飞机燃油箱惰化能力降级指标分析

为明确飞机燃油箱惰能力降级指标，从点燃试验的试验设施、试验结果及不同试验之间结果差异的原因3个方面总结和分析了燃油箱点燃试验的文献，根据文献分析结果将燃油箱的惰化能力分为四个等级，分析发现：试验设施差异、点燃标准不同是不同试验结果存在差异的主要原因；高能点火源试验在燃爆标准、试验影响因素和试验结果方面存在特殊性，其对燃油箱混气惰化能力要求更高；飞机燃油箱的惰化能力会随着混气中氧气浓度的增加而降低，不同燃油箱惰化状态下燃油箱的安全性也存在差别，这种惰化能力的降级同时需要考虑点火源和混气气压的影响。     

大型民用飞机燃油箱污染影响与控制要求

基于大型民用飞机燃油箱常见污染物,对其进行分类,研究其来源,分析其对飞机及系统功能、性能、安全、经济性等的影响。针对飞机研制、生产阶段,从材料选用、燃油箱结构、燃油系统及相关系统设计上提出污染防护设计要求,从生产制造各环节与要素上提出污染防护控制要求。针对飞机运营阶段,对其勤务与维护维修提出污染防护监控要求。通过对飞机生命周期内燃油箱污染物的持续监控管理,实现支持飞机高效生产、安全运行的目标。     

飞机油箱的防火抑爆泡沫充填材料

飞机的燃油系统一直是其最薄弱的环节。由于航空燃油的闪点极低，且携带量日益增加，燃油箱不可避免的存在火灾和爆炸的危险。战斗机对这种危险尤其敏感，特别是在执行作战任务时，其燃油箱极易被敌方炮火击中，造成起火、爆炸事故而导致灾难性后果。除此之外，飞机燃油箱还要受到雷击和静电的威胁。所以燃油箱的防火抑爆是一个十分重要的问题。自二战以后，以美国为代表的发达国家就已开展了飞机燃油箱的防火抑爆技术研究，提出并且实施了多种燃油箱防火抑爆技术措施。美国空军实施“空中优势战斗机”计划时强调：新型战斗机在空战或对地攻…     

民用飞机燃油箱系统闪电防护分析方法研究

民机燃油箱系统的闪电防护是燃油箱安全的重要研究范畴,本文依据FAA的25-146号修正案和咨询通告AC25.954-1,介绍了民用飞机燃油箱系统闪电防护分析方法。在点火源防护分析思路的基础上,针对闪电引起的点火源,在明确飞机闪电分区后,可通过容错类设计或非容错类设计分别开展分析。针对容错类设计,可仅通过证明防护设计特征有效且可靠来表明符合性,无需进一步分析失效概率。针对非容错类设计,通过定性和定量分析法进行评估。在定性分析时,需评估非容错特征失效且引起点火源的概率小于1E-5。在定量分析中,可结合燃油箱可燃性、关键闪电和防护特征失效概率确保闪电引起燃油蒸气点燃的概率为极不可能。同时,根据闪电环境定义的电流振幅和波形对防护设计特征进行有效性验证。     

膜分离技术在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用探讨

近年来,膜分离技术在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用在国外得到了迅速发展,它的应用有效地提高了军用飞机的生存力、利用率和可靠性。本文就膜分离在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用技术作了介绍,随着该技术的不断完善和提高,它将是飞机燃油箱防火防爆工作不可或缺的技术之一。     

审定类民用无人机飞机级功能危险性分析

基于无人机"人机分离"的特有设计特点和运行限制条件,以国内某大型民用无人机为例,对我国审定类民用无人机的安全性评估方法进行了研究。通过定义无人机系统的飞机级功能,并对无人机功能失效状态概率基准的分析,建立了适合于无人机的安全性指标;开展了无人机的飞机级功能危险性评估过程,分析失效状态对无人机、机组人员、地面人员和空中其他飞行器的危害影响并划分了失效状态的危险严重等级。     

民用飞机防火系统适航审定技术分析与研究

火灾是影响运输类飞机安全运行的重要因素。飞机的防火系统为应急系统,通过对飞机的指定防护区进行探测、监控和报警并提供有效灭火,以保证飞机和机上人员的安全。鉴于此,防火系统与民用飞机的安全运行密切相关,也是适航条款要求的内容。旨在为民用飞机研制适航审定人员提供参考,同时也为防火系统适航审定工作提供相应的技术支撑。在分析民机防火系统功能要求和设计架构的基础上,依据中国民用航空规章第25部:运输类飞机适航标准(CCAR-25-R4-2011)的相应条款要求,分析了飞机防火系统可接受的符合性方法及防火系统验证试验中可接受的判据,给出防火系统在适航审查中的技术交联与工作协调。针对防火系统所涉及的各项条款,为局方提供了适航审查工作需要关注的审定要素和评审要求。研究有助于支持民机防火系统的安全设计与适航验证。     

网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的发展

介绍了用于飞机燃油箱以及干舱填充用的防火防爆网状聚氨酯泡沫材料最初的发展以及改进和使用情况。网状聚氨酯泡沫是一种轻质、柔性材料 ,它由相互连接的经络构成了空间“骨架”结构 ,这种结构实际上是一种三维的防火屏蔽。网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的防火防爆性能是经过实战检验的 ,并且在应用中不断得以改进。填充在飞机燃油箱中的网状聚氨酯泡沫材料能有效地减少由于射弹、电火花、雷击以及静电等原因引起的燃油箱过压 ,从而有效地减少了飞机的易损性 ,提高了其作战生存力     

一种基于事故树的安全风险定量评估方法

针对目前安全风险评估方法的不足,提出了基于事故树的飞机部件安全风险定量评估方法.首先采用布尔代数理论对事故树进行逻辑表述,通过概率重要度表示部件故障的后果严重度,在此基础上对飞机部件的危险度进行计算,解决了当前安全风险定量评估的难题.实例证明,该方法能够较为准确地检验飞机部件对飞行安全的影响.     

飞机燃油箱可燃性评估方法研究

FAA（美国联鄞航空局）在适航条例及其修正案中提出了专门的方法和程序来评估燃油箱的可燃性。根据飞机燃油箱安全适航条款、修正案的要求,对飞机燃油箱可燃性评估方法（MonteCarlo法）的目的、方法内容、输人参数及其作用进行了分析研究,提出了飞机燃油箱的可燃性评估思路。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.