轮毂旋转对环形叶栅角区流场的影响

通过数值模拟来研究和分析某环形叶栅轮毂壁面旋转对静子叶根角区流动结构的影响.研究结果表明:轮毂正向转动可以减小叶栅端壁区的流动堵塞,轮毂端壁角区的流动结构由三维分离流动结构转变为泄漏涡占主导的端壁分离结构.轮毂壁面旋转带来的叶栅角区流动结构的变化根本原因在于端壁转动引起的叶栅根部间隙泄漏增强,阻碍了轮毂端壁附面层二次流向叶片吸力面角区的堆积.      

高负荷压气机叶栅分离结构及其等离子体流动控制

 为揭示高负荷压气机叶栅内部流动损失的产生机理和分布规律以及等离子体气动激励的作用机制,利用拓扑分析和数值计算方法,从计算模型的建立与验证、基准流场的分离结构和等离子体流动控制3个方面展开研究;对总压损失系数分布、拓扑结构和表面流谱与空间流线分布以及旋涡结构进行分析,并开展了激励方式的优化分析.结果表明:随着攻角的增大,固壁面拓扑结构增加了3对奇点,吸力面流向激励改变了固壁面拓扑结构.当攻角为2°时,在吸力面拓扑结构中产生了一对奇点,打断了角区分离线,并引入了一条回流再附线.叶栅流道内部有5个主要涡系,尾缘径向对涡促进流体的展向流动,并成为吸力面倒流的主要组成部分;角涡是一个独立的涡系,其强度和尺度不受等离子体气动激励的影响.吸力面流向激励可以改善叶中流场,但对角区流动作用很小;端壁横向激励可以降低角区流动损失,对叶中流场作用有限;吸力面流向与端壁横向组合激励在整个叶高范围内均可以显著抑制流动分离;端壁横向流动对角区流动分离结构的影响大于吸力面附面层的分离.吸力面流向激励的优化明显降低,而端壁横向激励和组合激励的优化保持并增强了等离子体流动的控制效果.     

端壁抽吸位置对大转角扩压叶栅流场及负荷的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁近吸力面处进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.对叶栅出口截面参数和叶片型面静压进行了测量,并在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示.结果表明,端壁抽吸主要影响了吸力面/端壁角区,重新分配叶片根部负荷.在角区未发生分离的位置开始抽吸可有效推迟叶栅内的角区分离,降低损失,改善叶栅端区流动;而在角区已经发生分离的弦向位置开槽吸气则引起了局部回流,恶化了流场,增加了低能流体的掺混和气动损失.     

端壁吸/吹气对超声速压气机叶栅流场影响机理的对比研究

附面层吸/吹气是抑制流动分离、提高压气机叶片负荷的有效技术途径。针对超声速压气机叶栅内激波诱导的角区分离,分别采用多种不同的端壁吸/吹气方案对其进行流动控制,旨在探索端壁吸/吹气对激波干涉下角区分离的控制机理,并对比分析端壁吸/吹气对超声速压气机叶栅角区分离的控制效果。结果表明:在激波/端壁附面层干涉下,该超声速压气机叶栅内存在大范围的激波诱导角区分离,角区分离使得该超声速叶栅存在强三维效应,二维叶栅中的单正激波变为"斜激波+正激波"结构,叶中吸力面尾缘开式分离变为闭式分离;端壁吸气可有效抑制该超声速叶栅的角区分离,吸气后近端壁区损失系数大幅降低,最优端壁吸气缝方案的起始点与亚声速压气机叶栅相同,但端壁吸气后叶中的双激波结构变为单正激波结构,叶中流动分离增大;端壁吹气也可有效抑制角区分离,其控制效果略优于端壁吸气,其原因是吹气缝处的静压高于吸气缝,对激波的增强作用弱于端壁吸气;与端壁吸气方案不同的是,最优端壁吹气缝方案的起始点位于叶片前缘。     

不同攻角下端壁射流旋涡控制扩压叶栅分离流动研究

为了研究端壁射流旋涡对扩压叶栅分离流动及性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,对不同攻角下带有端壁射流的50°折转角扩压叶栅进行了研究。结果表明:具有最优射流结构的旋涡发生器有效减弱了叶栅角区分离,零攻角下出口总压损失降低了8.9%;随着攻角的上升,射流对扩压叶栅气动性能的改善越显著;射流产生的旋涡可阻挡端壁低能流体向吸力面的迁移,并将主流流体卷入角区,角区流体动量增加、流动分离减弱,但旋涡与端壁二次流的掺混使得10%叶高以下的损失略微增大;射流参数决定了射流旋涡与吸力面的相对位置以及旋涡强度,对射流控制栅内流动分离效果有重大影响,需合理选择。     

大子午扩张涡轮端区的流动传热及端区正弯效果的数值研究

为了研究大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性,并研究叶片端区正弯技术在大子午扩张涡轮中的气动和传热效果,对某大子午扩张涡轮静叶进行数值模拟。运用SST湍流模型精确捕捉流动结构,并进行了气动和传热预测的有效性实验验证。通过分析结果,对大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性以及两者相互影响关系进行了深入研究,分析了端区正弯技术在重组大子午扩张涡轮端区流动以及合理分布热负荷的应用效果。结果表明：大子午扩张端壁导致涡轮端壁附面层的强烈分离,通道涡分离点提前约15%,高传热区受马蹄涡和通道涡的强烈影响;端区正弯有效地改善了大子午扩张静叶端壁的附面层分离,减小前缘的热负荷25%,提高涡轮的气热性能。     

进气畸变及非轴对称端壁造型对紧凑型压气机中介机匣性能的影响

为掌握畸变进气下非轴对称端壁造型对大径向落差长度比紧凑型压气机中介机匣气动特性的影响机制，采用数值模拟方法研究了畸变进气条件下中介机匣的流动特性，并进一步探索了轮毂非轴对称端壁造型对中介机匣内部流动结构和节流特性的影响。结果显示：进气畸变下中介机匣出口流场高总压损失与畸变主要来源于轮毂表面附面层分离产生的旋流和支板角区分离的共同作用。采用提出的基于三角函数的非轴对称端壁造型方法可有效消除轮毂表面的分离螺旋节点和支板角区分离，使中介机匣性能得到明显提升，总压损失系数降低约11.4%，且畸变进气下轮毂端壁造型对中介机匣节流特性的影响规律与均匀进气不同。     

大子午扩张涡轮端区的流动传热及端区正弯效果的数值研究

为了研究大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性,并研究叶片端区正弯技术在大子午扩张涡轮中的气动和传热效果,对某大子午扩张涡轮静叶进行数值模拟。运用SST湍流模型精确捕捉流动结构,并进行了气动和传热预测的有效性实验验证。通过分析结果,对大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性以及两者相互影响关系进行了深入研究,分析了端区正弯技术在重组大子午扩张涡轮端区流动以及合理分布热负荷的应用效果。结果表明:大子午扩张端壁导致涡轮端壁附面层的强烈分离,通道涡分离点提前约15%,高传热区受马蹄涡和通道涡的强烈影响;端区正弯有效地改善了大子午扩张静叶端壁的附面层分离,减小前缘的热负荷25%,提高涡轮的气热性能。     

叶尖泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离相互作用实验研究

为了进一步揭示叶顶泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离流动的相互作用机制,采用五孔气动探针测量了叶栅出口截面气动参数,并对机匣端壁静压进行了测量,详细分析了不同间隙尺寸及来流角度时压气机叶栅间隙流对角区三维分离流动的影响机理.研究结果表明,适当大小叶顶间隙引入的泄漏流阻止了端壁二次流动与叶片吸力面附面层之间的相互作用,移除了三维角区分离,改善了叶栅性能.随着叶顶间隙尺寸及叶栅内气流折转程度的增加,叶顶泄漏涡与上通道涡间的相互作用程度逐渐增强.     

端壁抽吸位置对压气机叶栅角区分离控制的影响

以某高负荷压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法探索了叶栅端壁不同抽吸位置对角区流动结构、通道漩涡发展过程以及叶栅性能的影响规律,寻求控制角区分离的可行方法。研究结果表明:在叶栅前缘上游5%C(弦长)位置实施抽吸,延缓了通道涡的形成,但导致叶栅来流攻角发生改变,在角区形成角区分离涡,并且该漩涡与通道涡相互促进,进一步恶化叶栅流场,导致叶栅落后角增大,损失增加;在叶栅通道激波后25%C端壁抽吸,吸除了上游端壁积累的高熵低能气流,制约了通道涡的迅速发展,改善了叶栅通道的流场结构,降低了流动损失,但并未对上游流场产生较大影响,是一种可行的方案。然而25%C处抽吸后,未能完全消除分离,在端部与叶栅通道主流之间存在较高损失区域。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.