空间非合作航天器抓捕后姿态抗干扰控制

针对空间非合作航天器抓捕后存在未知不确定惯性参数的柔性组合体姿态稳定控制问题,基于中间状态观测器设计方法提出了一种新的姿态稳定抗干扰控制方法,同时考虑了诸多扰动及控制输入受限问题。研究结果表明,传统的姿态稳定控制方法需要已知柔性航天器惯性参数信息及状态信息,上述信息未知情况下会使姿态难以高精度稳定控制,且容易导致控制输入不满足受限要求。针对该问题,考虑控制输入幅值及变化率受限前提,提出了一种基于中间状态观测器的抗干扰控制方法,通过引入辅助变量构造新型中间状态观测器,同时估计组合体状态信息及综合干扰,设计出了一种新的组合体姿态稳定抗干扰控制器。通过Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相比于已有的混合H₂/H_∞控制器,所提出的抗干扰控制器在应用时不需要柔性组合体的姿态及模态信息,并且也不需要惯性参数的辨识过程。最后,通过给定参数进行仿真对比,进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

Composite control method for stabilizing spacecraft attitude in terms of Rodrigues parameters

In this paper, the attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft described by Rodrigues parameters is investigated via a composite control strategy, which combines a feedback control law designed by a finite time control technique with a feedforward compensator based on a linear disturbance observer (DOB) method. By choosing a suitable coordinate transformation, the spacecraft dynamics can be divided into three second-order subsystems. Each subsystem includes a certain part and an uncertain part. By using the finite time control technique, a continuous finite time controller is designed for the certain part. The uncertain part is considered to be a lumped disturbance, which is estimated by a DOB, and a corresponding feedforward design is then implemented to compensate the disturbance. Simulation results are employed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Data-driven model-free adaptive attitude control of partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation

This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a novel dynamic linearization data model for the partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances is established. The generalized disturbances composed of external disturbances and dynamic linearization errors are then reconstructed by a Discrete Extended State Observer(DESO). With the dynamic linearization data model and reconstructed information, a DESO-MFAC strategy for the combined spacecraft is proposed based only on input and output data. Next, the input saturation is overcome by introducing an antiwindup compensator. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller when the dynamic properties of the partially constrained combined spacecraft are completely unknown.     

Stabilization of the attitude of a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances using finite-time control techniques

In this paper, we consider the attitude stabilization problem for a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances. To obtain a better disturbance rejection property, we employ finite-time control techniques. In the absence of disturbances, by employing continuous finite-time control method, a continuous finite-time controller is designed such that the attitude of the rigid spacecraft will converge to the origin in finite time. In the presence of disturbances, by employing terminal sliding mode method, a discontinuous finite-time control law is proposed such that the states will eventually converge to a small region of the origin, which can be rendered as small as desired. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.     

Distributed fixed-time attitude coordinated control for multiple spacecraft with actuator saturation

This paper investigates the distributed fixed-time attitude coordinated control problem for multiple spacecraft subject to actuator saturation under the directed topology. First, a distributed fixed-time observer is presented for each follower spacecraft to estimate the leader spacecraft’s states. Compared with the commonly used fixed-time observer, the settling time of the proposed fixed-time observer can be easily adjusted by some free design parameters. Next, a distributed fixed-time control ...     

Local controllability and stabilization of spacecraft attitude by two single-gimbal control moment gyros

The attitude control problem of a spacecraft underactuated by two single-gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） is investigated. Small-time local controllability （STLC） of the attitude dynamics of the spacecraft-SGCMGs system is analyzed via nonlinear controllability theory. The conditions that guarantee STLC of the spacecraft attitude by two non-coaxial SGCMGs are obtained with the momentum of the SGCMGs as inputs, implying that the spacecraft attitude is STLC when the total angular momentum of the whole system is zero. Moreover, our results indi- cate that under the zero-momentum restriction, full attitude stabilization is possible for a spacecraft using two non-coaxial SGCMGs. For the case of two coaxial SGCMGs, the STLC property of the spacecraft cannot be determined. In this case, an improvement to the previous full attitude stabilizing control law, which requires zero-momentum presumption, is proposed to account for the singu- larity of SGCMGs and enhance the steady state performance. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the new control law.     

Event-triggered adaptive control for attitude tracking of spacecraft

Plug-and-play technology is an important direction for future development of spacecraft and how to design controllers with less communication burden and satisfactory performance is of great importance for plug-and-play spacecraft. Considering attitude tracking of such spacecraft with unknown inertial parameters and unknown disturbances, an event-triggered adaptive backstepping controller is designed in this paper. Particularly, a switching threshold strategy is employed to design the event-triggering mechanism. By introducing a new linear time-varying model, a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal and a bound estimation approach, the impacts of the network-induced error and the disturbances are effectively compensated for and Zeno phenomenon is successfully avoided. It is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded and both the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error converge to zero. Compared with conventional control schemes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the communication burden while providing stable and accurate response for attitude maneuvers. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

柔性航天器振动主动抑制及姿态控制

针对柔性航天器柔性附件振动主动抑制及姿态高精度快速稳定问题,研究了一种输入成形器（IS）-自适应有限时间干扰观测器（FDO）-有限时间积分滑模控制器综合的设计方法。首先,基于柔性模态的频率及阻尼信息,获得能够有效抑制柔性振动的输入成形器形式,并与系统参考输入进行卷积,得到期望参考输入;其次,基于航天器动力学模型,设计一种新型的自适应有限时间干扰观测器,避免了综合干扰上界必须已知的约束,且保证干扰估计误差有限时间收敛至零,实现对干扰及残余振动影响的快速精确估计;最后,基于观测器的估计值,设计多变量有限时间积分滑模控制器,保证对期望参考输入的高精度快速跟踪控制,并进行严格的稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,该综合设计策略能够保证柔性附件振动抑制75%,姿态稳定度达到10^-4数量级。     

充液航天器姿态控制研究进展

首先介绍了充液航天器刚-液耦合动力学建模的研究现状,以及目前被广泛使用的等效晃动力学模型的建模方法;其次针对不同执行器的选取,总结分析了基于李亚普诺夫稳定性原理、滑模控制、自适应反馈控制等充液航天器抑制液体燃料晃动、控制姿态的方案;最后,对目前国内充液航天器姿态控制问题进行了总结,并展望了充液航天器未来的研究方向.     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

Robust attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation with communication delays

In this paper,attitude coordinated tracking control algorithms for multiple spacecraft formation are investigated with consideration of parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,communication delays and actuator saturation.Initially,a sliding mode delay-dependent attitude coordinated controller is proposed under bounded external disturbances.However,neither inertia uncertainty nor actuator constraint has been taken into account.Then,a robust saturated delay dependent attitude coordinated control law is further derived,where uncertainties and external disturbances are handled by Chebyshev neural networks (CNN).In addition,command filter technique is introduced to facilitate the backstepping design procedure,through which actuator saturation problem is solved.Thus the spacecraft in the formation are able to track the reference attitude trajectory even in the presence of time-varying communication delays.Rigorous analysis is presented by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system under both control algorithms.Finally,the numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.     

航天器有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制

非刚体航天器存在时变的惯量、执行器完全失效或衰退故障以及外界干扰的情况,提出一种有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制方法。首先,基于有限时间理论和自适应方法,设计惯量不确定性自适应估计项和外界干扰参数自适应估计项进行系统补偿,克服惯量不确定性和抑制外界干扰;然后,基于容错控制和双幂次方法,设计一种自适应有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所提算法能够保证航天器姿态跟踪系统实际有限时间稳定;最后,对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:所提有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制方法是有效的。     

Twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude and position

A synchronous control of relative attitude and position is required in separated ultra-quiet spacecraft, such as drag-free, disturbance-free, and distributed spacecraft. Thus, a twistor-based synchronous sliding mode control is investigated in this paper to solve the control problem of relative attitude and position among separated spacecraft modules. The twistor-based control design and the stability proof are implemented using the Modified Rodrigues Parameter (MRP). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, this paper presents a case study of separated spacecraft flying control considering the mass uncertainty and external disturbances. In addition, a simulation study of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is also presented for comparison. The results indicate that the twistor-based sliding mode controller can ensure global asymptotic stability. The states converge fast with ultra-precision and ultra-stability in both the attitude and position. Moreover, the proposed twistor-based sliding mode control system is robust to the mass uncertainty and external disturbances.     

Adaptive finite-time backstepping control for attitude tracking of spacecraft based on rotation matrix

This paper investigates two finite-time controllers for attitude control of spacecraft based on rotation matrix by an adaptive backstepping method. Rotation matrix can overcome the draw- backs of unwinding which makes a spacecraft perform a large-angle maneuver when a small-angle maneuver in the opposite rotational direction is sufficient to achieve the objective, With the use of adaptive control, the first robust finite-time controller is continuous without a chattering phenom- enon. The second robust finite-time controller can compensate external disturbances with unknown bounds. Theoretical analysis shows that both controllers can make a spacecraft following a time-varying reference attitude signal in finite time and guarantee the stability of the overall closed-loop system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

航天器姿控系统的PD型学习观测器故障重构

针对满足Lipschitz条件的航天器姿态控制系统这一非线性系统中存在的执行器加性故障、空间干扰与测量噪声问题,提出了基于PD型迭代学习观测器的故障重构方法。该方法具有期望的鲁棒性能指标,能够在系统存在空间干扰与测量噪声情况下实现对突变故障与时变故障等故障类型的精确重构。基于线性矩阵不等式技术给出系统化PD型迭代学习观测器的设计方法,并根据Lyapunov稳定性理论对上述设计方法的稳定性条件进行了理论证明,同时利用鲁棒技术抑制空间干扰与测量噪声对执行器故障重构的影响,通过线性矩阵不等式工具箱求解观测器参数矩阵。最后,将该方法应用到航天器姿态控制系统中,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

非合作航天器姿态接管无辨识预设性能控制

在对非合作航天器进行姿态接管控制时,可能面对目标航天器参数未知、构型改变引起的不确定性及目标施加的非合作控制输入等挑战。针对上述问题提出了一种基于预设性能控制理论的非合作航天器姿态接管控制方法。首先,建立了姿态跟踪运动的非奇异拉格朗日型模型;然后,利用跟踪微分器构造不包含角速度信息的广义状态量,设计无需参数辨识的非奇异预设性能控制器,并证明了系统状态变量的有界性和控制系统在预设的性能指标以内。最后,通过数值仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性及其对时变参数不确定性和非合作控制输入的鲁棒性。     

Fault tolerant attitude control of under-actuated spacecraft: Theory and experiment

This paper investigates fault tolerant attitude control theory and experiment for under-actuated spacecraft with one reaction wheel completely broken and two others suffering actuator faults of partial loss of effectiveness or bias. A non-smooth robust adaptive fault tolerant control law is proposed under the zero-momentum and input saturation conditions. It shows that the available reaction wheels need to produce sufficient control torque for the fault tolerance. Such a new control method is implemented in a semi-physical simulation system of an air-bearing platform. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in spacecraft practical engineering.     

考虑输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的航天器姿态抗退绕控制

 针对航天器姿态控制过程中同时存在输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的问题,提出了一种新型的姿态控制设计方法。该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,能够显式地给出输入力矩和姿态角速度的最大幅值,并通过引入一个时变锐度参数来增强系统对外部干扰的抑制能力;在此基础上,进一步考虑了由于四元数的冗余性所导致的退绕问题,设计了一组新的姿态偏差函数和偏差向量,使得控制器在满足上述约束的同时还具有抗退绕的优点。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够同时满足输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的约束,并且在较大外部干扰的情况下表现出了很强的鲁棒性,同时成功地规避了退绕现象。该算法为存在多重约束的航天器姿态控制问题提供了一个新的思路和解决方案,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

Attitude synchronization for multiple spacecraft with input constraints

The attitude synchronization problem for multiple spacecraft with input constraints is investigated in this paper. Two distributed control laws are presented and analyzed. First, by intro- ducing bounded function, a distributed asymptotically stable control law is proposed. Such a con- trol scheme can guarantee attitude synchronization and the control inputs of each spacecraft can be a priori bounded regardless of the number of its neighbors. Then, based on graph theory, homoge- neous method, and Lyapunov stability theory, a distributed finite-time control law is designed. Rig- orous proof shows that attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft can be achieved in finite time, and the control scheme satisfies input saturation requirement. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the oroDosed schemes.     

基于旋转矩阵的预设时间航天器编队姿态协同控制

由多个航天器组成的编队系统对复杂的环境往往具有较高的适应性和容错性,能更高效率地完成单航天器难以完成的任务。因此主要针对多航天器系统的姿态协同控制问题,提出一种基于旋转矩阵的预设时间控制算法。首先,为了避免航天器姿态建模的奇异性和模糊性问题,采用旋转矩阵对航天器的姿态进行统一描述,同时结合有向的通信拓扑对航天器姿态协同控制系统进行建模。其次,为赋予系统可控的收敛速度,提出一种基于滑模的预设时间控制算法。该算法的引入使得航天器编队系统的收敛时间可以在合理的范围内任意给定。此外,为了实现系统对参数摄动和外部干扰的鲁棒性,采用神经网络和自适应算法对不确定性进行在线估计与补偿。最后,通过理论分析和数值仿真验证了所提预设时间控制算法的有效性。