高能球磨及热压合成Al_2O_3/Ti_3AlC_2复合材料显微机理分析

以Ti,Al和活性炭粉为主要原料,利用高能球磨及热压烧结工艺在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料,复合材料是在Ti3AlC2层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了在Ti-Al-C体系中,烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了反应机理及材料微观结构对性能的影响。结果表明:通过高能球磨使的Ti3AlC2的烧结温度降低,在1200℃热压烧结时得到了物相比较均匀的、致密的Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料;通过XRD,DSC和SEM测试,分析了Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料的相组成及显微结构,发现Al2O3以颗粒形式均匀地分布在Ti3AlC2基体中,起到弥散增强的效果,并通过阻碍Ti3AlC2表面微裂纹的扩展使裂纹在断裂扩展过程中中断,起到微裂纹增韧效果,大大提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

TiC／Ti3AlC2复合材料的原位合成

以Ti粉、铝粉和活性碳粉为反应原料,利用高能球磨及热压工艺合成了TiC/Ti3AlC2复合材料.研究了在Ti-Al-C体系中,温度对TiC/Ti3AlC2复合材料的影响,并重点分析了反应过程热力学机理及材料微结构的影响.结果表明:通过高能球磨及热压烧结,在1 300℃时得到了物相比较均匀、致密的TiC/Ti3AlC2复合材料.通过高能球磨使得晶粒不断得到细化,使Ti3AlC2的烧结温度降低,同时分析TiC/Ti3AlC2复合材料微观结构的增韧机理,发现TiC是以颗粒增韧方式镶嵌在Ti3AlC2基体中.     

包裹和热压工艺制备Al2O3／Ni金属陶瓷

首先通过非均相沉淀法合成Ni颗粒包裹Al2 O3 粉体 ,然后热压制备Al2 O3 / 5vol%Ni金属陶瓷。XRD结果表明 ,非晶态包裹层经 5 5 0℃煅烧和 70 0℃还原后 ,完全转变为Ni金属。显微照片表明 ,包裹层的Ni颗粒呈球形 ,团聚少 ,大小在 15～ 2 0nm。在 14 0 0℃热压包裹粉体获得 98 6 %理论密度的烧结体。显微观察发现 ,烧结体中Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中 ,且绝大部分位于三角晶界。与单相Al2 O3 相比 ,金属陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性和热导率都有明显的提高 ,并探讨了增强、增韧和热导率提高的机理     

Mg/Al合金粉末热压烧结中相变扩散过程研究

利用OLYMPUS GX71金相显微镜及EDS对Al-15％Mg热压烧结样品进行金相显微组织观察与成分分析,探讨烧结过程中组织演变过程。实验结果表明：热压烧结过程中两种粉体发生互扩散,首先在Mg颗粒边缘形成γ（Al12Mg17）相,而后随扩散的进行γ相转变为β（Al3Mg2）相,Mg颗粒由外向内不断的形成γ相,而后不断的转变为β相,直到全部生成β相。随温度的降低,β相会以极其细小的颗粒形式析出;利用真空热压烧结方法在420℃,150Mpa下保压3—4h进行固相烧结获得密度低于2．5g／cm^3致密度达98％以上的Al—15％Mg合金。     

3Y-ZrO2／Al2O3细晶复相陶瓷涡轮盘的超塑挤压

以高纯氧化铝(Al2O3)和氧化锆(3Y-ZrO2)粉末为原料,在1450℃下通过真空热压烧结制备3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3细晶复相陶瓷致密块料,随后在1500~1650℃温度范围内进行涡轮盘模拟件的超塑挤压。结果显示,3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷在1600℃具有最佳挤压性能,最大单位挤压力小于25MPa,最大压头速率达到0.14mm.min-1,成形件质量良好,无明显缺陷。与变形前相比,尽管材料晶粒明显粗化,但是致密度有很大提高,断口SEM显示主要以穿晶断裂方式为主,所以成形件的弯曲强度、断裂韧度和维氏硬度并没有出现大的变化,甚至盘片部位还有所提高,分别由变形前的573MPa,7.1MPa.m1/2和17.7GPa提高到617MPa,8.1 MPa.m1/2和18.8GPa。     

反应烧结制备六方氮化硼陶瓷

解决六方氮化硼的难烧结性,是提高其性能的关键.本文探讨了以硼粉为基体,Y2O3,、Al2O3为添加剂,在N2气氛下,反应烧结制备六方氮化硼陶瓷的工艺过程.研究结果表明,硼粉和氮气反应剧烈进行的温度区间在1 050～1 350℃,在1 550℃反应得到进一步完善.当烧结助剂的质量分数为20%,且w(Al2O3):w(Y2O3)=3:2,1 850℃保温2 h,试样有较高强度及较低气孔率,且h-BN晶粒形状大小分布均匀.     

原位热压合成Cu掺杂Al2O3／TiAl复合材料

利用Ti-Al-TiO2一CuO体系的放热反应,原位热压合成了Cu掺杂的AJ2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助DSC和XRD研究了Ti-Al-TiO2-CuO体系的反应过程,并采用XRD、SEM研究了复合材料的物相组成及显微结构.结果表明:在Al的开始熔化的同时,Al和CuO的反应开始缓慢进行,并形成CuTix中间产物,放出大量的热,促使Al和TiO2的反应提前,进而使材料在较低温度下致密烧结.CuO掺杂量为6%(质量分数)时所得复合材料弯曲强度可达474 MPa,断裂韧度可达8.89 MPa·m1/2.     

宽温域连续润滑的Ni3 Al 基自润滑复合材料

报道了一种从室温到1 000℃能够连续润滑的Ni3Al基自润滑复合材料.该材料选用高温强度和抗氧化性优异的Ni3Al金属间化合物为基体材料,利用多种高、低温固体润滑剂的复合和协同效应实现了宽温域连续润滑.本文介绍了利用真空热压烧结方法制备该自润滑复合材料的简要过程,研究了材料的高温力学性能,并在球盘式高温摩擦试验机(HT-1000型)和销盘式高速摩擦试验机上分别测试了不同温度和转速下Ni3Al基自润滑复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,材料在1 000℃时具有优异的力学性能(压缩强度40～45 MPa)和自润滑性能(摩擦因数0.28 ～0.25),在高载和高速条件下具有稳定的更低的摩擦因数.     

粉体特性对铜基金属粉末选区激光烧结的影响

 设计制备了多组分铜基金属粉末（组分包括Cu,Cu-10Sn,Cu-8.4P）,并基于液相烧结机制实现了粉体激光烧结成形。研究了粉体特性（粉末粒度、颗粒形貌、化学成分、组分比例、及混粉均匀性）对烧结致密度及显微组织的影响。结果表明,粗细粉末共混,并使其具有较宽粒度分布;使用球形或近球形细粉,均能提高粉末松装密度及烧结致密度。元素P能充当脱氧剂而改善润湿性;但若CuP含量多于15％质量分数,会因生成过多磷渣而降低烧结性。提高粘结金属CuSn比例能使烧结致密度得以改善;但若其含量超过30％质量分数,则会导致“球化”效应。提高混粉均匀性,有利于改善烧结致密度和组织均匀性。     

碳化铬／Ni3Al复合材料的高温抗氧化性能

对比研究碳化铬/Ni3Al复合材料和传统高温耐磨材料Stellite 12合金在1000℃时的高温氧化行为.结果表明,Stellite 12合金表面形成以Cr2O3为主的氧化膜,并发生明显剥落;而碳化铬/Ni3Al复合材料表面形成以α-Al2O3为主的致密氧化膜,其空气中的氧化速率仅为Stellite 12合金的1/2,碳化铬具有良好的抗氧化稳定性并与Ni3Al基体有较好的氧化协同性.分析认为,碳化铬在堆焊过程中发生溶解导致部分Cr固溶于Ni3Al合金基体中,促进α-Al2O3的形成,从而改善复合材料的抗氧化性.而材料表面所形成的氧化膜类型是两种材料抗氧化性差异的主要原因.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.