution-test dependency. Using this integrated model, the designers and system analysts can assess the test suite’s fault detectability, fault isolability and fault predictability. And heading attitude system application results show that the proposed model can support testability analysis and design for PHM very well.     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

航空机电系统测试性建模与分析新方法

针对航空机电系统测试性设计(DFT)需求,提出基于面向对象的贝叶斯网络(OOBN)与状态-测试关联灵敏度指标的系统测试性建模与分析的新方法。该建模方法能清晰地刻画系统故障与测试间的关联程度,反映复杂系统的层次结构关系。基于信息论的交叉熵原理提出状态-测试关联灵敏度指标,并给出计算方法。该指标反映复杂机电系统测试中的不确定性影响,克服了基于香农熵的测点评判分析方法的缺点,结合测试性建模获得的模型信息进行推理计算,可用于测试性的定量分析。运用该综合分析方法对飞机燃油系统进行测试性建模与分析,结果表明所提出的方法与指标在航空机电系统DFT中具有实用性。     

Test sequencing problem arising at the design stage for reducing life cycle cost

Previous test sequencing algorithms only consider the execution cost of a test at the application stage. Due to the fact that the placement cost of some tests at the design stage is considerably high compared with the execution cost, the sequential diagnosis strategy obtained by previous methods is actually not optimal from the view of life cycle. In this paper, the test sequencing problem based on life cycle cost is presented. It is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard). An algorithm and a strategy to improve its computational efficiency are proposed. The formulation and algorithms are tested on various simulated systems and comparisons are made with the extant test sequencing methods. Application on a pump rotational speed control (PRSC) system of a spacecraft is studied in detail. Both the simulation results and the real-world case application results suggest that the solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the life cycle cost of a sequential fault diagnosis strategy.     

A Fault Sample Simulation Approach for Virtual Testability Demonstration Test

Virtual testability demonstration test has many advantages,such as low cost,high efficiency,low risk and few restrictions.It brings new requirements to the fault sample generation.A fault sample simulation approach for virtual testability demonstration test based on stochastic process theory is proposed.First,the similarities and differences of fault sample generation between physical testability demonstration test and virtual testability demonstration test are discussed.Second,it is pointed out that the fault occurrence process subject to perfect repair is renewal process.Third,the interarrival time distribution function of the next fault event is given.Steps and flowcharts of fault sample generation are introduced.The number of faults and their occurrence time are obtained by statistical simulation.Finally,experiments are carried out on a stable tracking platform.Because a variety of types of life distributions and maintenance modes are considered and some assumptions are removed,the sample size and structure of fault sample simulation results are more similar to the actual results and more reasonable.The proposed method can effectively guide the fault injection in virtual testability demonstration test.     

Testability integrated evaluation method based on testability virtual test data

Testability virtual test is a new test method for testability verification, which has the advantages such as low cost, few restrictions and large sample of test data. It can be used to make up the deficiency of testability physical test. In order to take the advantage of testability virtual test data effectively and to improve the accuracy of testability evaluation, a testability integrated eval- uation method is proposed in this paper based on testability virtual test data. Considering the char- acteristic of testability virtual test data, the credibility analysis method for testability virtual test data is studied firstly. Then the integrated calculation method is proposed fusing the testability vir- tual and physical test data. Finally, certain helicopter heading and attitude system is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the testability integrated evaluation method is feasible and effective.     

基于TMSDG的民用飞机故障诊断隔离策略

 针对民用飞机排故时交互式故障诊断与隔离需求,在符号有向图(SDG)中补充状态节点的故障概率信息和未测状态表达,引入对测试节点的描述,提出了一种附带测试维修信息的SDG(TMSDG),给出了基于此模型的交互诊断流程。首先根据初始征兆获取可疑集,然后综合可靠性和测试代价等因素生成一种基于最小测试代价的诊断二叉树对初始可疑集进一步隔离。该模型能描述复杂系统中存在的状态关联和故障测试依赖关系,对其中故障进行交互式诊断和隔离指导。利用该方法建立了某飞机发动机高压引气的诊断模型,实验结果表明提出的方法有效。该方法适用于飞机的外场故障诊断与隔离。     

一种基于可控可观性模型的飞航武器测试性方案设计

针对飞航武器保障中测试资源调度缺乏顶层规划,测试方法配置无法进行优化管理的现状,提出了一种面向测试性方案设计的数学算法,探索测试性理论工程化的途径。利用线性系统理论中的可控可观模型,对故障与测试资源间的关系重新表述,进行了测试完备性分析;运用模糊综合评判模型分别对测试点设计、测试序列排布、测试方法设计优选,得到测试资源的最优化调度与配置。最后,以无人机系统为例,用模型进行了测试性方案设计。     

Task planning for robotic manipulation in space applications

Space-based robotic systems will require novel technologies of planning and manipulation to accomplish complex tasks such as diagnosis, repair, and assembly task representation, discrete task planning, and control synthesis which provide a design environment for assembly systems, and which extend to planning of manipulation operations in unstructured environments. In this approach, assembly planning is carried out using the AND/OR graph representation which encompasses all possible partial orders of operations and may be used to plan assembly sequences. A novel algorithm for planning disassembly and repair using the AND/OR graph is introduced, and examples of repair sequences generated for a satellite electrical module are described. For discrete task planning, the configuration map facilitates search over discrete parameters in the space of bounded configuration sets     

基于序贯回归的小样本测试性验证试验方案

针对现有测试性验证试验方案难以实现较小样本量下满足置信水平要求的测试性评估问题,提出了基于序贯回归的小样本测试性验证试验方案。提出并证明了成败型试验序贯样本回归可行性假设;对序贯样本进行回归分析,实现了小样本下的测试性评估;建立了评估优化方案,实现了满足置信水平要求的测试性评估。实例验证表明:该方法可同时适用于有双方风险要求和置信水平要求的场合,且完所需样本量明显减少,在案例中平均减少了22.3%,最大减少了85%。      

基于扩展单故障策略的多故障诊断算法

目前存在的测试性分析和故障诊断工具基本都是基于单故障假设,这一假设已经不适用于拥有很多元器件的复杂系统或者在运行过程中很少或不具备维修机会的系统。针对这一问题,研究了有效的基于扩展单故障策略的多故障序贯测试算法。该算法以最优单故障策略为基础,通过应用附加测试来隔离隐藏故障;通过更新故障状态集,重新调用单故障策略来隔离冒充故障。以某型机载电子设备为例给出实例分析,验证了该算法隔离隐藏故障和冒充故障的有效性。     

基于分层有向图的航天器故障诊断

针对航天器在轨故障诊断系统在实时性、准确性和完备性上的要求,提出了基于分层有向图的新的定性诊断方法。采用有向图分层策略,减小故障源搜索空间的大小;利用故障传播路径上的测试节点间的定性关系,回溯搜索不相容支路找出故障源候选集合,并且通过部件故障概率和故障传播的权重对候选故障源进行故障可能性的排序。应用提出的方法,建立了某卫星一次电源系统的定性诊断模型,并进行了故障诊断的仿真测试。结果表明该诊断方法是高效的,诊断结果准确而且完备。该方法适用于航天器在轨故障诊断。     

液体火箭发动机健康监控──故障分析与仿真

以故障分析为目的，建立了一种大型泵压式液体火箭发动机的基本数学模型及实时数学模型，采用历史数据统计及数字仿真分析结合的方法，对发动机的故障模式及其效应进行了分析研究。提出了液体火箭发动机故障诊断系统的框架。为了对液体火箭发动机健康监控的算法及软件进行验证，以实时数学模型为基础，提供并建立了一个实时仿真验证系统。     

航空电子设备研制的测试性设计考虑

测试性是航空电子设备基本设计特性,测试性设计的好坏直接决定了航空电子设备感知自身状态(正常、故障和降级)并自动隔离内部故障的能力。从全寿命周期费用探讨了民用飞机航空电子设备开展测试性设计的必要性,给出了民用飞机研制过程中航空电子设备通用测试性设计、机内测试设计和电路及元器件的测试性设计考虑。实践证明航空电子设备开展测试性设计能有效提高民用飞机的功能安全性和维修经济性。     

航空发动机故障诊断方法及测试流程分析

阐述了某型航空发动机工程研制中应用的发动机故障诊断方法及测试流程。根据发动机型号的使用特点和发动机故障诊断方法对FMECA分析结果进行故障分类,指出了各类故障在现有的测试技术下是否能进行故障诊断,并对能诊断的故障类型进行了详细的故障诊断及测试流程分析,经验证,发动机故障诊断方法及测试性流程可满足航空发动机型号的测试性需求。     

基于优化SPOT和D-S证据理论的测试性验证方案

针对现有基于序贯验后加权检验的测试性验证方案对测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间考虑不足,以及未能充分运用测试性多源先验信息的问题,提出一种优化序贯验后加权检验和D-S证据理论相结合的测试性验证方案。首先,考虑测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间,构建三参数空间复杂假设,并基于Bayes理论研究序贯决策规则,同时确定决策因子以及决策阈值;其次,以测试性指标构成的参数空间为辨识框架,分别构造基于专家信息以及测试性试验数据等先验信息的基本信任分配函数,建立融合多源先验信息的优化序贯验证方案;最后,结合实例进行研究,并与经典验证方案、传统Bayes验证方案、序贯概率比检验方案以及序贯验后加权检验方案进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方案由于考虑了模糊参数空间以及充分融合了多源先验信息,有效解决了模糊参数空间的处理问题,同时所确定的平均故障样本量在决策支持的参数空间均优于其他方法。     

机载系统测试性设计体系研究

军用飞机在外场表现出诊断能力不足的现象,严重影响飞机再次出动的效率。从军用飞机故障诊断 的实际使用需求出发,深入分析机载系统在设计、试验过程中存在的测试性设计问题;针对军用飞机整个研制 与使用过程,明确设计目标,提供设计、验证和评估方法,将原来相互孤立的设计工作进行整合,提出一套完整 的机载系统测试性设计体系,并对测试性设计过程中的诊断能力设计、测试性试验等关键环节进行深入剖析; 同时,在工作方法、专业定位和制度保障方面提出改进建议,能够有效促进测试性设计有机地融入机载系统的 设计过程,提升机载系统测试性水平,提高飞机综合诊断能力。     

引气系统建模及传感器集优化分析

MADe(维修感知设计环境)是基于功能流模型、系统失效知识和测试信息的系统测试性与健康感知综合仿真分析工具。给出了功能流模型定义及其建模流程,详细分析了飞机引气系统的工作模式、层次结构、功能流及典型部件的物理失效过程,并实现了引气系统典型工况的建模。基于引气系统功能流模型和功能流传播表对传感器集进行了优化,包括传感器集的选择和诊断规则分析。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地实现引气系统的建模,实现引气系统故障诊断与健康监控方案的优化。     

一种自动化并行重叠网格隐式装配方法

重叠网格装配是处理计算流体力学领域多体相对运动问题的关键技术之一。针对常见重叠网格隐式装配方法中几何分析过程复杂、节点无差别并行查找操作影响并行装配效率等问题,提出一种高度自动化的重叠网格隐式装配方法。首先,基于协方差分析、切割盒子等快速算法,将壁面距离计算与贡献单元存在性判断解耦,实现网格组动态重叠关系的自动化识别;其次,结合集合分析,设计出并行化的自动挖洞算法;最后,通过快速查询方法建立重叠单元与贡献单元的插值关系。针对所实现的并行重叠网格隐式装配工具库,采用某五球体部件验证了自动挖洞逻辑的准确性,并通过机翼-挂架-外挂物（WPFS）模型检验了重叠单元与贡献单元插值关系的准确性。     

故障诊断策略的优化方法

 以相关性模型为基础,综合可靠性和测试费用等因素提出了一种系统级优选测试点方法和故障诊断策略。首先根据系统的相关性矩阵,将测试性度量、故障概率和测试费用统一考虑,推导出测试点的故障诊断信息量计算公式;然后根据信息量的大小依次选择测试点,并确定出优化的故障诊断策略。所得到的故障诊断策略确保了在较低的测试费用下,使用尽可能少的测试步骤快速完成系统的故障检测和隔离。