透视神九航天医学空间实验

6月18日下午17时06分，神舟九号飞船指令长景海鹏打开天宫一号目标飞行器舱门，3名航天员顺利进入天宫一号。在太空飞行的第3天到第12天，即神舟九号与天宫一号组合体飞行的第1天到第10天，航天员在天宫一号内完成了15项空间医学实验。女航天员刘洋作为任务专家，承担着相对较多的实验任务。总体负责空间实验的照料和管理。     

发射短讯

我国将于2010年发射天宫一号空间实验室 2009年2月10日报道,随着我国航天技术水平的不断提高,空间站也逐渐揭开了神秘面纱。天宫一号目标飞行器设计重量为8t。根据规划,中国将在2010年发射。天宫一号实际上是空间实验室的实验版。之后,我国将发射神舟八号。“神八”是一艘无人的神舟飞船,与天宫一号进行无人自动对接试验。2015年前,我国将再陆续发射天宫二号、天宫三号两个空间实验室。     

安全舒适的太空“大开间”——天宫二号结构机构分系统探秘

正天宫二号的规模与天宫一号一致,也是一个长期在轨自动运行、短期载人的飞行器,是我国建造空间站之前进行技术验证的重要阶段,要进一步验证空间交会对接技术及进行一系列空间试验。如果把这个对接组合体比作太空居室,那么天宫二号结构则是这个"大开间"的主结构,航天员将在其中工作与生活。那么这个大开间有哪些奥妙之处呢?记者走进了中国航天科技集团公司五院总体部,一探天宫二号结构机构分系统的奥妙。固若金汤     

动态新闻

正天宫二号成功发射据新华网2016年9月15日报道,当天,搭载着天宫二号空间实验室的长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射。约575s后,天宫二号与火箭成功分离,进入预定轨道,发射取得圆满成功,天宫二号空间实验室是我国首个太空实验室平     

天宫二号空间实验室实现多项“首次”验证

正2016年9月15日发射的天宫二号空间实验室是我国首个具备补加功能的载人航天科学实验空间实验室,是在天宫一号目标飞行器基础上研制的航天器,外形相同,但却承担着不同的任务。天宫二号空间实验室首次实现航天员30天中期驻留、首次应用推进剂补加技术、提前验证空间站技术,并开展地球观测和空间地球系统科学、空间应用新技术、空间技术和航天医学等领域的应用和试验,包括释放伴随小卫星,完成货运飞船与天宫二号的对接。     

天宫二号和神舟十一号载人飞行任务过程回放

正9月15日22时04分,搭载天宫二号空间实验室的长征二号F T2运载火箭,在我国酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射,约575秒后,天宫二号与火箭成功分离,进入预定轨道,发射取得圆满成功。9月16日,在北京航天飞行控制中心精确控制下,天宫二号成功实施了两次轨道控制,顺利进入在轨测试轨道。进入在轨测试轨道后,地面人员对天宫二号平台上各分系统的基本功能和稳定性进行了测试,还利用搭载的有效载荷开展一系列空间科学试验活动。     

为建设空间站积累经验——欧洲“空间实验室”项目的来龙去脉

我国将于2011年下半年发射重约8吨、设计寿命2年的天宫一号,它既是用于与神舟八号、九号、十号对接的目标飞行器,又是1个简易空间实验室,为之后建造的天宫二号、三号空间实验室作准备。那么,国外研制过空间实验室吗？     

我国空间实验室“首秀”获得圆满成功

2011年9月29日21时16分,长征二号F/T1火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射天宫一号目标飞行器,准确地将天宫一号目标飞行器送入预定轨道,揭开了天宫一号/神舟八号空间交会对接任务的序幕。我国空间实验室首秀获得圆满成功。     

多目标多约束组合体与飞船轨道维持优化

针对天宫二号/神舟十一号任务组合体运行与飞船返回要求,建立了升交点经度、轨道偏心率、指定时刻轨道高度及速度倾角等多目标特征参数的控制方程;根据组合体至飞船撤离准备各阶段的飞行特点,分析了近圆轨道偏心率中长期演化情况以及飞船返回双脉冲控制量随控制时间的变化规律,提出了通过两次组合体与飞船联合规划来满足不同约束的控制策略;根据撤离后飞船、天宫以及伴星的相对运动关系研究了结合规避控制的飞船双脉冲维持优化控制方案。最后依据神舟十一号任务的飞行过程,设计算例验证了该方法的有效性,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

中国成功实现神舟八号与天宫一号交会对接

11月3日凌晨01时36分,在轨运行30圈的神舟八号飞船和在轨运行541圈的天宫一号目标飞行器,在距离地面高度为343公里的轨道上成功地实施了交会对接,实现两航天器刚性连接,形成组合体。组合体飞行由目标飞行器负责控制,飞船处于停靠状态,组合体设备工作正常,各项在轨试验进展顺利。     

CASC Guaranteed Success of Shenzhou 9 Mission

<正>China’s first manned space docking mission between Shenzhou 9 spaceship and Tiangong1 target spacecraft achieved a complete success when all the three astronauts aboard climbed out of the Shenzhou 9 recoverable capsule in good physical condition on June 29. Jing Haipeng, commander of the Shenzhou 9, climbed out of the     

载人航天空空通信子系统及其关键技术

介绍了实现神舟运输飞船与天宫目标飞行器间数据通信和传输的空空通信子系统的构成,以及空空通信机的功能及其主要性能指标。空空通信子系统采用抗干扰能力强、保密性优的直接序列扩频通信技术。分析了其中的核心中频解扩解调中的伪码同步和载波同步等关键技术,应用数字解调方案降低了子系统调试难度,提高了可靠性。     

Technology Improvement for the High Reliability LM-2F Launch Vehicle

The Long March 2 F(LM-2F) launch vehicle, the only launch vehicle designed for manned space flight in China, successfully launched the Tiangong 2 space laboratory and the Shenzhou 11 manned spaceship into orbits in 2016 respectively. In this study, it introduces the technological improvements for enhancing the reliability of the LM-2F launch vehicle in the aspects of general technology, control system, manufacture and ground support system. The LM-2F launch vehicle will continue to provide more contributions to the Chinese Space Station Project with its high reliability and 100% success rate.     

航天发射场加注系统风险评估技术研究

针对航天发射场加注系统风险评估主观随意性较大的问题,提出了基于综合云的多属性风险评估方法,并对某发射场加注系统的运行状态进行了风险评估.首先应用属性约简算法将加注系统风险源权重的确定问题转化为粗糙集理论中属性重要性的评价问题,通过计算得到加注系统各风险源的权重,从而使得加注系统风险源权重的确定更具客观性和合理性;其次,对综合云公式进行了改进,使权重系数直接参与不确定性计算,充分考虑了加注系统性能指标的评分误差给最终结果带来的各种影响.评估结果表明:1)当前使用中的加注泵性能为良偏下,此时的加注系统已经存在了安全隐患,需要更换新的加注泵,否则就容易发生危险;2)该方法能够进一步得到加注系统实际的更多细微信息,结果更加贴近实际.     

航天国际合作项目进度风险管理研究

文章针对航天国际合作项目的发展趋势,对其管理模式进行了对比分析,指出新模式对项目计划和风险管理提出的新要求,对航天国际合作项目的工作分解结构、进度管理和风险管理的关联性进行了描述,提出基于风险管理的进度管理体系结构和将风险纳入计划管理体系的工作流程,并给出航天国际合作项目进度管理的有效解决方案。     

Toward understanding the active SETI debate: Insights from risk communication and perception

Insights from the robust field of risk communication and perception have to date been almost totally absent from the policy debate regarding the relative risks and merits of Active SETI or Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI). For many years, the practice (or proposed practice) of Active SETI has generated a vigorous and sometimes heated policy debate within the scientific community. There have also been some negative reactions in the media toward the activities of those engaged in Active SETI. Risk communication is a scientific approach to communication regarding situations involving potentially sensitive or controversial situations in which there may be high public concern and low public trust. The discipline has found wide acceptance and utility in fields such as public health, industrial regulation and environmental protection. Insights from the scientific field of risk communication (such as omission bias, loss aversion, the availability heuristic, probability neglect, and the general human preference for voluntary over involuntary risks) may help those who have participated in either side of the debate over Active SETI to better understand why the debate has taken on this posture. Principles of risk communication and risk perception may also help those engaged in Active SETI to communicate more effectively with other scientists, the public, with the media, and with policy makers regarding their activities and to better understand and respond to concerns expressed regarding the activity.     

基于飞轮控制的空间机器人质量参数辨识

针对空间机器人进行在轨辨识时存在精度不高、燃料消耗较大等问题,提出了基于飞轮控制的在轨辨识方法,可以有效地解决辨识时存在的问题。该方法采用飞轮控制作为激励方式,通过改变机械臂的构型使整个空间机器人系统的质量分布发生变化,分别测量构型改变后的角速度和线加速度,以计算出基座本体的质量、质心和转动惯量。此外,分析了机械臂与本体的质量比对辨识精度的影响。仿真结果表明,本文的方法可操作性强、精度较高,燃料消耗较小,可以应用于空间机器人的在轨辨识中。     

Insurance strategies for covering risks in outer space: a French perspective

With the growth of commercial activities in outer space, insurers have found an emerging new market. Insurance policy for space satellites has been built chiefly in France and the USA and underwent various crises in the 1980s and 1990s. While the main risks have been more or less identified, their occurrence has shifted from the launch phase to the orbital period over the past few years. At the same time, the duration of insurance policies has been extended up to five years in certain cases, with an adverse effect on profits. The dual-use nature of most spacecraft also makes it difficult to obtain data necessary for the precise identification of risk. An analysis of the space insurance market and its contractual regime is presented, with the aim of identifying emerging trends, and the means by which insurers can develop this still immature sector without compromising their profits.     

中长期轨道预报中大气阻力系数补偿算法的研究

利用地磁平静期的CHAMP卫星精密星历对多个弧段的大气阻力系数进行解算,找到了适用于轨道预报的最优系数,分析了最优阻力系数与地磁指数、迹向残差的关系,利用线性回归分析建立了大气阻力系数补偿算法。针对中长期轨道预报的需求,该算法能够降低定轨弧段较短条件下阻力系数的解算误差。将该补偿算法应用于不同时期CHAMP卫星和天宫一号的轨道预报,验证了该算法的正确性和普遍适用性,结果表明预报精度能够提高20%以上。     

Radiation protection guidelines for space activities

At the beginning of the space age the dangers of hurtling into space were considerable. Despite this fact, radiation risks were examined in the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. and recommendations were made to limit the exposure of the crews to radiation. To date the radiation exposures of crews on missions in low-Earth orbits have been low. Now that missions in low-Earth orbit are becoming longer in duration and new missions into deep space are being considered, radiation protection guidelines become more important. Recently the estimates of the risks of radiation-induced cancer have been increased and new guidelines on radiation exposure limits for crew members must be developed. For deep space missions the guidelines take into account the risks posed by heavy ions. Unfortunately, knowledge about these risks is insufficient. If the new risk estimates are applied, current career dose limits may have to be reduced by a factor of two.