Development of a micro gas turbine combustor with T-type vaporizers

The study includes the experimental investigation of the evaporation performance of T-type vaporizer,mainly studied the relationship of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature with the evaporation ratio.Then,it studied the LBO(lean blow out) and combustion efficiency of the micro aero-engine combustor with T-type vaporizer on the normal pressure test rig.The inlet air condition is environmental pressure and temperature.The gas analysis method is used to study the combustion efficiency,and the inlet air temperature is 300 K,400 K and 500 K.It could be concluded that the evaporation performance is improved with the increasing of the inlet air temperature and vaporizer wall temperature;the average LBO is 0.003;the combustion efficiency rises with the inlet air temperature,and it remain constant when the fuel/air ratio changed in the range from 0.008 to 0.02.The vaporization ratio is the key factor to determine the combustion performance.      

驻涡燃烧室燃烧性能试验

开展了空气进口温度、流量和余气系数影响驻涡燃烧室燃烧性能的试验研究,获得了燃烧性能参数的变化规律:总压损失系数在3%～6%之间,流阻系数变化不大;点火和贫油熄火性能随流量变化很小,随进口温度的提高而改善,研究中最大点火和贫熄余气系数分别为6.03和14.41;仅驻涡区供油时,燃烧效率在90%～95%之间,驻涡区和主流同时供油时,燃烧效率为84%～99.5%,并随余气系数和进口流量的变小而上升.      

涡轮级间燃烧室燃烧性能试验

开展了进口空气马赫数、驻涡区余气系数影响涡轮级间燃烧室燃烧性能的试验研究,获得了燃烧室性能参数的变化规律:随着进口马赫数的增大,总压损失从1.5%增加到7%,流阻系数变化不大,出口温度分布系数OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)也相应变大;对于不同的进口马赫数,燃烧效率、OTDF随驻涡区余气系数的增大分别为降低和基本不变;燃烧效率大多在70%~85%之间;试验中得到的在燃烧室进口温度为473K时的最大贫油熄火余气系数为9.7.      

某型燃烧室火焰筒的性能对比试验

为了检验某型航空发动机燃烧室国产化火焰筒的性能,在燃烧室试验台架上,采用连续气源和扇形段试验件,通过模拟燃烧室在最大工况下的工作参数,对该型燃烧室使用的原型火焰筒和国产火焰筒进行了燃烧效率特性、出口温度分布、壁温分布和贫油熄火特性对比试验.试验结果表明:两种火焰筒的燃烧效率特性相同,同一工况下的燃烧效率值接近,相差大约0.5%,国产火焰筒优于原型火焰筒;出口温度场类似,质量指标接近,出口温度分布系数和径向温度分布系数分别相差1%和1.3%,且均在合理范围之内;壁温分布相似,同一位置处最大温差为50K,国产火焰筒高于原型火焰筒;贫油熄火特性一致,在进气速度为150m/s以下,原型火焰筒优于国产火焰筒.      

驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射性能数值分析

为研究驻涡燃烧室在前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能,采用3维数值仿真模拟方法,对驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射 状况下的燃烧效率及燃烧室性能与无前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能进行了对比分析,并对驻涡燃烧室的冷流以及燃烧状态 下的燃烧室性能进行了系统研究。燃烧室温度分布表明：前钝体顶部燃料喷射在0.2~0.7的喷射系数范围内,缩短了燃烧室火焰 长度,提高了燃烧室在相同轴向长度下的燃烧效率,使燃烧室更加紧凑;驻涡燃烧室前钝体顶部燃料喷射孔的孔径在一定范围内 的变化对燃烧室的燃烧效率、出口温度分布系数以及总压损失影响较小。     

油气匹配及后体进气量对TVC燃烧性能的影响

针对一种以煤油为燃料的驻涡燃烧室（TVC）,在前期研究的基础上对其前体油气匹配进行几种结构改进,并在试验中重点进行油气匹配和后体进气量的改变对燃烧室燃烧性能的影响.针对其应用于涡轮前及涡轮间二级燃烧的前景,试验中驻涡燃烧室仅采用凹腔供油.试验结果表明,采用改进后供油蒸发管的燃烧效率比改进前提高了12%;在试验条件下,当凹腔当量比小于1.5时燃烧效率达到95%以上.各个方案在不同工况下,出口热点温度分布系数f在0.050.015之间.      

双涡/贫油驻涡燃烧室的贫油熄火特性试验

对在燃烧室进口高速气流条件下工作的贫油双涡结构驻涡燃烧室,通过改变主流马赫数与温度和改变其凹腔几何尺寸进行贫油熄火性能试验.试验结果表明:①随着主流马赫数的增加,贫油熄火余气系数减小,主流速度是影响贫油熄火性能的最主要因素.②主流温度的升高对拓宽燃烧边界有利,但是在达到600K后,对贫油熄火余气系数的影响逐渐减弱.③双涡试验件后体进气量的增加可以使贫油熄火性能变差.④不同凹腔宽深比对贫油熄火余气系数的影响很大,综合各个试验件结果,深宽比为0.88的双涡试验件的贫油熄火性能最好.      

声能喷嘴供油级间驻涡燃烧室的性能试验

对一种采用声能喷嘴供油方式的级间燃烧室进行了性能试验研究.试验结果表明:当进口马赫数为0.20~0.40,燃烧室的熄火余气系数为25~35,燃烧室的稳定工作范围较宽;随余气系数增大,出口温度分布均匀性提高;燃烧效率为96%~98%,随余气系数减小,燃烧效率降低;进口马赫数对点火性能、熄火性能、出口温度分布和燃烧效率的影响较小;壁面热点温度出现在凹腔的后壁面;总压损失系数为0.03~0.11,热态时比冷态时高0.015左右; CO和NOx的排放指数分别为20~46和0.9~2.1,进口马赫数、余气系数均对污染物排放有较大影响.      

氢在超音速气流中的燃烧过程

氢燃料超音速燃烧冲压发动机(简称超燃冲压)为主体的吸气式组合动力装置,已被证明是空天飞机推进器的最佳方案[1]。因而研究氢在超音速气流中的燃烧过程是一个重要的课题。国外近年来进行了大量的有关理论与实验研究工作[2、3],但大多数的研究停留在氢处于静止与等压状态下的反应过程。在超燃燃烧室中的实际燃烧过程,由于不同的燃烧室进口气流状态,大体有以下三种基本类型:扩散型燃烧、扩散动力型燃烧、动力型燃烧。      

Experimental study of rotating gliding arc discharge plasma-assisted combustion in an aero-engine combustion chamber

The combustion chamber is the core component of an aero-engine, and affects its reliability and security operation, even the performance of the aircraft. In this work, a Plasma-Assisted Combustion(PAC) test platform was developed to validate the feasibility of using PAC actuators to enhance annular combustor performance. Two plans of PAC(rotating gliding arc discharge plasma) were designed, Assisted Combustion from Primary Holes(ACPH) and Assisted Combustion from Dilution Holes(ACDH). Comparative experiments and analysis between conventional combustion and PAC were conducted to study the effects of ACPH and ACDH on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency, pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients(0.8, 1, 2, and 4), and lean blowout performance at different inlet airflow velocities. Experimental results show that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with that in normal conditions, and the combustion efficiency of ACPH increases2.45%, 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.47%, while it increases 2.75%, 1.67%, 1.36%, and 0.36% under ACDH conditions. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field and the lean blowout performance are improved after PAC. Especially for ACPH, the widening of the lean blowout limit is8.3%, 12.4%, 12.8%, and 25% respectively when the inlet velocity ranges from 60 m/s to120 m/s. These results offer new perspectives for using PAC devices to enhance aero-engine combustors' performances.     

氢燃料超音速燃烧室实验研究

本文介绍超音速燃烧冲压发动机燃烧室实验研究,模型燃烧室呈突扩台阶和扩张形,用电弧加热空气。燃烧室入口Ma =2 1,总温 12 0 0K,总压 7× 105Pa。      

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Vitiated Air Effects on Hydrogen-fueled Supersonic Combustor Performance

This paper deals with the vitiation effects of test air on the scramjet performance in the ground combustion heated facilities. The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of H2O and CO2, the two major vitiated species generated by combustion heater, on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance with experimental and numerical approaches. The comparative experiments in the clean air and vitiated air are conducted by using the resistance heated direct-connected facility, with the typical Mach 4 flight conditions simulated. The H2O and CO2 species with accurately controlled contents are added to the high enthalpy clean air from resistance heater, to synthesize the vitiated air of a combustion-type heater. Typically, the contents of H2O species can be varied within the range of 3.5%-30% by mole, and 3.0%-10% for CO2 species. The total temperature, total pressure, Mach number and O2 mole fraction at the combustor entrance are well-matched between the clean air and vitiated air. The combustion experiments are completed at the fuel equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) reacting flow simulations of combustor flowpath are performed to provide insight into flow field structures and combustion chemistry details that cannot resolved by experimental instruments available. Finally, the experimental data, combined with computational results, are employed to analyze the effects of H2O and CO2 vitiated air on supersonic combustion characteristics and performance. It is concluded that H2O and CO2 contaminants can significantly inhibit the combustion induced pressure rise measured from combustor wall, and the pressure profile decreases with the increasing H2O and CO2 contents in nonlinear trend; simulation results agree well with experimental data and the overall vitiation effects are captured; direct extrapolation of the results from vitiated air to predict the performance of actual flight conditions could result in over-fueling the combustor, possible inlet un-start and inappropriate combustion mode transition. The detailed analysis and discussion are presented and the research conclusions are summarized.     

驻涡燃烧室掺混孔对流量分配及燃烧性能的影响

数值模拟了三种不同掺混孔面积对二元模型驻涡燃烧室试验器流量分配的影响,并在进口马赫数约为0.3、进口温度约为540 K工况条件下,分别对其进行了试验研究,对比分析了它们的总压损失、贫熄边界和燃烧效率.研究表明:掺混孔面积对流量分配影响较大,在本试验条件下,掺混孔面积较大的驻涡燃烧室试验器的燃烧性能优于其余两种.      

涡轮级间单涡燃烧室壁温研究

由于燃烧区和壁面的距离过近,驻涡燃烧室壁温过高的问题一直存在,影响其在实际发动机上的应用.对某涡轮级间驻涡燃烧室进行壁温分布试验研究,研究供油量、主流进气参数对壁温分布的影响,并考察燃烧室的冷却和进气结构是否合理.试验结果表明,试验件的最高壁温出现在凹腔后壁面;供油量和主流马赫数对试验件的壁温分布趋势影响较大,主流温度对壁温分布趋势的影响较小.      

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

Experimental and numerical studies of a lean-burn internally-staged combustor

A lean-burn internally-staged combustor for low emissions that can be used in civil avi-ation gas turbines is introduced in this paper. The main stage is designed and optimized in terms of fuel evaporation ratio, fuel/air pre-mixture uniformity, and particle residence time using commer-cial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software. A single-module rectangular combustor is adopted in performance tests including lean ignition, lean blowout, combustion efficiency, emis-sions, and combustion oscillation using aviation kerosene. Furthermore, nitrogen oxides （NOx） emission is also predicted using CFD simulation to compare with test results. Under normal inlet temperature, this combustor can be ignited easily with normal and negative inlet pressures. The lean blowout fuel/air ratio （LBO FAR） at the idle condition is 0.0049. The fuel split proportions between the pilot and main stages are determined through balancing emissions, combustion efficiency, and combustion oscillation. Within the landing and take-off （LTO） cycle, this combustor enables 42%NOx reduction of the standard set by the 6th Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection （CAEP/6） with high combustion efficiency. The maximum board-band pressure oscillations of inlet air and fuel are below 1%of total pressure during steady-state operations at the LTO cycle specific conditions.     

超音速燃烧实验研究(Ⅰ)

用电弧加热空气,对带有突扩台阶的扩张形超燃冲压发动机燃烧室进行了实验研究.燃烧室入口Ma=2.1,总温、总压分别约为1200K和0.7MPa.燃料以垂直或平行于气流的方式喷射,采用氢气或煤油,均能在广宽的当量比范围内稳定燃烧.同时,也比较了它们的燃烧状况.     

超音速燃烧实验研究(Ⅰ)

用电弧加热空气,对带有突扩台阶的扩张形超燃冲压发动机燃烧室进行了实验研究.燃烧室入口Ma=2.1,总温、总压分别约为1200K和0.7MPa.燃料以垂直或平行于气流的方式喷射,采用氢气或煤油,均能在广宽的当量比范围内稳定燃烧.同时,也比较了它们的燃烧状况.     

预燃/流向涡掺混超声速燃烧室的稳焰火炬实验研究

 为研究飞行马赫数Ma_flight=4~7的双燃室碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的原理和工程参数,进行了直连双燃室超声速冷主流和亚燃室稳焰火炬热流的掺混实验和燃烧实验。将进气道输出的超声速气流的10%流量经亚燃进气道导入亚声速预燃室,先低速地与雾化预燃油掺混并建立稳定的预燃。该预燃气流与二次喷入的主燃油掺混而形成富含吸热分解油气的高温射流,再经一组波瓣掺混器与超声速主流在下游流向涡中深入掺混/燃烧,扩大燃区厚度而趋于深入超声流层,以期实现稳定超燃。在总温约为285 K、总压为1.5×10⁶ Pa和1.0×1.0⁶ Pa,燃烧室进口马赫数Ma_inlet=2.5的来流下,对3种不同结构参数的预燃室和一种超燃室,进行了冷态流场和预燃/主燃的喷油/燃烧实验。实验与计算结果表明,冷/热态实验中整个超燃室保持了超声速流动,尽管斜激波系存在一些变化。利用存在的4种旋涡掺混现象,增强超/亚声速流之间的掺混。当采用三波系进气道和较小容积热强度的大体积预燃室和流向涡掺混器,可以形成稳定的高温富油火炬,成为超燃室稳定点火源。在超燃室下层流层的原无预热冷态来流的亚声速和低超声速区域中出现火焰,且其并不破坏超燃室上层的高超声速未燃流动。     

低压条件下复合式多级旋流杯燃烧室燃烧效率研究

对低压(常压或低于常压)条件下航空发动机燃烧室的燃烧效率作了初步的研究,主要目的是研究复合式多级旋流杯燃烧室燃烧效率的改进。复合式多级旋流杯组织方案由离心雾化和旋流杯空气雾化组成,采用双油路,副油路为小流量离心喷嘴,主油路为直射式喷嘴匹配空气雾化,头部采用三级涡流器组织燃烧。燃油采用RP-3航空煤油。使用单头部燃烧室为试验件,在常压和低压状态下,模拟燃烧室进口速度和总油气比。燃烧效率采用燃气分析法,用效率分析仪进行测量。研究结果表明,复合式多级漩流杯燃烧组织方案能改善低压下的燃烧,提高燃烧效率。