基于偏置比例导引的垂直攻击滑模制导律

为了提高空地导弹毁伤效果,需要对地面固定目标采用大角度乃至垂直打击方式。针对这一需求,设计了一种基于偏置比例导引的垂直攻击滑模制导律。首先在传统的比例导引制导律的基础上增加了一个角度约束偏置项,并结合滑模变结构理论使其滑模变结构化。然后运用自适应滑模趋近律,并采用准滑动模态控制削弱了抖振的影响。仿真结果表明:此制导律控制落角能力较强,同时具有较高的命中精度。整个攻击过程中的弹目视线角速度变化较小,最后以垂直落角攻击目标。     

基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律

针对带有攻击时间和终端攻击角度约束的导弹制导问题,设计了一种基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律,并给出了明确的性能指标。推导广义最优角度控制制导律作用下的剩余飞行时间估算表达式,在广义最优角度控制制导律的基础上增加攻击时间误差反馈项,将攻击时间误差看做跟踪误差,设计的制导律使跟踪误差以最优模式在有限时间内收敛到零,最终实现攻击时间和终端攻击角度的共同控制。对不同参数下的情况进行仿真,验证了所提制导律的有效性。     

二阶弹体特性下带终端角度约束的制导律

针对导弹要求限制终端攻击角度以发挥战斗部的最大效能,提出了一种适用于攻击地面固定目标的具有终端角度约束的最优制导律,并和已有的具有终端角度约束的最优制导律进行了比较。该制导律针对二阶弹体特性,采用最优控制方法,使导弹在命中目标的同时,满足终端角度约束。数字仿真结果表明,所提出的制导律能够实现终端角度约束条件,具有较高的制导精度。     

攻击地面固定目标寻的导弹的一体化制导与控制(英文)

This paper presents a scheme of integrated guidance and autopilot design for homing missiles against ground fixed targets. An integrated guidance and control model in the pitch plane is formulated and further changed into a normal form by nonlinear coordinate transformation. By adopting the sliding mode control approach, an adaptive nonlinear control law of the system is designed so that the missile can hit the target accurately with a desired impact attitude angle. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also conducted. The numerical simulation has confirmed the usefulness of the proposed design scheme.     

基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

带有落角约束的一般加权最优制导律

以期望的落角方向为坐标轴定义了落角坐标系,在落角坐标系中建立了线性化的运动关系方程。应用Schwarz不等式,分别研究了控制系统为一阶惯性环节和无惯性环节情况下带落角约束的任意加权最优制导律,得到了制导律的一般表达式。对于无惯性环节控制系统以及加权函数为一般初等函数类型的一阶惯性环节控制系统,当加权函数的逆的一次到三次积分都能求出解析表达式时,均可以得到解析形式的最优制导律。对于不同的制导目的,应用本文结果可以方便地设计相应的制导律。对于某些特定的加权函数,所得制导律推广了现有文献的结论,并给出了指数权函数下满足落角约束的最优制导律的仿真结果。     

无人攻击机垂直命中目标末制导律研究

在充分考虑无人攻击机自动驾驶仪动态因素的基础上,设计了一种能够垂直命中目标的末制导律.该制导律较大程度地改善了无人攻击机终端命中角问题,同时大大提高了无人机的攻击精度,提高了作战效能.仿真结果表明,该导引律满足电视制导无人机的战技指标要求,具有一定的工程实用价值.     

Optical flow based guidance system design for semi-strapdown image homing guided missiles

This paper focuses mainly on semi-strapdown image homing guided (SSIHG) system design based on optical flow for a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) axial-symmetric skid-to-turn mis-sile. Three optical flow algorithms suitable for large displacements are introduced and compared. The influence of different displacements on computational accuracy of the three algorithms is ana-lyzed statistically. The total optical flow of the SSIHG missile is obtained using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, which is the best among the three for large displacements. After removing the rotational optical flow caused by rotation of the gimbal and missile body from the total optical flow, the remaining translational optical flow is smoothed via Kalman filtering. The circular navigation guidance (CNG) law with impact angle constraint is then obtained utilizing the smoothed translational optical flow and position of the target image. Simulations are carried out under both disturbed and undisturbed conditions, and results indicate the proposed guidance strat-egy for SSIHG missiles can result in a precise target hit with a desired impact angle without the need for the time-to-go parameter.     

Guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints

A novel closed-form guidance law with impact time and impact angle constraints is pro- posed for salvo attack of anti-ship missiles, which employs missile’s normal acceleration (not jerk) as the control command directly. Firstly, the impact time control problem is formulated as tracking the designated time-to-go (the difference between the designated impact time and the current flight time) for the actual time-to-go of missile, and the impact angle control problem is formulated as tracking the designated heading angle for the actual heading angle of missile. Secondly, a biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law with designated heading angle constraint is constructed, and the actual time-to-go estimation for this BPNG is derived analytically by solving the system differential equations. Thirdly, by adding a feedback control to this constructed BPNG to eliminate the time-to-go errorthe difference between the standard time-to-go and the actual time-to-go, a guidance law with adjustable coefficients to control the impact time and impact angle simultaneously is developed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导律

针对多导弹在平面内从期望的弹目视线（LOS）相对方向同时击中固定目标问题,提出了一种带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导律。基于平面内的导弹-目标相对运动方程,建立了带空间协同的多导弹时间协同制导模型;基于多智能体协同控制理论,在视线方向设计了分布式时间协同制导律,可保证所有导弹的打击时刻在有限时间内达到一致,在视线法向方向设计了分布式空间协同制导律,可保证所有导弹的相对视线角在有限时间内收敛到期望值;最后,通过仿真验证了所设计的协同制导律可使多导弹从期望的弹目视线相对方向同时击中目标。     

Distributed cooperative guidance for multiple missiles with fixed and switching communication topologies

This study investigates cooperative guidance problems for multiple missiles with fixed and switching directed communication topologies.A two-step guidance strategy is proposed to realize the simultaneous attack.In the first step,a distributed cooperative guidance law is designed using local neighboring information for multiple missiles to achieve consensus on range-to-go and leading angle.The second step begins when the consensus of multiple missiles is realized.During the second step,multiple missiles disconnect from each other and hit the target using the proportional navigation guidance law.First,based on the local neighboring communications,a sufficient condition for multiple missiles to realize simultaneous attack with a fixed communication topology is presented,where the topology is only required to have a directed spanning tree.Then,the results are extended to the case of switching communication topologies.Finally,numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results.     

Cooperative guidance strategy for multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles system

Cooperative guidance strategy for multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles system with flight constraints and cooperative constraints is investigated. This paper mainly cares about the coordination of the entry glide flight phase and driving-down phase. Different from the existing results, both the attack time and the attack angle constraints are considered simultaneously. Firstly, for the entry glide flight phase, a two-stage method is proposed to achieve the rapid cooperative trajectories planning, where the control signal corridors are designed based on the quasi-equilibrium gliding conditions. In the first stage, the bank angle curve is optimized to achieve the attack angle coordination. In the second stage, the angle of attack curve is optimized to achieve the attack time coordination. The optimized parameters can be obtained by the secant method. Secondly, for the driving-down phase, the cooperative terminal guidance law is designed where the terminal attack time and attack angle are considered. The guidance law is then transformed into the bank angle and angle of attack commands. The cooperative guidance strategy is summarized as an algorithm. Finally, a numerical simulation example with three hypersonic gliding vehicles is provided for revealing the effectiveness of the acquired strategy and algorithm.     

基于多项式函数求解的落角约束制导律

在攻击坦克、舰艇等特定目标时,需要对导弹的终端落角进行约束,进一步提高战斗部的毁伤效能。针对这一问题,设计了基于多项式函数推导的落角约束制导律。首先在纵向对称平面内建立弹目相对运动学的小扰动线性化模型,利用落角和脱靶量的始端和终端约束条件,推导得到了满足落角约束的制导律的解析表达式。对该制导律进行仿真,仿真结果表明该制导律可以使导弹按照期望落角命中目标。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Three-dimensional finite-time cooperative guidance for multiple missiles without radial velocity measurements

In order to simultaneously attack a target with impact angle constraint in threedimensional(3-D) space, a novel distributed cooperative guidance law for multiple missiles under directed communication topologies is proposed without radial velocity measurements. First, based on missiles-target 3-D relative motion equations, the multiple missiles cooperative guidance model with impact angle constraint is constructed. Then, in Line-of-Sight(LOS) direction, based on multiagent system cooperative control theory, one guidance law with directed topologies is designed with strict proof, which can guarantee finite time consensus of multiple missiles' impact times. Next, in elevation direction and azimuth direction of LOS, based on homogeneous system stability theory and integral sliding mode control theory, two guidance laws are proposed respectively with strict proof, which can guarantee LOS angles converge to desired values and LOS angular rates converge to zero in finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed cooperative guidance law is demonstrated through simulation results.     

Optimal three-dimensional impact time guidance with seeker’s field-of-view constraint

This paper proposes a new three-dimensional optimal guidance law for impact time control with seeker’s Field-of-View (FOV) constraint to intercept a stationary target. The proposed guidance law is devised in conjunction with the concept of biased Proportional Navigation Guidance (PNG). The guidance law developed leverages a nonlinear function to ensure the boundedness of velocity lead angle to cater to the seeker’s FOV limit. It is proven that the impact time error is nullified in a finite-time under the proposed method. Additionally, the optimality of the biased command is theoretically analyzed. Numerical simulations confirm the superiority of the proposed method and validate the analytic findings.     

Modified rolling guidance law for single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle against maneuvering target with impact angle constraints

This paper deals with the problem of guidance law design for the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle when impact angle constraints and maneuvering target are taken into consideration. More specifically, a modified rolling guidance law is proposed with the interactive virtual target and the landing point prediction strategy. First, considering the fact that the roll channel can be controlled directly, the relative motion between the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle and the ...     

考虑驾驶仪动态特性的固定时间收敛制导律

针对打击机动目标的制导问题,设计了一种同时考虑攻击角度约束、自动驾驶仪动态特性和固定时间收敛的新型制导律。首先,基于非奇异终端滑模控制和固定时间稳定性理论,采用反步递推方法设计制导律。在制导律设计过程中,设计了一种固定时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,基于固定时间控制和滑模控制,设计虚拟控制律,构造一种非线性一阶滤波器解决传统反步设计中的"微分膨胀"问题。基于超螺旋算法和固定时间稳定性理论,设计了一种固定时间收敛的滑模干扰观测器,用于估计目标机动等干扰。然后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,对制导律的固定时间稳定性进行了证明,并给出了收敛时间的表达式。最后,通过仿真分析,验证了所提制导律的有效性,和现有制导律相比,所提制导律具有较高的制导精度和角度约束精度、较快的系统收敛速度以及较少的能量消耗。     

Optimal guidance of extended trajectory shaping

To control missile＇s miss distance as well as terminal impact angle, by involving the timeto-go-nth power in the cost function, an extended optimal guidance law against a constant maneuvering target or a stationary target is proposed using the linear quadratic optimal control theory.An extended trajectory shaping guidance（ETSG） law is then proposed under the assumption that the missile-target relative velocity is constant and the line of sight angle is small. For a lag-free ETSG system, closed-form solutions for the missile＇s acceleration command are derived by the method of Schwartz inequality and linear simulations are performed to verify the closed-form results. Normalized adjoint systems for miss distance and terminal impact angle error are presented independently for stationary targets and constant maneuvering targets, respectively. Detailed discussions about the terminal misses and impact angle errors induced by terminal impact angle constraint, initial heading error, seeker zero position errors and target maneuvering, are performed.     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.