Numerical simulation of a flow around airfoil using inviscid gas equations

A method for determining a field of inviscid gas equation application in finding the aerodynamic characteristics of bodies is proposed; as an example, use is made of airfoils for which extensive experimental data are available. The comparative analysis of physical and numerical simulation results showed a good verification of the method presented.     

具有不对称间隙的二元机翼自激振动的混沌分析

利用数值方法分析了无预荷载情况下具有不对称间隙的气动弹性非线性与结构非线性耦合的二元机翼颤振问题的动力学响应.通过研究速度比U*/U*L从零逐渐增大到1时系统的全局演化规律,发现在无预荷载的不对称分段线性系统中存在混沌运动形式,并对其进行具体分析,得到产生混沌的原因,为进一步控制和减小颤振提供理论帮助,对飞机的飞行结构设计及飞机结构的日常维护具有指导意义.     

某型飞机操纵面间隙非线性颤振时域分析

操纵面间隙作为一种常见的结构非线性,是由飞机设计、制造、装配等众多环节产生,有可能引起极限环振荡（LCO）。极限环振荡通常表现为等幅振动,如果其振幅过大,也会影响机体结构完整性,引发结构失效。本文对操纵面间隙非线性颤振的时域分析方法进行研究,采用时域分析方法计算某型飞机的非线性颤振响应,并与频域描述函数法计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明：极限环振荡的临界速度和频率基本一致,时域分析方法能够准确计算全机操纵面间隙的非线性颤振临界速度,用来预测操纵面的极限环振荡是可行的,可以将其作为民用飞机适航符合性验证的理论分析方法之一。     

Construction of an airfoil with an irregularity in the flow

Using the method of quasisolutions for inverse boundary-value problems of aerohydrodynamics, a problem of constructing an airfoil was solved by the specified velocity distribution along the sought airfoil contour when there is an irregularity in the flow such as a vorticity source. The cases of a source (sink) and vortex are obtained as particular ones. The airfoils are constructed numerically and analytically and conclusions are made about an influence of the irregularity position and type on the shape and aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.     

Aeroelastic response of a 2-D airfoil in a compressible flow field and exposed to blast loading

This paper deals with the generation and use of proper aerodynamic indicial functions toward the aeroelastic formulation of two-dimensional lifting surfaces in the subsonic compressible, linearized transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flight speed regimes. The indicial function approach enables one to treat in an unified way (i.e. in the time and frequency domains) the subcritical aeroelastic response and the flutter instability of lifting surfaces. Validations of the aerodynamic model are documented and excellent agreements are reported. In addition, closed form solutions and aerodynamic derivatives for different flight speed regimes are obtained; comparisons, and results displaying the aeroelastic response to blast loads are presented, and pertinent conclusions are outlined.     

间隙约束二元翼段系统分岔与多解共存现象分析

研究了分段刚度描述的间隙约束二元翼段气动弹性系统,取俯仰角最大幅值处为类Poincaré截面,数值计算得到了系统随飞行速度变化的分岔图,发现飞行速度在Ma=0.71~0.75属于跨临界颤振区,而在Ma=0.75~0.95发生极限环震荡.同时通过构造极限环震荡的四维Poincaré映射分析了极限环震荡的稳定性,结合稳定性和运动流形理论,得到极限环震荡的吸引域一般位于极限环内部并用数值方法进行了验证.且跨临界颤振速度区域中存在多种分岔形式以及多解共存现象,例如由双周期运动直接通向混沌、多周期运动与双周期运动共存现象,振动幅值也存在跳跃现象.     

Nonlinear system identification framework of folding fins with freeplay using backbone curves

Due to wear and manufacturing tolerance, the freeplay is unavoidable in the hinges of folding fins, which exerts significant effects on the aerodynamic characteristics. This paper proposes a backbone-curve-based framework for the dynamical identification of folding fins containing the freeplay nonlinearity. With no need to measure the input force signal and the response signals of nonlinear related Degrees of Freedom(DOFs), the proposed method is more direct and elegant than most existing nonlin...     

Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of the folding fin with freeplay under thermal environment

The nonlinear aeroelastic behavior of a folding fin in supersonic flow is investigated in this paper. The finite element model of the fin is established and the deployable hinges are represented by three torsion springs with the freeplay nonlinearity. The aerodynamic grid point is assumed to be at the center of each aerodynamic box for simplicity. The aerodynamic governing equation is given by using the infinite plate spline method and the modified linear piston theory.An improved fixed-interfac...     

Modulation of driving signals in flow control over an airfoil with synthetic jet

A new skill of modulating driving signals of a synthetic jet with low frequency is introduced to enhance the control authority. Based on dynamic mesh technique, the effect of flow control over a NACA0015 airfoil with a Synthetic Jet Actuator(SJA) has been investigated. The SJA is located at x/c = 10%, and two jet injection angles of 90° and 30° have been considered. Flow structures indicate that modulation with low frequency can reduce the dissipation rate of vortices after they shed off the sur...     

基于二维紧凑型四阶格子模型的激波管流动模拟

为了提高格子的稳定性,使用Hermite展开方法,构建了新的二维四阶紧凑型格子模型,即D2Q37A。比较了D2Q37A和与Philippi给出的紧凑型格子模型(D2Q37B)的稳定性。在相同的碰撞频率下,与D2Q37B相比,D2Q37A可以模拟初始密度比更高的一维激波管流动。这表明D2Q37A与现有格子模型相比,具有更好的稳定性。详细给出了适用于高阶格子模型的边界条件实现方式。此边界条件实现方式保留了体现LBM（lattice Boltmann method）粒子特性的迁移 碰撞机制。用以上给出的格子模型和边界条件处理方式模拟激波管流动,得到的模拟结果和解析解吻合得很好。这表明所给出的边界处理方式是可行的。此边界格式同样可以用于其他类型的流动和边界。      

两种多重网格法求解径流叶轮机械可压流动

为了加快数值求解叶轮机械内部流场的收敛速度,并改善计算结果,在数值求解径流叶轮机械可压流动的计算中,采用了由微元、二重和三重网格逐级转入和同时转入的两种多重网格法。对德国宇航局Ｋｒａｉｎ Ｈ设计的离心压气机内部流场的数值计算表明,两种多重网格法的计算结果差别不大,尽管在收敛速度方面存在差异,但均与测量数据吻合比较好。     

Nonlinear flutter wind tunnel test and numerical analysis of folding fins with freeplay nonlinearities

The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numerical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroelastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.     

常气压辉光放电等离子体控制翼型失速的数值模拟研究

基于Shyy提出的大气压下均匀辉光放电等离子体与空气干扰的物理模型,通过求解电位势方程得到电场分布,得到了作用于流体上的电场力.通过数值求解考虑等离子体作用的流体运动控制方程,以NACA0015翼型低速绕流为对象,研究了常压辉光放电等离子体位置和个数控制翼型绕流分离的影响.位于分离点上游的等离子体能够有效地抑止翼型分离,而在分离区的等离子体对流动影响很弱,同实验结果一致,并给出了等离子体对翼型气动力影响的规律.     

翼型激波抖振的无模型自适应控制

由于受到流动环境中的不确定因素影响,针对流动系统设计的闭环控制律需要考虑这些不确定因素,自动适应随机扰动和突发扰动.基于流动模型所设计的闭环最优控制,虽然可以以较小的控制量获得满足目标函数的最优控制效果,但随着流动模型的引入,随之而来的建模精度、未建模动态等问题也会出现,固定的流动模型也会限制控制系统的自适应能力.针对翼型在跨声速流动中遇到的激波抖振问题,为了消除不同来流状态的激波抖振带来的脉动载荷,开展了基于数据驱动方法的无模型自适应控制.流场数值仿真采用URANS方法,作动机构采用尾缘舵面,以升力系数作为反馈信号.当流动状态变化时,无模型自适应控制利用输入输出数据在线将流动系统等价转化为动态线性化数据模型,最小化性能指标得到控制律,使系统自动地工作于最优或接近最优的状态.时域仿真结果显示,无模型自适应控制效果优于开环控制和比例控制,并且当来流状态随时间发生变化时,无模型自适应控制也能够完全消除抖振脉动载荷.     

Unsteady oscillation of a deformable airfoil section in incompressible flow

The unsteady aerodynamic loads (pressure increment and generalized forces) acting on a deformable thin airfoil section are determined for its arbitrary motion in the incompressible flow with transverse gusts. In this case, the exact Küssner solution in series is used for harmonic oscillation of an airfoil, in which the Theodorsen function is approximated by a sum of fractional functions with poles. In the time domain, these functions are replaced by the unknown functions that satisfy the one-type ordinary first order differential equations. The equations obtained are combined with the differential equations of the airfoil motion in the generalized coordinates and are used for analyzing the aeroelastic system stability and calculating its dynamic response to gust loads.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with bounded random parameters in incompressible flow via Gegenbauer polynomial approximation

The effects of parameter uncertainty on the flutter characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil in an incompressible flow were investigated through Gegenbauer polynomial approximation. The uncertain parameters, such as the linear and cubic pitch stiffness coefficients are modeled as bounded random variables with λ-PDFs (probability density functions). With the aid of Gegenbauer polynomial approximation, the two-dimensional stochastic airfoil system is transformed at first into its equivalent deterministic one. Then the Hopf-bifurcation point is determined through the equivalent deterministic system, and the onset of the flutter, together with the flutter frequency against the probability density distribution parameter and the intensity of the random variable is explored. In addition, the ranges of the peak pitch and plunge responses against the flight speed and the PDFs of the peak pitch response are obtained. Numerical results show how the probability density distribution parameters and the intensities of random parameters affect the flutter onset speed, flutter angular frequency, the upper and lower boundaries of peak responses, and the PDFs of peak responses.     

Characteristic analysis of lock-in for an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow

Numerical simulations are performed to study the aeroelastic responses of an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow, by coupling the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and structural motion equation. The current work focuses on the char-acteristic analysis of the lock-in phenomenon. Great attentions are paid to studying the frequency range of lock-in and the effects of the three parameters, namely the structural natural frequency, mass ratio and structural damping, on lock-in characteristic of the elastic system in detail. It is found that when the structural natural frequency is close to the buffet frequency, the coupling fre-quency of the elastic system is no longer equal to the buffet frequency, but keeps the same value as the structural natural frequency. The frequency lock-in occurs and stays present until the structural nature frequency is near the double buffet frequency. It means that the lock-in presents within a broad range, of which the lower threshold is near the buffet frequency, while the upper threshold is near the double buffet frequency. Moreover, the frequency range of lock-in is affected by mass ratio and structural damping. The lower the mass ratio and structural damping are, the wider the range of lock-in will be. The upper threshold of lock-in grows with the mass ratio and structural damping decreasing, but the lower threshold always keeps the same.     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

高速铁路隧道初始压缩波一维流动模型的数值分析方法

基于隧道内空气流通截面是时间和距离的二元函数条件与一维流动理论,提出了高速列车驶入设有缓冲结构隧道端口时产生初始压缩波的数值分析方法。一维流动理论采用考虑摩擦、传热以及空气质交换等因素的一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型。数值分析方法采用广义黎曼变量特征线法。与国外有关未设缓冲结构、开孔型与未开孔型缓冲结构的隧道端口三种情况的现车试验结果进行了比较,表明本文所建方法正确、合理,能够模拟计算多种类型缓冲结构条件下的压缩波波动规律。