基于间接Radau伪谱法的滑翔段轨迹跟踪制导律

针对高超声速飞行器滑翔段制导问题,提出一种利用间接Radau伪谱法求解最优反馈控制律的全状态标称轨迹跟踪制导律。将标称轨迹跟踪问题转化为线性时变系统状态调节器问题,基于Pontryagin极大值原理进一步将状态调节器问题转化为线性两点边值问题;利用间接Radau伪谱法求解所得的线性两点边值问题,获得最优反馈控制律,并在此基础上设计了易于在线执行的闭环轨迹跟踪制导律。数值仿真结果表明,该制导律对飞行器初始状态量的较大范围偏差和飞行环境参数的有限扰动不敏感,具有良好的鲁棒性,并且能够满足实时性的需求。     

亚轨道飞行器上升段轨迹优化与快速重规划

针对亚轨道飞行器上升段轨迹优化问题,提出了基于Legendre伪谱法的轨迹优化与快速重规划方法.结合亚轨道飞行器上升段运动特点,着重研究气动力的表示方法,建立了矢量形式的动力学方程.应用Legendre伪谱法进行上升段轨迹优化,并分析了优化结果.结合该方法的特点研究了基于Legendre伪谱法的轨迹重规划方法.仿真表明轨迹优化结果具有精度高、满足一阶最优性必要条件等特点,重规划轨迹的入轨精度高,且重规划的时间短,能满足快速性要求.     

基于Legendre伪谱法的固体运载火箭轨迹优化研究

Legendre法则是一种高阶积分近似法则,用较大积分步长得到较高精度。以结点伪谱法处理不连续问题后,可以把一个无限维的动态最优控制问题转化为有限维的静态优化问题,大大降低了问题复杂性。将其应用于轨迹优化,力求使其成为一种求轨迹优化问题的通用算法。以三级固体运载火箭为例,在惯性直角坐标系中建立动力学模型,给出轨迹优化模型。轨迹优化算例结果验证了Legendre伪谱法在弹道时间和精度优化的正确性和有效性。     

采用联立法求解大姿态终端约束的上升段轨迹优化

针对恒定推力和未配置辅助动力系统的运载火箭,提出了一种基于联立框架的直接法("联立法")来求解带大姿态终端约束的动态在线轨迹规划问题,解决了传统迭代制导方法中飞行轨迹线性规划的不足,并可根据姿态跟踪精度的需求来控制程序角速率,从而同时满足各种约束条件。该联立法结合了直接配点法和伪谱法的特点,采用有限元正交配置法将状态变量和控制变量进行离散化;结果表明与伪谱法相比,计算效率得到了大幅提升。在此基础上,提出了通过合理选择初值、调整入轨精度偏差、自适应有限元分段等提升计算速度的措施,进一步提高了这一算法的实时性,为未来解决更复杂多样的制导任务提供了基础。     

半直接配点法在航天器追逃问题求解中的应用

采用半直接配点法求解时间固定两航天器追逃问题,提出一种新的数值求解追逃双方最优控制策略的方式,避免了求解非线性两点边值问题。在两航天器均为连续小推力假设条件下,以终端距离为支付函数,给出了半直接配点法求解此追逃问题的过程。在此数值方法中,根据半直接转换将微分对策问题转化为一个最优控制问题,由Gauss-Lobbato配点法最终将此最优问题转化为非线性规划问题,继而通过序列二次规划方法求解。这种半直接配点法避免微分对策问题最优策略的必要条件(两点边值问题)求解,并且数值稳定性好。数值仿真给出了追逃双发的最优控制策略和相应的追逃轨迹。     

伪谱法在飞行器轨迹优化中应用分析

伪谱法作为一种在飞行器轨迹优化领域广泛应用的方法,国内外缺乏对其进行综合研究分析的相关文献。介绍了伪谱法在飞行器轨迹优化领域的发展现状,详细分析了已应用于飞行器轨迹优化的4种伪谱法的特点和应用情况,总结了这4种方法优缺点:Legendre伪谱法研究较早、应用最为广泛,Gauss伪谱法和Radau伪谱法精度较高,而Chebyshev伪谱法理论上精度高但研究刚起步。伪谱法具有全局特性,计算精度高,收敛快,但也存在缺乏收敛解判定准则、难以处理非光滑问题等不足。介绍了伪谱法在处理bang-bang控制问题时所遇到的困难,对伪谱法的改进工作做出总结:改进算法,研究与其他算法相结合的优化方法。总体而言,伪谱法在轨迹优化问题上的应用前景很广。     

航天器远程最优拦截方法研究

有限推力和脉冲推力是研究航天器轨道拦截问题的两大类方法.该文基于C-W方程建立了航天器远程拦截的相对运动方程,并进行了无量纲化；以能量最省为性能指标,应用Legendre伪谱法对拦截轨道进行优化,并检验结果的最优性.仿真结果表明,该方法精度高、鲁棒性强,验证了Legendre伪谱法在航天器远程拦截轨道优化设计中的正确性...     

执行器故障下的运载火箭非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在未知外部干扰和执行器卡死故障的运载火箭,提出了一种基于非奇异终端滑模面的姿态跟踪控制算法。首先,建立了考虑干扰和执行器卡死故障的运载火箭姿态控制系统多输入多输出系统模型;然后定义了运载火箭姿态跟踪系统模型,针对定义的模型,设计了一种非奇异终端滑模面,使得系统在执行器故障情况下仍能较为精确地跟踪参考信号。基于李雅普诺夫函数证明了运载火箭姿态跟踪控制系统的稳定性和有限时间收敛特性。数值仿真检验了本文基于非奇异终端滑模运载火箭姿态跟踪控制算法的有效性。     

空间6R机械臂圆弧轨迹规划及仿真

为控制6R机械臂跟踪圆弧轨迹或有效避开障碍物，基于机器人圆弧轨迹规划方法，对在笛卡尔空间的圆弧运动轨迹规划进行了研究，采用位置插补和姿态插补，使机械臂末端严格按圆弧路径行走，并对末端轨迹和各关节的轨迹进行了仿真。结果表明：机械臂末端运动轨迹平滑，各关节角度变化平缓，运动稳定。     

月球最优软着陆两点边值问题的数值解法

对于月球软着陆,燃耗最优是制导过程的基本要求.文中首先应用极大值原理设计了最优着陆制导控制律,此时求解最优轨迹变成一个两点边值问题(TPBVP).本文利用一种基于初值猜测技术的打靶法求解这个两点边值问题,得到软着陆最优轨迹.结果表明该方法可有效改善迭代计算,具有一定的优越性.     

Time-optimal trajectory planning for underactuated spacecraft using a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

A hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the Legendre pseudospectral method (LPM) is proposed for solving time-optimal trajectory planning problem of underactuated spacecrafts. At the beginning phase of the searching process, an initialization generator is constructed by the PSO algorithm due to its strong global searching ability and robustness to random initial values, however, PSO algorithm has a disadvantage that its convergence rate around the global optimum is slow. Then, when the change in fitness function is smaller than a predefined value, the searching algorithm is switched to the LPM to accelerate the searching process. Thus, with the obtained solutions by the PSO algorithm as a set of proper initial guesses, the hybrid algorithm can find a global optimum more quickly and accurately. 200 Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid PSO–LPM algorithm has greater advantages in terms of global searching capability and convergence rate than both single PSO algorithm and LPM algorithm. Moreover, the PSO–LPM algorithm is also robust to random initial values.     

Optimal guidance for reentry vehicles based on indirect Legendre pseudospectral method

Development of a feasible guidance scheme for reentry vehicles is a challenge because of its significant nonlinearity and multi-constraints. A method for the implementation of three-degree-of-freedom guidance for constrained reentry vehicle is presented in the paper. First, the constrained trajectory is generated by Legendre pseudospectral method (LPM) and then the feasibily of the trajectory is validated. Based on the obtained reference trajectory, the guidance problem is converted into a trajectory state regulation problem which is a linear time varying system. A robust state feedback guidance law is generated in real time using indirect Legendre pseudospectral feedback method. Finally, simulation results illustrate that the overall guidance scheme can lead to a very accurately controlled flight with all the constraints satisfied even in the presence of initial state uncertainty.     

欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划粒子群算法

研究欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划问题。众所周知航天器利用三个动量飞轮可以控制其姿态和任意定位，当其中一轮失效，航天器动力学方程表现为不可控。在系统角动量为零的情况下，系统的姿态控制问题可转化为无漂移系统的运动规划问题。基于粒子群优化技术设计了欠驱动刚性航天器姿态的非完整运动规划算法。通过数值仿真，并和遗传算法进行了比较，结果表明该方法对欠驱动航天器姿态运动规划是有效的。     

欠驱动航天器姿态控制系统的退步控制设计方法

应用退步控制设计方法研究欠驱动航天器的姿态控制问题。将系统分为运动学和动力学两个子系统分别进行控制律的设计。首先导出了一种动力学子系统的镇定控制律，以减低失控轴的角速度分量对运动学子系统的影响。在此基础上，假设这一角速度分量为小量，利用运动学中的角速度交叉耦合项对失控轴的姿态进行控制。通过推导出角速度中间控制律，实现了运动学子系统的镇定，并进一步设计了姿态退步控制律。最后进行了数值仿真，验证了所推导的控制律的有效性。     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

Optimal control of the deployment process of solar wings on spacecraft

The optimal attitude control problem of spacecraft during the stretching process of solar wings is investigated in this paper. The dynamical equations of the nonholonomic system are derived from the conservation principle of the angular momentum of the multibody system. Attitude control of the spacecraft with internal motion is reduced to a nonholonomic motion planning problem. The spacecraft attitude control is transformed into the steering problem for a drift free control system. The optimal solution for steering a spacecraft with solar wings is presented. The controlled motion of spacecraft is simulated for two cases. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimal control approach.     

欠驱动航天器的分段解耦姿态控制

研究欠驱动航天器姿态控制系统设计问题。首先给出了欠驱动航天器的姿态动力学方程和运动学方程。然后,基于系统模型的特点,采用分段解耦控制的思想,依次为动力学系统和运动学系统设计了渐近稳定的控制律,使航天器进入三轴稳定状态或自旋稳定状态。最后通过数值仿真验证了分段解耦控制方法的有效性。     

欠驱动刚性航天器可行轨迹生成算法研究

研究了仅有两个独立控制力矩的轴对称欠驱动刚性航天器的可行轨迹生成问题。首先,由系统模型推导出轴对称欠驱动航天器可行轨迹必须满足的状态约束条件;其次,基于轴对称欠驱动航天器的微分平滑特性,提出了一种可行轨迹生成算法。该算法针对欧拉角姿态描述的系统模型,不仅能够有效地简化系统平滑变换中的奇异点避让问题,而且即使是在大角度机动的情况下,仍然能够保证轴对称欠驱动航天器的姿态角速度和相应的控制输入力矩始终保持在合理的范围内。仿真结果表明,该算法计算量小、计算速度快,这使得欠驱动航天器后续的轨迹规划和轨迹跟踪等算法的在线实际应用成为可能。     

有扰情况下欠驱动刚性航天器旋转轴稳定研究

研究欠驱动刚性航天器受到正弦干扰力矩作用时的旋转轴指向稳定控制问题。采用欧拉-泊松形式描述航天器的运动方程,然后分别针对轴对称情况和非轴对称情况设计控制律,并结合Lyapunov直接法和LaSalle不变性定理证明控制律的全局渐近稳定性。理论分析和仿真结果都表明新的控制律能够实现旋转轴指向全局渐近稳定。