基于模糊故障树和因子化分析的重复使用火箭发动机失效模式

为确定发动机薄弱环节,指导重复使用火箭发动机可靠性设计,以航天飞机主发动机为研究对象,通过模糊故障树分析法和因子化分析法对发动机主要组件的关键失效模式进行研究.结果表明:模糊故障树分析法给出关键重要度最高的底事件为由剥落、凹坑、磨损和腐蚀致高压氧化剂涡轮泵的轴承失效;因子化分析法通过考虑风险、时间和概率3种因素综合评估出发动机系统中的综合因子最高的失效模式为涡轮叶片失效.      

基于T-S 模糊FTA 与仿真的舱盖机构故障诊断方法

针对高空舱舱盖机构系统故障源与故障程度难以判定以及故障特征值难以提取的问题,提出了基于T-S模糊故障树分析与仿真相结合的故障诊断方法。将T-S模型引入到舱盖机构不同步的典型故障分析中,用模糊可能性描述部件的故障概率;用T-S门来描述事件间的联系;用模糊数描述部件的故障程度,结合模型仿真模拟故障分析,获取部件发生故障时对顶事件的贡献或重要度,计算出顶事件发生故障的模糊可能性及其诊断决策。为高空舱舱盖机构的故障诊断和维修保养提供参考。     

基于残差x^2故障检测的IRS／GPS紧组合算法研究

对于民用航空来说,除了精度指标外,可靠性指标也十分重。组合导航技术可以极大的提高导航系统的精度,对组合导航系统进行实时的故障检测可以有效提高导航系统的可靠性。本文对基于残差x^2故障检测的IRS／GPS紧组合算法进行研究,并进行相应的仿真分析。仿真结果表明设计的组合导航和故障检测方案可以有效隔离GPS故障量测,在GPS存在故障时仍能保持较高的定位精度,提高组合导航系统的可靠性,具有重的工程应用价值。     

基于故障树的蒙特卡罗仿真在可靠性评估中的应用

在某型飞机发动机可靠性评估过程中,通过对各子系统的可靠性分析,构建了系统的故障树模型,提出了基于蒙特卡罗算法的仿真运算。以发动机空中停车为例,通过故障树分析,建立了空中停车的失效模型,应用蒙特卡罗法对失效模型进行了仿真评估。结果表明,基于故障树分析的蒙特卡罗仿真方法,在可靠性评估中计算快捷,可以精确和客观地描述设备的重要度级别,为系统可靠性设计提供有力的支持。     

无人机用小型航空发动机可靠性指标评定

为了评价小型航空发动机在研制过程中的可靠性水平,基于其结构和使用特点,建立了可靠性参数体系和指标评定方法;选择平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）、起动可靠度（RSS）、平均致命故障间隔时间（MTBCF）作为发动机的可靠性参数,采用Bayes数据融合方法建立MTBF评定模型、采用故障树分析方法建立RSS评定模型、采用关键件的寿命分布建立MTBCF评定模型;与传统取平均值计算方法相比较,提出的方法将发动机的故障数据分类统计、分层次评估,能够全面反映出系统的可靠性状态,并有利于发现系统中存在的薄弱环节,通过应用实例说明了该方法的有效性．     

基于模糊故障树的电液作动器可靠性分析

采用模糊故障树分析法,对引起电液作动器输出不稳定的各个因素进行系统分析,并建立了故障树。应用专家评分法对无统计资料的故障进行了概率估计,阐述了转换成模糊数的途径,将所有的底事件发生的概率表示为三角模糊数。应用模糊数截集的方法,进而计算顶事件和各子系统的发生概率的置信区间和基本事件的模糊重要度,并指明了系统改进的方向,为大型复杂的作动器系统进行可靠性分析提供了参考。     

A novel testability model for health management of heading attitude system

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is very important to guarantee the reliability and safety of aerospace systems, and sensing and test are the precondition of PHM. Integrating design for testability into early design stage of system early design stage is deemed as a fundamental way to improve PHM performance, and testability model is the base of testability analysis and design. This paper discusses a hierarchical model-based approach to testability modeling and analysis for heading attitude system health management. Quantified directed graph, of which the nodes represent components and tests and the directed edges represent fault propagation paths, is used to describe fault-test dependency, and quantitative testability information is assigned to nodes and directed edges. The fault dependencies between nodes can be obtained by functional fault analysis methodology that captures the physical architecture and material flows such as energy, heat, data, and so on. By incorporating physics of failure models into component, the dynamic process of a failing or degrading component can be projected onto system behavior, i.e., system symptoms. Then, the analysis of extended failure modes, mechanisms and effects is utilized to construct fault evolution-test dependency. Using this integrated model, the designers and system analysts can assess the test suite’s fault detectability, fault isolability and fault predictability. And heading attitude system application results show that the proposed model can support testability analysis and design for PHM very well.     

余度舵机系统的性能降级与可靠性分析

余度舵机是电传飞控系统的关键部件,其通道间存在着较严重的力纷争现象。在建立四余度舵机数学模型的基础上,研究了力均衡算法,对四余度舵机一次故障、二次故障情况下的性能降级和可靠性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果标明,优化的力均衡算法可以有效解决力纷争的问题,四余度舵机可以在一次故障、二次故障的情况下持续工作。采用动态故障树分析方法进行了四余度舵机可靠性分析,证明了其具有非常高的可靠性。     

考虑维修力量影响及载荷动态分配的k/n系统模糊可靠性分析

工程实际中,维修活动开展前往往存在一定时长的准备期,且由于环境时变性、系统长期运行后的劣化累积等因素导致部件状态性能水平存在不确定性,使得系统可靠性建模较为困难。对此,运用模糊数表征系统部件的失效转移率、修复转移率及修理工维修准备率的同时,以Power Law规则刻画部件间的故障相关关系,认为部件承担载荷超过某阈值时才会引发故障相关现象,并考虑了修理工数量与故障件数量之间关系对系统可靠性的影响,研究了载荷动态分配条件下带维修准备期的多修理工n中取k模糊多状态系统模型,建立了状态转移微分方程组,提出用逆向逐层分析的思路建立系统稳态概率系数的递推关系,应用α水平截集及Zadeh扩张原理确定了模糊状态概率的截集区间,得到了系统模糊稳态指标,最后通过算例给出了修理工数量及部件参数模糊程度对系统稳态指标的影响,验证了模型的适用性。     

Control of approach and landing phase for reentry vehicle using fuzzy logic

The reentry vehicle is affected by various disturbances such as a wind gust, atmospheric condition or aerodynamic problems in the approach and landing phase. Therefore it is necessary to design a robust control scheme. This paper presents a control scheme using Mamdani fuzzy PD controller. In this paper, the reference trajectories are generated using geometric parameters for disturbed circumstances with 4 cases: nominal, headwind and tailwind, drag increased case. Then, a Mamdani fuzzy PD controller was designed in this study. Twenty-five rules were applied in the knowledge-based system. The max–min method for a fuzzy inference system and the center-of-mass method in defuzzification were used. Finally, guidance and control simulations are performed for verification of proposed controller using generated reference trajectories. In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation is performed considering various disturbances. The results show that proposed Mamdani fuzzy PD controller has reliability and robustness for control of reentry vehicle with wind disturbance in the approach and landing phases.     

基于模糊积分的航空发动机MTBF动态评估方法

针对传统评估方法无法解决航空发动机可靠性评估的滞后问题,采用模糊积分方法建立航空发动机动态可靠性评估模型.引入故障强度因子,建立降半正态型分布的故障强度因子函数表示故障纠正过程.通过故障强度因子得到模糊密度,采用Choquet模糊积分方法融合发动机各阶段可靠性指标,解决了航空发动机可靠性指标的动态评估问题.对在研的某小型涡扇发动机进行了应用研究,结果表明采用Choquet模糊积分数据融合方法进行动态评估能考虑到不同阶段故障数据的重要性,对发动机当前的可靠性水平能给予更加科学的评价.      

离散时间T-S动态故障树在民用飞机辅助动力装置系统安全性评估中的应用研究

辅助动力装置（APU）是安装于飞机上的、用于提供辅助动力源的、自成体系的小型发动机。在民用飞机APU系统安全性评估过程中,逐步采用动态故障树对传统故障树进行优化,使故障树分析结果能够更加精确地体现系统失效的动态特性。不同于传统故障树可以根据布尔逻辑求解,动态故障树一般需要转化为同构的状态空间模型才能求解。这种求解过程欠缺通用性,并且存在指数爆炸问题。采用离散时间T S动态故障树计算方法,计算了APU系统故障树中的一段子树的顶事件的失效概率,并与使用马尔可夫模型计算的结果进行比较。计算结果发现随着任务时间分段的增加,相对误差单调下降。当任务时间分段大于5时,相对误差小于1%,在计算精度满足要求的情况下能够显著降低计算成本。     

飞机故障的运行后果及成本分析方法

系统故障的运行后果分析技术是飞机运行可靠性分析的重要分支,可为维修任务的成本效益分析提供有力支撑。为了研究飞机系统故障对运行后果及成本的影响,从系统故障运行后果的相关性分析入手,首先,梳理飞机系统故障类型和放行情况对运行后果的影响;然后,结合航线维修现行做法及事件树思想提出一种支持评估飞机系统故障的运行后果及其相关成本的方法,建立基于飞机系统故障的运行后果与成本评估模型;最后,以某型号飞机燃油系统为例,验证所提方法的可行性和适用性。结果表明：本文所提方法合理有效,可为评估故障运行后果提供支持,为飞机的设计、运行和维护提供一定的参考。     

含故障统计相依组件的多态复杂系统故障树分析

为精确评估可重复使用火箭发动机系统可靠性,采用带约束变量的布尔算法将状态分析与故障树分析恰当结合,从而对含故障统计相依组件的复杂多态可重复使用火箭发动机系统进行可靠性分析.以航天飞机主发动机（SSME）为研究对象,对管路多态性及预燃室和涡轮泵之间的故障相依性进行深入研究.结果表明:该布尔算法能够很好地消除组件统计相依性从而简化复杂多态系统故障树,组件之间失效相依性对系统可靠性影响较大,因此需要加强组件多态及相依性的研究来获得更精确的系统可靠度.      

A Diagnostic Tree Approach for Fault Cause Identification in the Attitude Control Subsystem of Satellites

Space and Earth observation programs demand stringent guarantees ensuring smooth and reliable operations of space vehicles and satellites. Due to unforeseen circumstances and naturally occurring faults, it is desired that a fault-diagnosis system be capable of detecting, isolating, identifying, or classifying faults in the system. Unfortunately, none of the existing fault-diagnosis methodologies alone can meet all the requirements of an ideal fault- diagnosis system due to the variety of fault types, their severity, and handling mechanisms. However, it is possible to overcome these shortcomings through the integration of different existing fault-diagnosis methodologies. In this paper, a novel learning-based, diagnostic-tree approach is proposed which complements and strengthens existing efficient fault detection mechanisms with an additional ability to classify different types of faults to effectively determine potential fault causes in a subsystem of a satellite. This extra capability serves as a semiautomatic diagnostic decision support aid to expert human operators at ground stations and enables them to determine fault causes and to take quick and efficient recovery/reconfiguration actions. The developed diagnosis/analysis procedure exploits a qualitative technique denoted as diagnostic tree (DX-tree) analysis as a diagnostic tool for fault cause analysis in the attitude control subsystem (ACS) of a satellite. DX-trees constructed by our proposed machine-learning-based automatic tree synthesis algorithm are demonstrated to be able to determine both known and unforeseen combinations of events leading to different fault scenarios generated through synthetic attitude control subsystem data of a satellite. Though the immediate application of our proposed approach would be at ground stations, the proposed technique has potential for being integrated with causal model-based diagnosis and recovery techniques for future autonomous space vehicle missions.     

飞控系统执行器模糊故障的鲁棒容错控制

以某型飞机为研究对象,对同时含有参数不确定性和执行器带有模糊故障的飞控系统,利用Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程,融完整性,鲁棒性于一体,给出了状态反馈容错控制器的设计方法。并把此方法应用一某飞机纵向飞行容错控制中,仿真结果证了方法的有效性,为飞控系统的容错控制提供了一种有效的方法。     

A method of multi-objective reliability tolerance design for electronic circuits

Tolerance design plays an important role in reliability design for electronic circuits. The traditional method only focuses on the consistency of output response. It is not able to meet the needs of increasing development of electronic products. This paper researches the state of related fields and proposes a method of multi-objective reliability tolerance design. The characteristics of output response and operating stresses on critical components are both defined as design objectives. Critical components and their operating stresses are determined by failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine sensitive parameters that affect the design objectives significantly. Monte Carlo and worst-case analysis are utilized to explore the tolerance levels of sensitive parameters. Design of experiment and regression analysis are applied in this method. The optimal tolerance levels are selected in accord with a quality-cost model to improve consistency of output response and reduce failure rates of critical components synchronously. The application in light-emitting diode (LED) drivers indicates details and potential. It shows that the proposed method provides a more effective way to improve performance and reliability of electronic circuits.     

基于GSPN的机载液压作动系统可靠性模型

机载液压系统具有余度降级、故障检测、隔离等动态时序过程,传统基于两元可靠性模型很难描述其动态行为和性能降级过程.针对这一问题,采用分层聚类和广义随机Petri网相结合建立了机载液压系统可靠性模型.利用该模型,详细分析了故障检测装置的故障检测率对系统可靠性的影响.分析结果表明,由于故障检测装置故障检测率的影响,机载液压作...     

系统可靠性的贝叶斯网络评估方法

 针对现有组合法与状态法在可靠性评估方法中的局限性,对基于贝叶斯网络的系统可靠性评估新方法进行了研究。运用该方法进行可靠性评估,不但能计算出系统的可靠性指标,而且能方便地给出一个或几个部件对系统可靠性影响的大小,识别系统的薄弱环节。结合故障树方法建立系统可靠性评估的贝叶斯网络模型,并用实例阐述了贝叶斯网络方法进行系统可靠性评估的有效性。同时通过对贝叶斯网络的条件失效概率与系统可靠性评估中常用重要度指标的对比分析表明,贝叶斯网络的推理算法更便于查找系统的薄弱环节。