VHF (metric band) radars from Nizhny Novgorod ResearchRadiotechnical Institute

This paper gives an overview of VHF (metric band) radars developed and manufactured in Nizhny Novgorod Research Radiotechnical Institute ¹ during 50 years of its existence. The salient features, technical performances, advantages and problems of those radars are discussed     

Hierarchical resource management in adaptive airborne surveillance radars

In this paper we present hierarchical resource management algorithms for adaptive airborne surveillance radars. By abstracting the physical layer sensor performance into a quality of service measure, the resource management problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process. A two-level (two-timescale) resource management algorithm is presented based on Lagrangian relaxation. A numerical example is given with scenarios involving different target densities.     

Track-before-detect procedures for early detection of moving target from airborne radars

In this paper we present a family of track-before-detect (TBD) procedures for early detection of moving targets from airborne radars. Upon a sectorization of the coverage area, the received echoes are jointly processed in the azimuth-range-Doppler domain and in the time domain through a Viterbi-like algorithm that exploits the physically admissible target transitions between successive illuminations, in order to collect all of the energy back-scattered during the time on target (TOT). A reduced-complexity implementation is derived assuming, at the design stage, that the target does not change resolution cell during the TOT in each scan. The constant false alarm rate (CFAR) constraint is also englobed in the proposed procedures as well as the possibility of working with quantized data. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have good detection and tracking capabilities even for high target velocities and low quantization rates.     

Reacting to new air defence threats: a netcentric approach to the Hungarian air defence system augmented by VHF radars

Different types of distributed radar systems and data fusion centers are increasingly used by surface-based air defense systems. Besides the well-established airborne threats, new platforms for air surveillance and attacking devices have appeared and recognized air picture (RAP) production needs to be revised and modified following the events of September 11, 2001. From a military operational and logistic support point of view, it is well-known that not only the long range radars currently in operation, but also the recently procured radars, degrade in performance rapidly and their maintenance costs are high. Using the possibilities offered by emerging technical developments, the problem is to upgrade sensors and existing infrastructure in a way that exploits the information gathered optimally. It is the opinion of this author that one of the most promising approaches to emphasis net-centricity is the use of radar-triangle netcentric structures augmented by netted VHF radars to solve these tasks in a cost-effective manner. This work introduces an analysis of a solution that fully integrates newly required capabilities into the current long range radar net and infrastructure, keeping research and development (R&D) and maintenance at a low cost.     

VHF空地数据译码系统框架设计与实现

提出了基于COM 组件的VHF空地数据译码系统框架,着重介绍了报文识别组件、网络通信组件与译码组件及其基于.NET平台和C#语言的设计与实现。经ACARS数据测试,系统各组件工作正常,所译参数正确。     

机载电气设备ATE的设计和实现

介绍了电气设备ATE系统的软、硬件设计和实现电气设备ATE是一套总线式机载设备地面自动检测系统,采用开放式ATE系统结构,应用VXI和GPIB总线技术和先进的图形化测试软件技术等.     

The present and the future of random signal radars

The 30+ year development of random signal radar (RSR) is described in this paper. Conventional methods of implementing RSRs are summarized: correlation, spectrum analysis, and anti-correlation. Some typical RSR systems are introduced; for example: noise frequency modulation continuous wave radar; and random binary phase-coded continuous wave radar, and their merits and demerits are also pointed out. Finally, the development trends of RSR is analyzed     

Bias compensation and tracking with monopulse radars in the presence of multi path

The problem of tracking targets in the presence of reflections from sea or ground is addressed. Both types of reflections (specular and diffuse) are considered. Specular reflection causes large peak errors followed by an approximately constant bias in the monopulse ratio, while diffuse reflection has random variations which on the average generate a bias in the monopulse ratio. Expressions for the average error (bias) in the monopulse ratio due to specular and diffuse reflections and the corresponding variance in the presence of noise in the radar channels are derived. A maximum maneuver-based filter and a multiple model estimator are used for tracking. Simulation results for five scenarios, typical of sea skimmers, with Swerling III fluctuating radar cross sections (RCSs) indicate the significance and efficiency of the technique developed in this paper-a 65% reduction of the rms error in the target height estimate.     

Radar signals analysis and modellization in the presence of JEMapplication to civilian ATC radars

This paper describes the application of a simulation software and the comparison of its results with actual data recorded from operating ATC radars in S and L bands. Results obtained in an application on actual signals (relative to commercial aircraft echoes) collected from observations on the echo received at an ATC radar system are presented. These signals were recorded along many field experiments carried out by the authors on a recording system specifically developed for this purpose. Due to the constitutive and operative characteristics of the systems, the results are affected by a low spectral resolution and a strong aliasing which give rise to problems in a correct analysis. The observed results have been related to the physical phenomena generated by the structure of the complex target we suppose to be made of a rigid body and rotating parts which originate such a modulation on the echo signal that it is known in related literature as Jet Engine Modulation (JEM). These phenomena may be regarded as a signature of the particular couple “engine-aircraft body” and in some flight conditions may offer significant help to a correct characterization of the aircrafts     

直升机超短波通信链路分析

通过对超短波通信链路的分析,得出直升机超短波通信链路模型;以实现超短波电台通信距离要求为目标,分析通信链路中影响通信距离的各因素及其影响程度,并根据直升机实际情况,对机上配置多部超短波电台及与其他机载设备的电磁兼容性方面提出改善建议。     

机载超短波电台通信距离近原因分析与外场测试

地空通信距离是机载超短波电台的重要性能指标.针对飞行过程中发生的通信距离近问题,首先介绍了通信距离近的三种情形,针对不同情形分析了主要原因,为了准确进行故障定位,提出了机载超短波电台主要性能指标的原位测试思路,并给出了具体的测试过程和方法.     

Design of an Open-Loop gust alleviation control system for airborne gravimetry

Aircraft operation at low altitude is affected by turbulence producing additional aerodynamic forces and moments. This results in aircraft acceleration and reduces the performance of an airborne gravimeter substantially. To reduce this effect, a gust alleviation control system is necessary. In this paper the control performance of an Open-Loop Control System is examined in the frequency and time domain. The analysis is made by computation of the power density spectra of the vertical and the horizontal acceleration in geodetic co-ordinates. The design objective for the gust alleviation system is a considerable improvement of the gravity measurement accuracy, in particular in the frequency range between 0 Hz and 1 Hz. The requirements of the gravity measurement are at 1 km anomaly wavelength and 1 mGal of accuracy.     

Analysis of array errors and a short-time processor in airbornephased array radars

Array errors are inherent in a realistic phased array radar system. The influence of array errors on the clutter degrees of freedom and the clutter subspace in an airborne phased array radar is analyzed. Based on the presented theoretic results, a method of short-time processing followed by coherent integration is proposed for clutter suppression in airborne phased array radars. It can approximate the two-dimensional optimal processor well even in the presence of array errors, clutter fluctuations and aircraft drift, with a considerable saving in computations     

机载雷达模拟器设计中的DirectDraw和多线程技术

阐述了某型机载雷达模拟器的软件组成,介绍了雷达威力计算时采用的坐标转换方法,详细地论述了在模拟器软件设计中采用的DirectDraw和多线程技术.     

民航VHF地空通信干扰对策研究

民航VHF地空通信干扰是近年来困扰中国民航的难点问题。通过对中国某机场干扰情况的深入调查和研究,明确了主要干扰源及其产生机理。同时结合中国电磁环境的实际情况和民航自身的特点,提出了从民航自身入手、加强管理、建立监控体系和应急VHF通信接收系统的解决思路。     

基于高度分集的两波束米波雷达测高方法及其应用

米波雷达的波束较宽、由于地面反射引起波瓣分裂,通常只能估高而不能用来测高.针对这一难题本文提出一种基于高度分集的两波束米波雷达测高方法.该方法采用高度不同的两个天线,利用波瓣分裂情况及相互相位关系来测量目标高度.文章分析了此方法测高的精度及影响精度的一些因素.本测高方法已应用于某型雷达信号处理机中,并取得良好效果.     

Design and analysis of a novel hybrid cooling method of high-speed high-power permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance starter/generator in aviation applications

To improve the heat dissipation performance, this paper proposes a novel hybrid cooling method for high-speed high-power Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Starter/Generator (PMaSynR S/G) in aerospace applications. The hybrid cooling structure with oil circulation in the housing, oil spray at winding ends and rotor end surface is firstly proposed for the PMaSynR S/G. Then the accurate loss calculation of the PMaSynR S/G is proposed, which includes air gap friction loss under oil spray cooling, copper loss, stator and rotor core loss, permanent magnet eddy current loss and bearing loss. The parameter sensitivity analysis of the hybrid cooling structure is proposed, while the equivalent thermal network model of the PMaSynR S/G is established considering the uneven spraying at the winding ends. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid cooling method is demonstrated on a 40 kW/24000 r/min PMaSynR S/G experimental platform.     

Clutter and jammer multipath cancellation in airborne adaptiveradar

Airborne surveillance radars must detect and localize targets in diverse interference environments consisting of ground clutter, conventional jamming, and terrain scattered jammer multipath. Multidimensional adaptive filtering techniques have been proposed to adaptively cancel this interference. However, a detailed analysis that includes the effects of multipath nonstationarity has been elusive. This work addresses the nonstationary nature of the jammer multipath and its impact on clutter cancellation and target localization. It is shown that the weight updating needed to track this interference will also modulate sidelobe signals. At the very least, this complicates the localization of targets. At the worst, it also greatly complicates the rejection of clutter. Several techniques for improving cancellation of jammer multipath and clutter are proposed, including 1) weight vector interpolation, extrapolation, and updating; 2) filter architecture, constraint, and beamspace selection; 3) prefilters; 4) 3-D STAP architectures; and 5) multidimensional sidelobe target editing     

甚高频空地数据链通信协议架构及转换流程研究

分析了甚高频空地数据链结构及其通信协议的架构,在此基础上综合描述各协议的关系及报文在各协议间格式的转换流程,为空地数据链的数据译码奠定了坚实的基础。