PB类助剂对硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂性能的影响

为改善硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂药浆的工艺性能，考察了自制PB类功能助剂对该推进剂工艺和力学等性能的影响。结果表明：PB类助剂可降低药浆的粘度与屈服值，延长适用期；同时具有键合功效，可保持推进剂良好的力学性能，具有多功能作用，是该类推进剂较好的功能助剂。     

硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂药浆固化反应研究

从推进剂药浆固化的动态流变特征出发，用DRA动态流变学方法研究了硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂的固化反应动力学。结果表明：它可提供推进剂药浆固化的表观凝胶化时间和固化反应的表观活化能；活化能随动态条件的不同而异，具有明显的固化反应指纹特征；动态流变学方法可对药浆直接进行固化反应动力学研究。对于深入研究推进剂性能将有很好的实际意义。     

GAP/AN推进剂安全性能研究

利用冲击感度和摩擦感度测试研究了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚／硝酸铵（ＧＡＰ／ＡＮ）推进剂及其常用组分的安全性能,指出了影响ＧＡＰ／ＡＮ推进剂冲击感度和摩擦感度的主要因素为硝酸酯（ＢＴＴＮ／ＮＧ）,ＡＰ,ＨＭＸ等添加剂。硝酸铵具有非常低的冲击感度和摩擦感度,是理想的低易损性推进剂的氧化剂。硝酸酯增塑的ＧＡＰ／ＡＮ推进剂不仅具有较高的能量,而且安全性能显著优于ＧＡＰ／ＡＰ,ＧＡＰ／ＨＭＸ,ＧＡＰ／ＨＮＦ推进剂。     

高能固体推进剂燃速压力指数的分析

本文根据双基系列推进剂的发展与演变,在实验的基础上分析了影响CMDB推进剂燃速压力指数的各种因素并推论了降低高能固体推进剂压力指数的具体措施,这些讨论对于新一代硝酸酯增塑的聚醚聚氨酯推进剂燃烧性能的研究具有指导意义.     

硝胺类高能复合固体推进剂的新型键合剂──中性聚合物键合剂

硝胺类高能复合固体推进剂的新型键合剂──中性聚合物键合剂ＡＮＥＷＢＯＮＤＩＮＧＡＧＥＮＴＦＯＲＮＩＴＲＡＭＩＮＥＥＮＥＲＧＥＴＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＬＬＡＮＴＳ１前言硝胺炸药（ＨＭＸ，ＲＤＸ）广泛地用于高能、少烟、无烟固体推进剂中。在硝酸酯增塑聚醚高能推进剂...     

硝酸酯增塑的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体推进剂

研究了在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPU )软段中引入聚乙二醇 (PEG) ,以改善与硝酸酯的混溶能力。通过控制 PEG的相对分子质量和含量 ,可使硝酸酯与 TPU的混溶比大于 4。采用溶剂法挤压成型工艺成功地制成了硝酸酯增塑的 TPU推进剂。此类推进剂的理论比冲为 2 598N· s/kg～ 2 648N· s/kg,燃烧性能优良 ,空白配方的压力指数为 0 .36,常、低温力学性能优异 ,可为硝酸酯增塑 ,加工温度较低。该推进剂是一个可以实现以挤压工艺生产的复合推进剂新品种 ,具有良好的应用前景。此外 ,对推进剂的热分解性能也进行了研究     

推进剂中新型聚醚聚氨酯粘合剂的热分解行为

采用ＳＤＣ和ＴＧ两种热分析方法研究了推进剂中两种新型聚醚粘合剂及经不同增塑剂增塑后的聚氨酯弹性的热分解行为。研究表明环氧乙烷／四氢呋喃共聚醚具有较好的热稳定性, 热分解大约从２２０°Ｃ开始; 用Ｎ－１００ 固化和加入抗氧剂均能显著提高其稳定性。聚氨酯弹性体的热失重分阶段进行, 首先是增塑剂的挥发和分解, 然后是聚氨酯网络的裂解。以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）为聚醚二元醇的聚氨酯比共聚醚聚氨酯具有较低的热稳定性, 但经硝酸酯增塑后,ＰＥＧ体系比共聚醚体系表现出较高的稳定性。     

硝酸酯增塑聚醚高能推进剂高压燃烧性能研究

实验研究了硝酸酯增塑聚醚高能推进剂高压燃烧性能。通过对PET,PEG和叠氮聚醚三种粘合剂;NG,TEGDN及BTTN三种增塑剂;AP,RDX,Al粉的含量和粒度进行研究,发现推进剂在9～25MPa压强范围内燃速 压强曲线存在拐点,得出了推进剂各主要组成及固体组分的含量和粒度变化时推进剂高压燃烧性能的变化规律:分别以PET,PEG和叠氮聚醚为粘合剂时,推进剂燃速依次升高;含不同增塑剂的推进剂的燃速随增塑剂中硝酸酯基含量的增加而增加;AP含量增加同时RDX含量减小,燃速增大并且压强指数降低;AP粒度减小时,燃速增大,并且超细AP可大幅度增加燃速;Al粒度减小时,燃速先减小后增大,致使推进剂压强指数升高。     

GAP推进剂综述

GAP推进剂是一种以缩水甘油叠氮聚醚(GAP)为粘合剂的固体推进剂.自八十年代以来,美、日等国都在积极开发这种新型的推进剂,令人瞩目.众所周知,用硝酸酯增塑的聚醚推进剂和以硝胺炸药为基的少烟、无烟推进剂在安全性能方面还不尽如人意,它们皆属于在强冲击下有爆炸危险的1.1级,北约各国军方对此评价不一.因此,各国推进剂工作者正在积极研制在恶劣条件下无爆炸危险的1.3级高能推进剂和少烟、无烟推进剂.     

组分对硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂燃烧性能的影响

通过对氧化剂AP含量及粒径、燃速催化剂种类及含量、铝粉粒度、交联剂及工艺助剂等的调整，对硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂的燃烧速度和燃速压强指数进行了研究，结果表明，燃速在7．7～16．7mm／s（7．0MPa）范围内可调，静态燃速压强指数稳定在0．5，最低可达0．41。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。