Planar inertial motion of an elastic cluster of three bodies

A problem of planar inertial motion of three bodies connected in the form of a triangle by an elastic imponderable filament is considered, as well as a particular case of the problem of motion of a closed chain of n bodies. This configuration can be a basis for extended planar constructions in deep space.The bodies are considered as material points. The paper elaborates a subject of [1]     

Eckhaus方程的有限差分格式

本文主要研究了Eckhaus方程的初始边界值问题的一个有限差分法,提出了有条件的能量守恒的有限差分格式,证明了差分解的收敛性与稳定性.     

Eckhaus方程的有限差分格式

本文主要研究了Eckhaus方程的初始边界值问题的一个有限差分法,提出了有条件的能量守恒的有限差分格式,证明了差分解的收敛性与稳定性。     

Gravitational maneuvers as a way to direct small asteroids to trajectory of a rendezvous with dangerous near-Earth objects

A possibility to prevent collisions with the Earth of dangerous celestial bodies by directing at them small asteroids is considered. It is proposed to solve this problem using a gravitational maneuver near the Earth.     

Optimization of Low-Thrust Interplanetary Transfers

A method for approximate analytical optimization of low-thrust transfers, described in [1] and based on linearization of the equations of motion, is considered. A more precise method of reducing the errors due to linearization is suggested. The method of optimization is generalized for the case of a mission to several celestial bodies.     

小天体不规则度与光学导航质心提取及应用

针对深空自主导航的小天体"形心和光心"提取问题,提出了小天体不规则度的概念,并给出了定义.小天体不规则度可以度量小天体形状和亮度的不规则程度,并作为不规则小天体质心提取方法的选取准则.首先提出了基于小天体不规则度的图像处理方法选取准则,进而针对形状不规则程度较大的小天体,提出一种基于最小外接图形的不规则小天体形心提取方...     

航天器柔性多体系统动力学的高效建模方法

以航天器为工程背景,提出了一种高效建模方法。文中采用有限元离散和模态叠加法描述部件的弹性变形。用铰链相对坐标建立了相邻柔性体之间的递推运动学方程。利用递推运动学方程、柔性体的牛顿—欧拉方程和铰链的约束特性,构造了单链多体系统动力学问题的递推算法。对树状多体系统的拓扑结构进行了研究,提出了研究树状多体系统动力学问题的求解过程控制方法,从而实现了树状多体系统与链式多体系统的统一,使得对单链多体系统建立的递推动力学方程能够直接用于求解树状多体系统的动力学问题。     

基于分段常滑翔角的长航时纵向远程滑翔飞行方程近似解

提出用包含地球旋转效应的n个常滑翔角飞行段近似实际滑翔飞行轨迹的方法。基于该方法推导了长航时纵向远程滑翔飞行轨迹近似解，并给出了各段常滑翔角、滑翔时间的求解方法及整个滑翔轨迹近似计算步骤。文中算例结果表明，该近似求解方法计算得到的滑翔航程和滑翔时间与实际值相差很小，航程误差率约为0．7％，时间误差率约为0．6％，因此该方法在近似小初始滑翔角的长航时远程纵向滑翔飞行时是有效的、可行的，尤其针对航程在地球半圈以上的滑翔飞行轨迹。     

Estimation of an Admissible Domain of Uncontrolled Disturbances during Reorientation of an Asymmetric Rigid Body

A nonlinear game problem of the reorientation of an asymmetric rigid body is considered for the case of uncontrolled disturbances, only their estimates being known. The domain of admissible controls is limited by an ellipsoid or a sphere. In the case of a sphere, the limitation corresponds to a pair of swiveling (vernier) engines. A method [1–4] of solving this problem is developed based on equivalent linearization of nonlinear conflict-controlled systems. Direct estimates are found of the admissible (with respect to executing a reorientation) domain of uncontrolled disturbances, as a function of both the given constraints on the controls and the initial location of the body. These estimates are convenient at the first stage of a solution process, when the possibility is determined of using the controls proposed in [1–4] in order to support the necessary reorientation. If the aforementioned estimates are satisfied with a safety margin, then (at the second stage of the solution) a particular value of the guaranteed time of reorientation can be found by iteration algorithms [1–4]. The results of calculations are presented.     

Optimal low-thrust transfer between neighbouring quasi-circular orbits around an oblate planet

The problem of optimal low-thrust, limited power transfer between quasi-circular orbits (e 0) around an oblate planet is analysed. It is assumed that the orbital changes due to thrust acceleration and Earth oblateness are of the same order. A first order solution to the problem is obtained by application of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Subsequently, by application of Hori's method for generalized canonical systems, a first order solution in a small parameter ε is derived. Finally, three particular cases of long-time transfer and the orbit maintenance manoeuvre are considered. The results obtained are in agreement and represent an extension of the work done by Marec.     

基于有限元法的水下绝缘体小目标电磁场探测方法仿真研究

开展具有自主知识产权的水下绝缘体小目标探测方法研究,可为我国海域勘探开发提供技术支撑。文章将基于有限元的电磁场探测方法应用到水下绝缘体小目标的检测:首先利用ANSYS Maxwell软件进行建模仿真;然后对不同电流及不同水面高度/水下深度有无绝缘体小目标的磁感应强度进行模拟并计算其差值。结果表明,当水下导线直流电流为200 A时,磁感应强度模拟差值大于0.3 nT,可在350 m×350 m×35 m的海域内有效探测有无绝缘体小目标通过。     

Stabilization of a Reentry Vehicle by a Partial Spin-up during Uncontrolled Descent

Stabilization of a reentry vehicle (RV) by a partial spin-up of it is considered for the case of uncontrolled descent into the atmosphere. In this case, the vehicle is a composite construction consisting of two rigid bodies, a return capsule and a stabilizing block, which is put in rotation. A model is developed for the spatial motion of the reentry vehicle considered as a system of coaxial rigid bodies rotating about a common axis of symmetry. The free motion is studied, and the stability of steady-state regimes is analyzed. The spatial motion of the system is considered for the case of a small asymmetry due to displacement of the axes of dynamic symmetry of the bodies with respect to the spin axis, and approximate solutions for the motion parameters of the free system are found.     

Consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface

Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes. In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres.     

大型空间结构热弹性非线性有限元分析

由薄壁管组成的大型空间结构在外层空间受到太阳等星体的辐射加热，其热变形是值得关注的。为了准确地预测这种变形，首先推导了一种梁的热弹性几何非线性增量有限元格式，用以分析该类结构的热-力学响应，然后考虑到空间结构热流输入与变形耦合的特性，提出了一种热-力学耦合分析的有限元方法。对哈勃太空望远镜太阳能帆板热变形的实例计算表明，数值解与理论解符合较好。数值算例表明，结构内部热变形的不一致程度越大，考虑几何非线性对于热变形计算结果的影响越大；热流入射方向角和热变形大小是影响耦合效应的主要因素。     

LOCSS and its implementation on the basis of a small satellite cluster

A problem of providing users with the necessary remote sensing data in the visible and near IR spectral bands has been considered. The solution of the problem plans increase of spatial and spectral resolution for imaging from space, high periodicity of surveying the same sites on the Earth's surface and spaceborne data delivery to users in real time.

This problem solution proposed is to use a cluster of small satellites and to implement the Local Space Service (LOCSS) program. The main aspects of this concept are as follows:

• • optimization of remote sensing instrumentation parameters;

• • image data compression onboard a small spacecraft;

• • compressed data downlinking via the low rate radio channel;

• • direct reception of the image data by users at small cheap receiving stations; and

• • image data decompression and processing using personal computers and special processors.

     

单翼大挠性航天器全局模态动力学建模及试验

针对小中心刚体-单侧大挠性结构构型的航天器,通过定义广义全局模态振型,提出一种全局模态动力学模型。采用统一形式描述整体刚体运动和整体挠性变形,基于哈密顿原理推导了全局模态动力学方程,结合瑞利瑞兹法推导了非约束模态频率和模态振型的计算方法。通过仿真和试验校验了全局模态动力学模型的准确性。与有限元模型对比,分析了非约束模态频率随着刚柔质量比和惯量比的变化情况,第一阶模态频率的最大误差为0.003 Hz,说明全局模态动力学模型能够比较准确地描述非约束模态频率;理论模型能够比较准确地描述动态响应,端部横向位移的最大误差为2.6%;基于气浮平台构建了试验系统,理论模型、有限元仿真和物理试验结果均比较接近,说明理论模型准确描述了非约束模态频率随刚柔耦合特性变化的规律。     

空间机械臂建模方法与控制策略研究

针对刚柔耦合空间机械臂动力学建模中对柔性体采用的传统描述方法（有限元法、模态综合法以及集中参数法等）并不足以精确描述柔性大变形的问题,采用绝对节点坐标法描述柔性体,采用自然坐标法描述刚性体,建立了末端带集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂的动力学模型并且研究了机械臂的空间定位问题。结合广义α法以及工程上常用的Scaling技术,开发了计算程序,实现了动力学方程的高效精确数值求解。针对机械臂的空间定位以及柔性变形问题,提出了一种运动规划方案,采用PD控制策略,实现了机械臂的运动跟踪控制;仿真结果表明：提出的运动规划方案能有效地减弱机械臂的柔性变形。     

Mechanical study on initial profile solution for inflatable reflector made of orthotropic material

The woven fabric membrane materials are widely used in space and terrestrial inflatable reflectors. However the material?s anisotropy makes the design analysis more complex. The deviation from the desired shape, so-called “W-profile error”, influences the precision of the membrane surface significantly. In this study, a model of an axisymmetric paraboloid surface using membrane theory is established for the purpose of facilitating the surface precision optimization. Analytical solutions for displacements of the reflector are derived. An iteration method of initial reflector profile solution is stated and a finite element (FE) software employed in the solution is presented. A case study is illustrated to make a comparison between numerical and theoretical analyses. Finally, the conclusions are drawn that the analytical method and the FE iterative method for initial profile solution are feasible and efficient.     

Application of the method of potentials in problems of fracture mechanics

The theory of generalized elastic potentials is used for solving the problem of a space with cracks of arbitrary shape. Two solutions are proposed. In the first case, the solution is represented by a double-layer potential and a functional equation for determination of the unknown density is constructed in which difficulties stipulated by high polarity of the integrand may be eliminated. The other method consists of an analysis of a space with a thin smooth cavity and the solution of corresponding singular integral equations.Methods to improve the convergence of successive approximations used in solution of the equations are described and some particular cases of three-dimensional solids are considered. A special function is introduced on the external surface of the solid, which allows consideration of a whole space with cracks having fictitious stresses on their edges; this solution has some bearing on the main problem and also provides an integral equation for the auxiliary function. Another approach consists of the elimination of cracks by introduction of corresponding potentials and solution of the auxiliary problem for a continuous solid with special boundary conditions.