强化固溶对含Sr 7085型铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度和电导率测试、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀试验、金相及扫描电镜观察,研究强化固溶处理对含锶(Sr)7085型铝合金(Al-7.95Zn-1.80Mg-1.59Cu-0.15Zr-0.024Sr)硬度、电导率、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,与常规固溶(470℃/2 h)处理相比,强化固溶(470℃/h+480℃/2 h+490℃/2 h)处理使合金中粗大第二相溶解更为充分,经进一步常规T6(121℃/2 h)时效处理后,强化固溶处理的合金其硬度略微降低、电导率有所提高,抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能显著提高。本文的研究结果说明,强化固溶处理是一种提高含Sr 7085型铝合金抗腐蚀性能尤其是抗剥落腐蚀性能的有效手段。     

单级固溶处理对7136铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过OM,SEM,DSC差热分析和室温拉伸性能测试,研究了单级固溶处理对7136铝合金挤压板带组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金固溶处理温度越高,时间越长,粗大第二相溶解越多;合金在480℃进行固溶处理时,出现过烧组织特征。随着固溶时间的延长,呈现出晶粒粗化和再结晶组织比例增加的趋势。本合金适宜的单级固溶制度为470℃/4h,再经(120℃/24 h)峰时效处理后,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为698 MPa,47MPa和12.8%。     

新型形变热处理2618铝合金的显微组织与力学性能研究

对2618铝合金进行了(1)固溶处理+峰值时效处理(T6),(2)固溶处理+ECAP+峰值时效处理,(3)固溶处理+ECAP+短时再结晶+峰值时效处理;采用光学显微镜对2618合金的晶粒组织进行了观察与分析;采用拉伸试验机对2618合金峰值时效处理后的力学性能进行了测试。研究结果表明,采用固溶处理+ECAP+短时再结晶+峰值时效处理能明显细化2618耐热铝合金的晶粒组织,有效提高该合金的综合力学性能;该新型形变热处理工艺是一种行之有效的2618铝合金强韧化方法。     

Ti-Zr-Si合金的时效转变与显微组织分析

通过真空自耗电极炉熔炼得到硅锆质量比为1：2的Ti-Zr-Si合金材料，对合金材料进行了1200℃／3．5h的固溶处理和850℃不同时间的时效处理。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、EDX分析了Ti-Zr-Si合金的铸造、固溶和不同时效阶段的显微组织及其相组成。分析结果表明，硅锆比为1：2的Ti-Zr-Si合金，铸造组织由β-Ti、晶界为块状β-Ti和条状的5-3型硅化物组成；Ti-Zr-Si合金经过850℃／480min的时效处理，5-3型硅化物转变为2-1型硅化物；尺寸细小、分布均匀的2-1型硅化物使制备高性能的Ti／(Ti，Zr)2Si复合材料成为可能。     

粉末冶金法制备Cu-Ni-Si合金的组织和性能

以单质Cu粉、Ni粉和Si粉为原料,通过热压烧结方法制备Cu含量为94(质量分数,%),Ni、Si质量比为4∶1的Cu-Ni-Si合金。经过900℃固溶处理2 h和450℃时效处理4 h后,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射仪对合金的显微组织和相组成进行了分析。结果表明：合金中只有δ-Ni₂Si相形成,且δ-Ni₂Si相的组织形貌及分布状态对合金的力学性能和导电率起着决定性的作用;经过时效处理后,析出的δ-Ni₂Si相使合金的导电率和维氏硬度都明显提高。     

一级时效对DD3单晶高温合金蠕变性能的作用

根据DD3合金的热分析和相分析结果,设计了以增大.γ'平均尺寸、改善γ'尺寸分布和提高析出相含量为目的的时效和固溶处理制度,进行了提高DD3单晶高温合金蠕变性能的热处理工艺研究.结果表明,增加一级高温时效处理可使γ'相尺寸明显增大;高温时效温度高于1080℃时,γ'相过分长大;1060℃/4h时效处理后,γ'相组织最优;配合在1265℃/4h的固溶处理,γ'相含量得到提高的同时,合金蠕变、拉伸性能优异.组织与性能研究证明,加入一级高温时效处理的新工艺可使DD3合金组织得到明显优化,760～1038℃范围内的蠕变性能获得显著提高.根据该结果,新的热处理工艺确定为:1265℃/4h,AC+1060℃/4h,Ac+870℃/32h.     

定向凝固钴基高温合金DZ40M的热处理研究

研究了热处理对新研制的定向凝固钴基高温合金DZ40M组织和性能的影响。结果表明 :12 80℃ / 4h固溶处理可完全溶解DZ40M合金中初生碳化物M7C3 和MC ,合金成为单相固溶体。95 0℃和 10 5 0℃时效处理可使DZ40M合金发生硬化 ,以 95 0℃时效硬化效果更为明显 ,相应的峰时效制度为 95 0℃ / 12h和 10 5 0℃ / 2 4h。时效处理引起M2 3 C6沉淀析出。 95 0℃ / 12h时效显著提高DZ40M合金室温强度和高温持久寿命 ,同时也减少了合金塑性 ,但合金仍保持一定的塑性。 10 5 0℃ / 2 4h虽然能增加室温拉伸性能 ,但削弱了高温持久性能     

固溶热处理对7136铝合金组织性能的影响

通过OM,SEM,DSC差热分析和室温拉伸性能测试,研究了固溶热处理对7136铝合金挤压板带组织及性能的影响。结果表明:挤压态合金中残留相以AlZnMgCu四元相和Al2CuMg相为主;合金适宜的单级固溶温度为470℃,随固溶温度由450℃升至480℃,残留相的尺寸及数量减少,再结晶比例增加;固溶温度达到475℃及以上,合金会发生过烧;经450℃/4h+470℃/8h双级固溶后,合金在保持较低再结晶比例的同时残留相回溶较充分,合金T6态的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为701MPa,645MPa和12.2%;进一步提高温度对合金进行三级固溶处理,合金可以获得更理想的回溶效果,但易发生过烧。     

固溶处理对含Ag的Al-Cu-Mg合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用金相显微镜(OA)、扫描电镜( SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、拉伸测试等方法研究了固溶处理对含Ag的Al-Cu-Mg合金力学性能与组织的影响.结果表明:合金的最佳固溶工艺为:515℃/1.5 h.185℃时效处理4h后,合金的抗拉强度为503 MPa,伸长率为12.3％.在510 ～ 52...     

第二代定向高温合金DZ6热处理研究

为了获得平衡的横纵向性能,二代定向合金Dz6的热处理工艺包括预处理、固溶和三级时效.1120℃的高温时效处理提高了DZ6合金的纵、横向持久寿命;同时,1120℃时效后的缓冷处理,使横向870℃/448MPa持久寿命由未经缓冷处理的36h增加至244h,延伸率由0.6%提高至4.5%;中温870℃/16h时效处理使合金纵向760℃/780MPa持久寿命比900℃/4h时效处理时提高一倍.热处理后γ'呈规则立方状,合金的晶界由γ'和析出的块状MC组成.以高温时效结合缓冷处理为特点的热处理制度,不但使DZ6合金的纵向持久寿命比铸态时提高一倍,而且还获得了良好的横向性能.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。