涂层厚度对AZ91D镁合金WC涂层性能影响研究

采用JP-5000超音速火焰喷涂技术在AZ91D镁合金表面喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等设备和浸泡腐蚀实验来分析WC涂层的组织结构和性能。结果表明：WC涂层均匀、致密,孔隙较少,涂层与基体结合紧密,无裂纹,无剥离;WC发生分解形成W2C,分解率与火焰作用时间有关;随涂层厚度的增加,涂层的显微硬度有增大的趋势;WC涂层提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性。     

镁合金表面冷喷涂420不锈钢/WC-17Co涂层及其耐磨耐蚀性能

采用冷喷涂工艺在AZ80镁合金表面制备420/WC-17Co涂层。利用SEM分析喷涂粉末形貌及涂层显微结构;通过显微硬度计和万能材料试验机测定涂层的显微硬度和结合强度;采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察涂层的摩擦磨损性能;通过电化学实验测定涂层和镁合金基材的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:采用冷喷涂工艺可在AZ80镁合金基体上制备出高质量的420/WC-17Co涂层,冷喷涂420/WC-17Co涂层的显微硬度为(615±62)HV,结合强度为(57±11)MPa,涂层的磨损率为3.3×10~(–6) mm~3·N·m,其耐磨性较镁合金基材提高了2个数量级,涂层自腐蚀电流较镁合金基材降低了1个数量级。因此,冷喷涂420/WC-17Co涂层在不产生明显热影响的情况下,可以显著提高镁合金表面的耐磨耐蚀性能,是一种较为理想的镁合金表面强化工艺。     

不同工艺粉末对超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层性能的影响

对比分析了采用烧结破碎和团聚烧结工艺制备的两种WC-10Co-4Cr粉末的物理性能和物相组成。采用超音速火焰喷涂技术对两种粉末进行了涂层制备,并对两种涂层的性能进行对比评价,结果表明:团聚烧结粉末制备涂层的硬度、孔隙率和抗冲蚀磨损性能均优于烧结破碎粉末制备涂层,但其结合强度略低于烧结破碎粉末制备涂层。     

三种热喷涂工艺制备NiCr/Cr_3C_2-BaF_2·CaF_2涂层的结构与性能

采用大气等离子喷涂、爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂三种热喷涂技术制备了NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2涂层,分析比较了涂层的显微组织、物相组成、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及其摩擦学性能。结果表明,与大气等离子喷涂相比,超音速火焰喷涂和爆炸喷涂技术制备的涂层具有更高的致密度、硬度和结合强度。采用包覆法制备的粉末进行喷涂,碳化物失碳明显减少,涂层中氧化物含量低。三种NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2热喷涂涂层的摩擦系数都随着温度的升高而减小,爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦系数比等离子喷涂涂层的摩擦系数更低,耐磨性得到提高。高温下BaF2·CaF2润滑膜的形成均可有效降低三种涂层的摩擦系数,从而降低涂层和对磨球Si3N4的磨损率。     

HVOF制备CuNiIn涂层对TC4-DT钛合金抗微动磨损的改善

研究超音速火焰喷涂CuNiIn涂层对TC21钛合金疲劳性能的影响和TC4-DT钛合金微动磨损的防护行为.结果表明,超音速火焰喷涂制备的CuNiIn涂层致密均匀、与TC21基体结合良好,且对基体的疲劳极限影响不大;涂层防护前后,TC4-DT的微动磨损机理不同,使用前为切削磨损和磨粒磨损,使用后为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;CuNiIn涂层可以有效改善TC4-DT的抗微动磨损性能,在本试验条件下,涂层使用前后磨损体积降低62％.     

TC4表面钛基激光熔覆层中WC熔解行为及摩擦学性能

WC是有效提升TC4合金表面摩擦学性能的熔覆合成材料之一,但其易在涂层中残留未熔颗粒,影响涂层的质量与性能。本研究采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术,在TC4表面制备5%,10%和15%（质量分数/%）WC的TC4+WC钛基耐磨涂层,分析研究涂层的宏微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能,重点揭示WC在熔池中的熔解和残留机制。结果表明：WC添加未影响涂层生成相种类,析出相主要包括原位TiC和基体相α-Ti、β-Ti,其中TiC与涂层中残留WC颗粒形成了共格包覆镶嵌结构相,阻止WC在熔池中的进一步熔解,导致WC在涂层中产生残留、团聚现象;WC添加量与涂层显微硬度呈正相关分布;随着材料体系中WC含量逐渐增加,涂层耐磨性能逐步提高,三个WC添加量涂层磨损率较TC4基材分别下降了约21.1%、38.2%和56.1%,但残留WC导致涂层摩擦磨损过程产生局部应力集中,摩擦学性能出现明显波动。     

TiC-TiB2复合相钛基稀土激光熔覆层组织与性能

采用通快同轴送粉4002光纤激光器,在TC4表面熔覆制备了不同含量Y₂O₃的TC4+Ni45+Co-WC+Y₂O₃钛基复合耐磨涂层。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、EPMA测试研究了涂层微观组织,利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损实验机和白光轮廓仪分析评价了涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明,涂层生成相不随Y₂O₃含量变化而改变,主要包括Ti₂Ni、TiC、TiB₂以及α-Ti;未添加Y₂O₃涂层,生成相尺寸粗大,方向性明显;随着Y₂O₃的加入,涂层组织逐步细化,生成相方向性减弱;当Y₂O₃为3wt%时,涂层析出相以颗粒和短棒状相为主,合成了大量TiC-TiB₂依附生长复合相,经二维点阵错配度计算,TiB₂（0001）与TiC （111）错配度δ为0.912%,TiC与TiB₂形成了共格界面,可有效增加涂层组织分布均匀性;Y₂O₃含量为0wt%、1wt%和3wt%时,涂层显微硬度逐渐减小,磨损体积先增大后减小,摩擦系数逐渐降低;在TiC-TiB₂复合相的作用下,3wt% Y₂O₃涂层的耐磨、减摩性最优,涂层磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

助力器活塞杆表面裂纹的喷涂修复

采用爆炸喷涂WC-17Co工艺对助力器活塞杆表面出现的裂纹进行修复。爆炸喷涂WC涂层组织均匀、结合强度大于70MPa,显微硬度大于900Hv;活塞杆修复后裂纹消除,尺寸公差和密封性均满足要求,并已通过装配测试。     

NbC含量对激光熔覆不锈钢涂层组织和性能影响

本文采用激光熔覆技术在EA1T车轴钢表面制备了添加不同碳化铌（Nb C）含量的不锈钢涂层。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）分析了复合涂层的相结构和显微组织演变,并测定了涂层的硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明,Nb C的加入起到了细化晶粒的作用,同时在晶间析出Fe(Nb,C)类硬质相。但Nb C的加入会导致涂层中树枝晶的方向性被破坏,但涂层性能增强,且随着Nb C质量分数的增加而提高。特别是当Nb C质量分数为20%时,添加的Nb C全部熔解,然后在晶间析出岛状硬质相。由于Nb C的添加引起细晶强化和弥散强化,显著提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨性。与未加Nb C涂层相比,加入质量分数20%NbC,硬度提高了15%,最高硬度为60HRC。磨损系数显著降低,强化效果最好。20%NbC的复合涂层磨损表面犁沟较浅,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

两种不同成分NiAl涂层性能的对比研究

采用双丝电弧喷涂在6061-T6铝合金基底上制备NiAl-95/05和NiAl-80/20涂层,利用标准测试方法测量涂层的机械性能,并提出了NiAl涂层摩擦磨损机理的新理论。结果表明：NiAl-80/20涂层具有较高的结合强度和显微硬度。随磨损进行,NiAl-80/20涂层的静摩擦系数随磨损的继续一直单调下降,直至最后进入稳态阶段;NiAl-95/05涂层的静摩擦系数先缓慢下降,200个循环之后由于磨损形貌的进一步恶化,静摩擦系数呈缓慢上升的趋势。NiAl-95/05涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,并且在磨损过程中伴随有犁削效应;NiAl-80/20涂层主要为粘着磨损机制,并且具有更好的耐磨性。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。