Range, radial velocity, and acceleration MLE using radar LFM pulsetrain

An efficient implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is presented for the estimation of target range, radial velocity, and acceleration when the radar waveform consists of a wideband linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse train. Analytic properties of the associated wideband ambiguity function are derived; in particular the ambiguity function, with acceleration set to zero, is derived in closed form. Convexity and symmetry properties of the ambiguity function over range, velocity, and acceleration are presented; these are useful for determining region and speed of convergence for recursive algorithms used to compute the MLE. In addition, the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is computed in closed form which shows that the velocity bound is decoupled from the corresponding bounds in range and acceleration. A fast MLE is then proposed which uses the Hough transform (HT) to initialize the MLE algorithm. Monte Carlo simulations show that the MLE attains the CRB for low to moderate signal-to-noise depending on the a priori estimates of range, velocity, and acceleration     

Accuracy Limitations of Hyperbolic Multilateration Systems

A recently developed procedure [1] for assessing the accuracy of hyperbolic multilateration systems makes it easy to determine basic limitations on accuracy. This paper illustrates how such bounds can be derived. The results include bounds for a variety of geometries that are representative of practical ground-based and satellite-based hyperbolic systems. The results are applicable whenever the ranging errors can be treated as uncorrelated zeromean random variables. In some cases the bounds quantify general knowledge (e. g., the directional dependence of errors). In other cases the bounds represent entirely new limitations (e. g., optimum accuracies for sector-restricted and cone-restricted transmitter/receiver configurations).     

基于脉组间频率步进的合成超宽带距离像及速度分析

 对脉组间频率步进信号进行信号处理可直接获得合成超宽带(UWB)距离像及目标速度信息,但由于多普勒色散引入的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)输出失配误差和距离多普勒耦合,导致距离像的失真。介绍消除多普勒色散的影响的方法,分析且补偿距离多普勒耦合对距离像的影响,进一步讨论由测速误差产生的补偿量化误差对距离像的影响,并推导由此导致的距离走动公式。提出的迭代二分逼近法使速度分辨提高 N 倍( N 为脉组个数),从而得到目标真实高分辨距离像。仿真实验结果表明多普勒色散得到消除且 N 的选取更加灵活。     

基于高分辨距离间隔像的频率步进单脉冲雷达测角技术研究

 频率步进雷达合成高分辨距离像时对速度补偿的精度要求很高,而采用高分辨距离间隔像处理则可以大大降低这种要求。首先分析了高分辨距离间隔像成像的一些问题;然后阐述了基于高分辨距离间隔像的单脉冲雷达测角机理,并且提出了3 种过采样条件下的单脉冲雷达距离间隔像测角算法,进行了计算机仿真,结果表明距离间隔像交叉项选大测角方法性能优于其它两种方法。     

空域滤波器组对雷达阵列合成距离像的影响分析

为了简化雷达系统硬件设计和降低成本,可以使用多个窄带成分来合成宽带信号,从而获得满足实际需要的合成距离像。针对合成宽带信号和雷达阵列的特点,详细分析了结合合成宽带信号及传统空域滤波器组情况下所合成距离像的失真原因,指出合成距离像的失真由形状变形和位置平移两部分组成,且这两种失真分别由各个空域滤波器输出幅度和相位的波动所引起。同时,推导出计算对应相位和幅度失真度的理论公式,并由此给出了当合成距离像存在可接受失真时阵列的临界条件。计算机数值仿真结果验证了以上结论。     

Estimation of Time of Arrival for Rectangular Pulses

We consider the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the time of arrival of a rectangular pulse in additive white Gaussian noise. Upper and lower bounds are derived for the mean square error. These bounds are tight for both medium and large energy-to-noise ratios.     

Passive localization of moving emitters using out-of-planemultipath

The purpose of this work is to establish how a moving emitter, such as a jammer, can be localized by a passive receiver through the use of out-of-plane multipath signals reflected by the terrain. This is a novel localization technique that assumes no a priori knowledge of the localization of the multipath sources. The emitter parameters of range, heading, velocity, and altitude are estimated by exploiting the correlation between the direct-path signal and the delayed and Doppler modulated signals. Two basis assumptions about the scattering properties of the terrain lead to different maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). The Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) are used to study estimator performance versus emitter velocity for each case. The proposed estimators are successfully demonstrated using field data collected at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) during the DARPA/Navy Mountaintop program     

正弦型来流条件下大气表面层特性的研究

导出了正弦来流条件下的大气表面层平均风速及湍流强度的计算式。在环境风洞中使用粒子图像速度仪（PIV）对正弦来流条件下的大气表面层平均风速廓线和湍流强度进行了测量。结果表明：正弦型来流条件下所模拟的大气表面层在不同高度上风速均呈正弦规律波动,测量得到平均风速与导出计算式结果一致,相当于在定常风速廓线基础上叠加一个周期与主流风速一致、振幅随高度变化的正弦波动函数。每一个相位的湍流强度沿高度的分布均与定常来流条件下的湍流强度有着相似的变化规律,且湍流强度的大小随相位变化呈现一定的波动性。     

Atmospheric Error in Range and Range-Rate Measurements between a Ground Station and an Artificial Satellite

The propagation errors caused by the atmosphere are investigated in order to find out the causes of the observed errors in range and range-rate measurements between a ground station and an artificial satellite. The calculations show that the observed errors are mostly caused by the measuring instruments. The propagation errors are mainly caused by increases, decreases, or fluctuations of the refractive index of the atmosphere, and the errors caused by the refraction of the propagation path are about 10 percent of the errors caused by the decrease of the propagation velocity. The tropospheric range errors are less than 150 meters and are approximately expressed by a cotangent function, and they are reduced by about 90 percent through the use of monthly average refractivity profiles of the troposphere. The ionospheric errors are usually negligible at centimeter radio waves (less than 10 cm), and even at decimeter waves or meter waves almost all errors can be removed by the use of two different frequencies on the down-link so that the range can be made independent of frequency.     

缺损平板贴补加强后的效果

 本文在N.I.Muskhelishvili关于无限大板受集中力作用问题一般表达式的基础上,导出了用于保角变换的一般表达式。应用一般表达式,并取级数前几项作为变换关系式,获得了几个典型情况的封闭解,利用这些封闭解分析了胶贴的效果。     

OPTIMIZATION OF ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE，GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE AND OPERATING CONDITION OF LINERS MOUNTED IN ENGINE DUCT

ＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＣＯＵＳＴＩＣＩＭＰＥＤＡＮＣＥ，ＧＥＯＭＥＴＲＩＣＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＮＧＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＩＮＥＲＳＭＯＵＮＴＥＤＩＮＥＮＧＩＮＥＤＵＣＴＬｕＹａｄｏｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＱｉｎｇｋｕａｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉ...     

多孔介质微燃烧器内的火焰驻定机理研究

为解释毫米尺度多孔介质燃烧器中火焰可在一个当量比范围内驻定的物理现象,搭建了二维非稳态数学物理模型,利用数值计算方法定性研究了氢气/空气预混气在部分填充不锈钢网的微通道内的火焰传播特性。通过分析浸没火焰及表面火焰的温度分布特点并量化燃烧室内的预热和散热发现：火焰驻定在多孔介质内的不同位置时对应的传热特性存在差异,是控制火焰传播速度在一定当量比范围内保持恒定的关键因素,而预热及散热的相对大小可作为衡量传热对火焰宏观影响的重要参数。对火焰的的总预热与总散热之比R越临近多孔介质入口边界变化越剧烈,导致浸没火焰易驻定在多孔介质的中上游区域;多孔介质对火焰的预热虽在多孔介质出口边界外减小,但与多孔介质散热之比Rp呈上升趋势,使得低流速工况下易形成表面火焰。同时,R随当量比的变化规律导致多孔介质下游火焰的稳定性相对较弱。     

Model Error and the Direction-Finder Problem

The error introduced into many direction-finder (DF) algorithms by the use of projections is discussed. Upper bounds for this error are calculated and formulas for calculating these bounds are extended to the case of nonconformal transformations.     

预估金属构件疲劳全寿命的损伤力学-有限元法

 引用损伤力学方法研究金属构件疲劳问题,建立了应力场-损伤场耦合基本方程与有限元素-附加载荷解法,并以损伤划分步长推导了构件疲劳裂纹形成与扩展寿命的预估公式。本文用以上方法预估2024与7075两种材料、多种几何参数含缺口板试件全寿命。结果表明,理论S-N曲线与实验S-N曲线吻合良好。本方法所需机时较少,可能用于工程实际。     

数控线切割加工四轴联动轨迹合成研究

 对四轴联动数控线切割加工进行轨迹合成研究。在线切割四轴联动的基础上对轨迹合成的对应标注进行了分类 ,提出了轨迹合成准则 ;给出在各种标注情况下的轨迹合成公式。采用此理论编制的后置处理程序处理上下异型的三维直纹曲面 ,得到四轴联动的 ISO线切割加工程序     

对气液二相流音速的进一步研究

测量小药量电雷管爆炸压力波的传播速度,再修正到音速。结果表明:气液二相流音速比单相液体或空气介质低得多,流动机构对音速变化有显著影响。对低气泡率泡状流,音速与均匀流模型导出的结论相一致。随气泡率增加,流动机构改变时,音速值变化很大。     

Impact time control using biased proportional navigation for missiles with varying velocity

A feasible guidance scheme with impact time constraint is proposed for attacking a stationary target by missiles with time-varying velocity. The main idea is to replace the constant velocity with the future mean velocity; therefore, the existing time-to-go estimation algorithm of the proportional navigation guidance law can be improved to adapt to varying conditions. In order to obtain the prediction of the velocity profile, the velocity differential equation to the downrange is derived, which can be numerically integrated between the current downrange and the target position by the on-board computer. Then, a third-order polynomial is introduced to fit the velocity profile in order to calculate the future mean velocity. At the beginning of each guidance loop, the future mean velocity is predicted and the time-to-go information is updated, based on which a novel biased proportional navigation guidance law is established to achieve the impact time constraint. Finally, numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of the time-to-go estimation algorithm and the proposed law.     

跨音速压气机叶栅流动有粘-无粘相互作用的迭代计算

 本文利用较为先进的附面层内法向速度分布等半经验相关式,发展了一种适用于大逆压梯度的附面层积分方法。将激波近似地用大逆压梯度代替,对湍流附面层进行了快速计算,再将求得的附面层参数与无粘主流计算通过建立适当的数学模型结合起来,反复迭代后将计算结果与实验数据及无粘计算的结果比较,可以看出有粘-无粘迭代对无粘计算结果有明显改进。     

ISAR非平稳目标成像时间和转速联合估计方法

针对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)非平稳目标成像,提出基于两特显点相位联合估计成像时间和转速的方法,并得到了转速与相位斜率差(PSD)的解析表达式.首先,基于两个特显点距离单元估计目标转动相位,根据不同时间段转动相位线性度(PLD)选择成像时间.其次,在适合成像的时间段,将成像时间等分成两段,分别提取两段时间内转动相位的斜...     

具有指定闭环极点的最优控制系统鲁棒稳定摄动界

对线性二次最优控制系统,给出了选择适当加权矩阵从而保证系统具有希望闭环极点的方法。加权矩阵可以通过与期望极点有关的变换阵来调节,使得系统具有希望的动态品质。针对这种闭环系统存在不确定扰动时,得出了保证系统稳定的不确定摄动界