偏心对双级旋流器出口流场影响数值模拟

采用Fluent软件,数值模拟了一级旋流器和二级旋流器偏心情况下,双级旋流器出口流场变化,湍流模型采用标准k-ε模型,计算了3种不同偏心量(0,0.5,1.7mm)下的双级旋流器出口流场,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比.研究表明:偏心对双级旋流器出口流场影响较大,0.5mm偏心下双级旋流器出口的回流区发生畸变,径向速度峰值区域位于X/D=0.5~1.0范围内;轴向速度和径向速度的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.      

多旋流器阵列贫油直喷燃烧室流场的数值模拟

采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对于同旋向多旋流器阵列贫油直喷(LDI)燃烧室流场进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,9个旋流器产生的回流区迅速变形衰减,在远离旋流器阵列的下游,形成了一个大的总体旋流.流场中存在的多个回流区及强湍流表明该燃烧室有潜力实现良好的燃烧性能.通过将RSM的模拟结果与激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测量值进行比较发现,RSM准确描述了绝大部分流动特性,较好地求解了回流区和高速度梯度问题.      

Hyshot超燃冲压发动机的CFD数值模拟

以Hyshot超燃冲压发动机试验为研究对象,分别对冷流和燃烧工况进行了CFD数值模拟.冷流模拟计算得到的壁面压力与试验结果吻合良好,且数值计算压力分布对采用的湍流流动模型不敏感;但是采用不同的湍流流动模型计算的湍流参数(湍动能和耗散率)差别很大,会对氢气燃料与气流的掺混产生重要影响,进而影响燃烧模拟结果.采用SST(shear stress transport)k-ω湍流流动模型和EDM(eddy dissipation model)湍流燃烧模型得到的模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,但是计算压力峰值略靠后.对8个不同氢气燃料喷射角度的工况进行数值模拟结果表明喷射角度为99°和114°时燃料和空气混合最好、燃烧效率可达到最高.     

三级旋流器的设计及其流场模拟

利用UG软件建立三级旋流器模型燃烧室的几何模型,采用四面体非结构网格划分方法,生成网格计算模型,应用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对该模型燃烧室的冷态流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：与旋流器其它参数相比,各级旋流器之间的流量分配对三级旋流器的流场特性（如回流区范围和中心速度分布）有较大的影响。深化了对三级旋流器各种设计参数的认识,有助于实现三级旋流器的进一步优化设计。     

三维加力燃烧室两相湍流燃烧的数值模拟

本文对涡扇发动机三维加力燃烧室内的两相湍流燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。两相流模型采用双流体模型,湍流模型采用标准 k-ε模型,湍流燃烧采用涡旋破碎 ( EBU)模型,数值方法采用 LEAGAP算法。计算结果定性合理。      

扩压器内跨音速湍流的数值模拟

采用Johnson-King非平衡代数雷诺应力湍流模型(J-K模型)和Baldwin-Lomax零方程湍流模型(B-L模型),数值模拟较强激波/边界层相互作用时扩压器内的分离流动。计算结果与实验值进行了比较,表明J-K模型比B-L代数湍流模型可较好地计算出分离流动的再附点位置,并且可更好地计算出激波强度和沿流程的压力分布,仅增加很少的计算量,并更易推广应用于三维湍流问题的数值模拟。      

湍流燃烧模型对双旋流燃烧室喷雾燃烧的影响

采用数值模拟与试验测量相结合的方法,研究扩展旋涡破碎模型、扩展二阶矩模型和涡团耗散概念模型等三种湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧流场的影响.在任意曲线坐标系下数值研究双级轴向旋流器环形燃烧室全流程流场,采用粒子图像测速仪测量燃烧流场气流速度分布,热电偶测量燃烧室出口温度分布.计算结果与验证试验数据比较表明:不同湍流燃烧模型对双旋流湍流喷雾燃烧影响较大,所得的回流区形状、速度、温度场以及出口温度分布等都不太相同,其中扩展二阶矩模型所得的结果与试验值符合最好,更适用于模拟双旋流环形燃烧室湍流喷雾燃烧.     

多旋流器阵列LDI燃烧室流场的数值模拟

采用雷诺应力模型（RSM）对于同旋向多旋流器阵列LDI燃烧室流场进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,九个旋流器产生的回流区迅速变形衰减,在远离旋流器阵列的下游,形成了一个大的总体旋流。流场中存在的多个回流区及强湍流表明该燃烧室有潜力实现良好的燃烧性能。通过将RSM的模拟结果与激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）测量值进行比较发现,RSM准确描述了绝大部分流动特性,较好地求解了回流区和高速度梯度问题。     

飞机增升装置的数值模拟研究

增升装置的设计是飞机设计的一项极其重要的内容.本文通过多块网格技术生成计算网格,运用全湍流SST(Shear stress transport)模型和带有转捩修正的SST湍流模型对飞机三维增升装置的气动力特性和流场特征进行了数值模拟研究,通过对数值计算结果与实验结果的对比分析,研究了两种湍流模型的特点及其在飞机增升装置...     

湍流模型及施密特数对点火位置的影响研究

准确预测燃料和空气湍流混合水平对精确模拟发动机性能至关重要.通过对Burrows&Kurkov氢气顺喷经典算例的数值模拟,研究了湍流模型和湍流关键参数(施密特数)对氢气和空气的混合程度以及点火位置的影响.数值结果表明:湍流模型对点火的位置具有一定的影响,其中Menter SST k-w湍流模型计算结果与实验值总体吻合最好;湍流施密特数严重影响着氢气和空气的混合程度以及燃烧流场的点火位置,其中Sct=0.5能满足大部分超燃冲压发动机燃烧算例的数值模拟.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。