Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

基于Kane方法的直升机-柔性绳索-吊挂系统动力学建模

完成了基于Kane方法的直升机-柔性绳索-吊挂系统的动力学建模.通过运动学描述,将系统分为直升机本体、吊挂绳索和吊挂载荷三部分.直升机本体为六自由度刚体;吊挂绳索模拟为集中质点模型,质点间用弹簧连接;吊挂载荷模拟为三自由度质点.考虑重力、气动力和弹性力的影响,建立直升机-吊挂系统的Kane动力学方程.针对直升机本体和考虑吊挂绳索柔性的直升机-柔性绳索-吊挂系统这两种模型,计算了它们在不同前飞速度下的配平状态,分析了其运动模态并进行对比.仿真结果表明:外吊挂引入后,直升机需要额外的总距操纵;考虑吊挂绳索柔性后,直升机长周期运动的收敛/发散速度变慢;Kane方法适用于直升机-柔性绳索-吊挂系统的动力学建模,方程整齐简洁,编程求解方便.      

基于SPH方法的圆柱形贮箱液体晃动研究

在飞行器燃油供给方式的选择和飞行姿态控制调整中,必须充分考虑贮箱内燃油的晃动情况及其对贮箱冲击力的影响。然而液体晃动问题的高度非线性使得其研究极具挑战性。采用光滑质点流体动力学方法对圆柱形贮箱内液体的晃动进行建模仿真,将晃动液体的控制微分方程组离散到一系列流体粒子上,从而将不同物理量函数的连续积分转换成支持域内粒子的离散化求和形式,通过求解线性方程组得到数值解。在固壁边界上布置一组虚粒子,以对内部粒子产生排斥力来模拟固壁边界条件,同时采用狄利克雷边界条件方法模拟自由液面,实现对自由液面的追踪。将仿真的液面变化与试验结果作了对比,吻合较好。得到了贮箱壁面上不同监测点的压强变化以及贮箱与液体之间的相互作用力,并说明了结果的准确性。数值计算方法对液体晃动问题的研究提供一定参考价值。     

直升机抛放吊挂后的最优操纵与分析

为了研究吊挂抛放后回到稳定状态的合理操纵方式以增加安全性且辅助控制律设计,开发并验证了直升机带吊挂模型,使用轨迹优化方法得到了直升机抛放吊挂物后的最优操纵时间历程及相应的状态变化历程.在相同的初始条件下,计算了不同的性能指标对应的优化结果,分析并确定了性能指标的最终配置方式.研究了吊挂物质量对优化结果的影响.根据从悬停...     

中继卫星系统动力学分析

应用单摆模型来等效液体晃动，并利用拉格朗日方程建立了中继卫星的动力学方程。在确定天线跟踪规律的基础上，从工程实际的角度分析了天线和星体之间的耦合作用。考虑天线不同的跟踪模式，将卫星的本体视为刚性体，在星体无控情况下进行系统的动力学响应分析。通过数值仿真确定天线在不同跟踪模式下对星体姿态的影响，并通过有无柔性振动和液体晃动结果的分析，得出天线运动特别是高速回扫、附件柔性振动都会对星体姿态产生比较大的影响，而液体晃动对星体姿态影响不大的结论。     

Frictionless liquid sloshing in circular cylindrical container configurations

If the free liquid surface in a circular cylindrical container is covered with solid structural parts, the natural frequencies and the response of the liquid in the container is drastically changed. This is also expressed by a much lower flow behavior inside the container. The benefit of a partly covered free surface plane lies in the shifting of the natural propellant frequencies above and away from the control frequency of a space vehicle, and in the decrease of the sloshing masses participating in the dynamic motion of the system. The fundamental natural frequency of a non-viscous and incompressible liquid has been determined for increasing width of an annular ring baffle attached to the tank wall. With increasing structural coverage of the free surface the natural frequencies increase considerably. The response to translational excitation has also been numerically evaluated and shows the shifting of the resonances to higher values. The procedure presented here may without any difficulties also be applied to various arbitrary coverages of the free liquid surface. It may also be used as a test case for purely numerical methods, such as finite element methods and others.     

Trajectory optimization of aerial slung load release for piloted helicopters

This study aims to provide the pilot with optimal control time histories for stabilization of a helicopter after releasing the slung load in aerial delivery missions. A model with 21 degrees of freedom (21-DOF) has been developed and validated for a helicopter slung load system. The control history is generated with detailed procedure based on trajectory optimization. Effects of the objective function formulation on the results are discussed and rules are obtained to assist in the objective function determination. We conclude that the pilot should first decrease and then increase the collective control and adjust the longitudinal control to stabilize the helicopter after the in-hover slung load release. The obtained control history is reasonable and helpful for safety and efficiency improvement. Effects of path constraints and the Flight Control System (FCS) are studied. More stringent path constraints will lead to longer time spent and more controls. Stronger stiffness and weaker damping from the FCS will cause milder control histories but sharper on-axis state histories.     

特征结构配置在设计直接升力控制律中的应用

采用直接力控制可弥补常规飞机在轨迹操纵方面的不足,并产生某些新的运动模式。文中首先对飞机直接升力控制的3种基本运动模式进行了讨论。归纳出直接升力控制律的设计就是输出解耦控制系统的设计问题。在简述了用特征结构配置和模型跟踪技术求算反馈和前馈增益阵的主要步骤之后,以CitationⅡ型飞机为算例,设计了其直接升力控制律。计算结果是令人满意的,说明特征结构配置是一种设计飞行控制系统的有效方法。     

基于刚度优化的绳牵引并联支撑系统力/位混合控制

针对应用于风洞试验的八绳牵引并联支撑系统高性能运动控制问题,开展绳索张力实时优化与力/位混合控制技术研究。基于动态试验需求和系统刚度矩阵,选择主刚度加权和最大为目标函数,将其转化为线性规划问题,采用二维凸多边形张力可行域顶点法进行实时求解,并根据绳索张力变化约束进一步提出连续可行域,确保解的连续性,实现其优化分布;设计一种基于电机转角和绳索张力反馈的力/位混合控制策略,其中位姿控制环采用计算力矩法,并利用实际绳索张力补偿惯性力和非线性力等,进而开展稳定性分析。以风洞试验中典型的推力模拟、俯仰振荡等线位移和角运动轨迹为例,在原理样机上开展控制验证实验。研究结果表明该控制策略能够实现对末端飞行器模型位姿和绳索张力的有效跟踪,且具有较高的精度和良好的稳定性,可以为绳牵引并联支撑在风洞动态试验中的应用提供技术支持。     

机动行为下飞机油箱晃动流固耦合动力学分析

飞机执行机动飞行时整体处于大过载状态,此时的油箱晃动流固耦合问题较为复杂。针对这一问题,以某型飞机整体油箱为研究对象,建立ABAQUS与Star-CCM+联合仿真流固耦合方法,对飞机半滚倒转机动行为下的油箱晃动流固耦合效应进行分析,得到了半滚倒转过程中燃油的形态变化,流体域压力以及油箱部件的应力时程曲线等结果,并探究了油箱充液率变化对流固耦合效应的影响。结果表明：机动过载对油箱部件应力应变的影响大于燃油晃动冲击,除上蒙皮外部件应力均随着充液率增加而增加。     

挠性飞行器姿态机动脉冲调宽控制系统设计

大挠性充液飞行器喷气姿态控制系统设计是一个复杂和关键的问题,为了抑制挠性振动,设计形状输入信号,选取双曲正切作为平滑函数,并和Bang-Bang控制对比研究.喷气脉冲调制采用工程上易于实现的脉冲调宽（PWM）设计方法,结合积分死区原理设计脉冲宽度,对具有挠性充液动力学特性的对象进行控制,抑制了振动模态和晃动模态,实现了平滑机动控制.通过数学仿真表明,形状输入法和合理的脉冲调宽逻辑可以有效抑制大挠性飞行器姿态机动控制过程中的挠性振动.     

Delay Depending Decentralized Adaptive Attitude Synchronization Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation

This paper deals with the problem of cooperative attitude tracking with time-varying communication delays as well as the delays between inter-synchronization control parts and self-tracking control parts in the spacecraft formation flying. First, we present the attitude synchronization tracking control algorithms and analyze the sufficient delay-dependent stability condition with the choice of a Lyapunov function when the angular velocity can be measured. More specifically, a class of linear filters is developed to derive an output feedback control law without having direct information of the angular velocity, which is significant for practical applications with low-cost configurations of spacecraft. Using a well-chosen Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, it is proven that the presented control law can make the spacecraft formation attitude tracking system synchronous and achieve exponential stability, in the face of model uncertainties, as well as non-uniform time-varying delays in communication links and different control parts. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

Onboard actuator model-based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for quadrotor attitude control: Method and application

This paper addresses the robust attitude control problem for quadrotors subject to model mismatch and disturbances. A dynamic inversion based attitude control scheme is proposed, which consists of an outer loop attitude controller and an inner loop angular acceleration controller. The attitude controller is designed based on the Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) to precisely linearize the nonlinear dynamics between the angular acceleration and the attitude. An onboard actuator model-based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI) controller is designed in the angular acceleration control loop to improve the robustness against the model mismatch and disturbances. Meanwhile, the onboard actuator model with a modified structure eliminates the oscillation phenomenon when the sampling rate of the controller is higher than that of the actuator. Numerical simulations and flight tests demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in comparison with the PID controller.     

Detumbling and reorientation maneuvers and stabilization of NASASCOLE system

The questions of rotational maneuver and vibration stabilization of the NASA Spacecraft Control Laboratory Experiment (SCOLE) system is considered. The mathematical model of the SCOLE system includes the rigid body dynamics as well as the elastic dynamics representing transverse and torsional deformations of the elastic beam connecting the orbiter and end body (reflector). For the rotational maneuver, a new control law (orbiter control law) is derived using an orbiter input torque vector. Detumbling and reorientation maneuvers of the SCOLE system are accomplished using this control law; however, this excites the elastic modes of the beam. The orbiter control law asymptotically linearizes the flexible dynamics. Using the linearized model, a linear feedback control law is designed for vibration suppression. An observer is designed for estimating the state variables using sensor outputs which are also used for the synthesis of the control law. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system detumbling and reorientation maneuvers can be accomplished and the effect of control and observation spillover is insignificant     

直升机吊挂控制系统飞行品质分析

基于直升机指令模型、PID控制和动态逆控制理论,建立了三种直升机吊挂耦合系统控制模型以研究吊挂对直升机飞行品质的影响.依据军用旋翼飞行器飞行品质规范(ADS-33E)和直升机带吊挂飞行的飞行品质要求,对各控制模型进行了仿真和频域分析,并研究了吊挂质量和吊索长度对系统飞行品质的影响.结果表明:引入吊挂摆角状态反馈可提高系...     

Adaptive control based on a parametric affine model for tail-controlled missiles

An adaptive control against uncertainties in tail-controlled STT (skid-to-turn) missiles is presented. First, we derive an analytic uncertainty model from a parametric affine missile model developed by the authors. Based on this analytic model, an adaptive feedback linearizing control law accompanied by a sliding mode control law is proposed. We provide analyses of stability and output tracking performance of the overall adaptive missile system. The performance and validity of the proposed adaptive control scheme are demonstrated by simulation.     

圆柱容器液体晃动问题的数值计算

本文将二维VOF方法推广到三维情形,研究了圆柱容器遭受水平强迫振荡时的液体晃动问题。在数值模型中,采用了改进的施主与受主单元体方法计算流体在单元体之间的交换。同时对处理任意容器边界的部分单元体方法进行了改进,使之满足边界面上的速度边界条件。应用改进后的VOF方法得到的结果与试验结果符合较好,能够成功地数模出由于动力不稳定性引起的圆柱容器遭受纵向水平振荡时液体表面的旋转运动响应。     

刚弹耦合飞行器的机动载荷减缓

针对飞行器刚体/弹性模态耦合作用下的机动载荷减缓问题,运用亚音速非定常空气动力学理论以及分析力学原理,建立了柔性飞机机动载荷分析及控制的气动弹性模型,分析了飞机作纵向机动飞行时结构弹性对机动飞行参数的影响。数值分析结果表明,结构弹性模态对飞机机动过程的影响不容忽视。为了有效减缓机动载荷,运用最优控制理论,采用多组控制面联合偏转的作动方案,设计机动载荷减缓最优控制律,实现了对飞机纵向机动载荷的控制。研究结果表明,提出的机动载荷减缓控制方案是有效的。     

带有可调喷注器与文氏管的变推力液体火箭发动机响应特性分析

本文利用数值方法和解析方法对带有可调喷注器和可调文氏管的变推力液体火箭发动机的响应特性进行了分析,讨论了影响此类发动机动态性能的主要因素.最后给出发动机参数的优化结果,并进行了实验验证.     

Adaptive Control of a Flexible Beam Using Least Square Lattice Filters

An indirect adaptive control scheme for the control of flexible structures using least square lattice filters for on-line identification of the number of modes, mode shapes, and modal amplitudes is presented. The control law is based on modal pole placement. The system requires on-line validation of the results of the identification scheme before allowing changes in control law parameters. Successful adaptive control is demonstrated using the simulations for the 12 ft free-free beam apparatus at NASA Langley Research Center.