锯齿形硅基微通道内流动与换热特性实验

采用微机电系统(MEMS)工艺在硅片上制作锯齿形微通道,并对其内部流动和换热特性进行了实验研究,同时与相同高宽比和当量直径的平直微通道进行了对比,讨论了锯齿形硅微通道强化换热的机理.研究表明:锯齿形微通道内流动摩擦常数fRe和换热努塞尔数Nu较平直微通道均有明显提高,且提高幅度随雷诺数Re增加而增加;相同泵功条件下锯齿形微通道换热热阻显著下降.      

周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性

以去离子水为冷却工质,对周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性进行了实验研究.获得了流体流过周期性变截面微通道热沉内的摩擦阻力系数、Nu数、不同热流密度下的加热膜温度、热阻和泵功的关系,并与传统直通道进行比较分析,结果显示周期性变截面微通道热沉由于流体冲击肋侧壁,增加了局部阻力,导致消耗的泵功增加,但换热能力却有了显著的提高,壁面温差减小,具有非常优越的换热性能,能够满足高热流密度微电子器件冷却的需要.      

旋转状态下矩形微小通道流动与换热试验研究

为了研究微小通道结构在航空发动机涡轮叶片中应用的前景和可行性,以空气为冷却介质,在Re＝1000～3000、转速为0～500 r/min、Ro＝0～3.5×10-3条件下,对水力直径为1 mm的旋转微小通道组的流动和换热特性进行试验研究。结果表明：微小通道流阻系数呈现粗糙壁通道特征,通道临界Re≈2350,流阻系数以及临界Re随转速增加未见明显改变。在静止状态下,通道组综合换热系数随Re增大而增大,换热系数分布沿流动方向逐渐减小;在旋转状态下,通道组平均综合换热系数略有增大,旋转对换热特性的影响随着流动的发展而增大     

基于格子Boltzmann方法表面形貌对微通道对流换热的影响

为推动微通道冷却技术在航空发动机中的应用,进一步提高航空发动机性能,本文通过扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度扫描仪等多方式扫描得到实际加工物体表面形貌,结合分形理论进行处理,得到真实、光滑、分形插值、康托尔集四类圆形截面管模型,管径100μm~400μm;采用格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,首先通过与文献中实验结果的对比,验证了此方法的正确性,然后对空气在这四类圆形截面微通道中的对流换热特性进行了数值模拟,计算雷诺数Re范围80~640;结果发现：表面形貌是微通道中对流换热不可忽略的因素,相对粗糙度越大越有利于换热,真实扫描管的换热性能要比相同条件下光滑管高2.22%;分形理论可用于微通道表面形貌的构建,在相同迭代次数下,分形插值模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差0.03%,而康托尔集模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差1.88%,分形插值模型较康托尔集模型更能真实地反映实际形貌;微通道中,随着雷诺数的增加Nu将不再是常数,而是有增加的趋势。     

层间叉排微针肋液体冷却3D-IC流动及换热特性

用数值模拟的方法,研究了散热面积为1cm2带有层间微散热结构双面均热发热3D-IC内部流体层流流动与换热,对体积流量在36~290mL/min范围内,通道高度为200μm,通道间距为200μm的带有矩形微通道和叉排微针肋液体冷却3D-IC(three-dimensional integration circuit)的流动与换热进行了分析.结果表明:带有层间叉排微针肋液体冷却3D-IC具有良好的换热效果,在热流密度为1.25MW/m2,体积流量为290mL/min时,其发热面平均温度、最大温度只有318.31,323.16K,分别最大减小了12.31,20.14K,此时的功率为250W、体积热源为8.3kW/cm3.      

矩形与收敛通道内高实度扰流柱换热特性研究

采用SST k-ω湍流模型,对矩形与收敛两种通道内高实度(45%)圆形扰流柱的传热与流动特性进行数值模拟。通过比较两种通道内的流场结构,分析其内部冷却气体的流动机理,进而探求扰流柱阵列的传热性能与压降变化。结果表明:通道类型对内部流场结构有很大影响。收敛通道内流体的速度相比矩形通道的呈现沿程增加的趋势,其对自身的流动损失及换热效果影响加大;两种通道内扰流柱的平均换热水平随进口雷诺数的增大均呈指数上升趋势,相比较收敛通道的更高,但差距逐渐缩小;两种通道的整体压力损失系数均呈指数下降趋势。同一进口雷诺数下,矩形通道在中游出现换热峰值,收敛通道的换热效果沿流向持续提升,两者虽在相同排列产生换热波动点,但单排换热差距逐渐增大。矩形通道内单排扰流柱压力损失系数沿流向先降低后升高,收敛通道内则持续上升。     

带前缘涡轮动叶内冷通道流动换热数值模拟

在静止条件下,通过数值模拟的方法对接近真实的带前缘涡轮工作叶片腔模型内的流动与换热进行了分析.结果表明:腔内斜肋引发的三维涡对换热产生了巨大的影响,在一倍肋高范围内, Y-Z 和 X-Y 平面上都出现了肋后涡,使得此处传热系数降低;在 X-Z 平面上,第2通道产生一对方向相反的涡,第3通道只产生一个涡.两个通道中的涡都占据整个横截面,这些涡增加了通道流阻.冲击和气膜流动主导了前缘通道内的换热,冲击产生的一对涡加强了流动掺混,促进了前缘吸、压力面上的换热,而高速的气膜出流推动了这一过程.相同流量工况下,第2通道带肋表面的平均换热和局部换热都是最好的,而光滑的第1通道总压降最小,综合换热性能在各个通道中最高.随着雷诺数的增加,各通道吸、压力面的局部换热和平均换热都增强,但压降系数变化不大.      

流量分配对尾缘通道流动换热特性的影响

采用数值模拟方法,研究了不同进气比条件下双向进气叶片尾缘通道的流动与换热特性。结果表明,整个尾缘通道的全局平均换热强度随着进气比的增加而增大。小进气比情况下,尾缝出口流量沿径向分布较均匀,整个通道的对流换热都较弱,其中中间隔板附近对流换热最弱。大进气比情况下,尾缝出口流量分布沿径向变化较大,在通道顶部区域分布较多,通道顶部区域对流换热最强,中间隔板附近对流换热有所改善。     

3D 打印一次表面换热器流动换热性能试验研究

为了研究一次表面换热器的叉流角度和流体流动通道大小对其换热能力及热气压力损失的影响,对不同结构形式的一次表面换热器在各设计工况下的流动及换热特性进行分析,针对3种叉流角度(15°、30°和45°)的大通道和2个小通道(0°和30°)一次表面换热器开展其流动换热性能的试验,试验热气入口温度分别为60、80、100和120℃,热气流量分别为30、40、60和80 kg/h。试验结果表明:不论大、小通道换热器,叉流角度越大,换热器的换热能力越强,热气压降呈递增的趋势;叉流角度同为30°时,小通道换热器的换热能力强于大通道换热器的,但热气压降较大;通道大小对一次换热器流动和换热的影响强于叉流角度对其的影响。借助试验结果对不同叉流角度的一次表面换热器给出热气压降的试验拟合公式,总结了通道大小与换热系数的关系。     

旋转通道一维非定常计算模型

采用特征线法,对航空发动机二次空气系统的旋转通道结构一维非定常流动及换热的计算模型进行了研究,通过将广义的定截面、有摩擦、考虑对外热交换的旋转通道可压缩非定常流动偏微分方程组转换为常微分方程组,考虑旋转离心力,并采用Colebrook White方程定义其阻力特性,进而获得旋转通道内部沿流动方向压力、质量流量、温度等系统参数的特征线数值解,采用商业软件Fluent对其进行验证.结果表明:特征线法利用压力波传播方式对旋转通道进行求解,能够直观地描述旋转通道一维非定常流动及换热特性,计算误差不超过5%,可以作为二次空气系统旋转通道一维非定常计算研究的有效手段.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.