环形燃烧室中圆台斜爆震燃烧特性研究

面向宽域爆震组合动力发展需求,首次提出适用于轴对称环形流道的圆台诱导斜爆震燃烧组织形式,通过数值模拟验证较低马赫数飞行工况下圆台诱导驻定斜爆震燃烧的可行性以及与斜劈、圆锥斜爆震燃烧的差异,从几何与来流参数两方面研究了圆台诱导斜爆震波的起爆与驻定特性。结果表明：在Ma7飞行工况,相比于圆锥和斜劈,环形燃烧室中圆台可以同时实现斜爆震波的加速起爆与稳定驻定。圆台上游的压缩作用以及下游的膨胀作用,使得圆台斜爆震波存在脱体而不前传的特殊起爆区结构。圆台内径、圆台角度、来流压缩程度以及当量比增大均有利于圆台诱导斜爆震波的起爆。同时,起爆区结构也会出现从渐变到突变再到稳定脱体的变化规律,相应的起爆距离逐渐缩短,爆震波角度逐渐增大。     

鼓包诱导斜爆震波的数值研究

为实现低马赫数条件下斜爆震波的快速起爆,以及提高斜爆震波对来流扰动的抗干扰能力,提出了通过在诱导区内设置一个小鼓包来控制斜爆震波起爆的方案,并通过数值求解二维多组分欧拉方程研究了楔面和鼓包诱导的斜爆震波。结果表明：通过在诱导区内设置鼓包可实现斜爆震波的提前起爆;且在较宽马赫数范围内,其起爆位置相对固定。鼓包诱导的斜爆震波主要有强耦合和弱耦合两种起爆形式,起爆形式与鼓包和斜激波的相对位置有关。此外,来流扰动会使楔面诱导的斜爆震波剧烈振荡,不利于斜爆震发动机的稳定工作;鼓包的存在对来流扰动所引发的斜爆震波振荡具有一定的抑制作用。     

突跃型与平滑型斜爆震波起爆机制数值模拟

采用带有化学反应的Euler方程,对突跃型与平滑型2种形态的斜爆震波(ODW)在起爆机制和结构特点等方面的差异进行了研究.结果表明:斜激波(OSW)后是否存在亚声速区是判定斜爆震形态的依据.当波后火焰抬升斜激波面使得亚声速区存在时,横向激波与三波点结构就会出现并形成突跃型斜爆震.当波后所有区域皆为超声速区时,波后火焰燃烧无法影响到上游激波面,则会形成平滑型斜爆震.通过斜激波关系式给出了横向激波形成所需的临界斜激波角度,只有当斜激波角度大于此临界角度时才能形成突跃型斜爆震波,反之则形成平滑型斜爆震波.      

斜爆震发动机进气道与燃烧室一体化设计仿真研究

针对Ma10量级高超声速飞行器应用背景,为了实现斜爆震发动机一体化,基于氢气与空气预混来流条件,开展斜爆震发动机设计研究。通过压缩波系配置,分析进气道压缩过程对斜爆震发动机燃烧室入口参数影响规律;针对不同燃烧室入口条件,开展斜爆震驻定燃烧过程仿真分析,获得入口来流参数与几何参数对斜爆震燃烧组织过程影响规律;基于优选方案,开展斜爆震发动机进气道与燃烧室一体化数值仿真。研究结果表明:随着当量比、斜劈角增大,爆震波后的压力与温度与相应的爆震波角会增大;通过合理选取进气道与燃烧室结构参数,可以实现斜爆震发动机进气道压缩过程与燃烧组织过程的匹配。     

高温超声速流中爆震波特性数值研究

通过对高温超声速流中爆震波性质的研究,评估其在高超声速冲压发动机燃烧室的燃烧组织中应用的可行性,并通过数值模拟对分析结论进行了验证。提出了一种新的爆震波起爆机制,注入高温超声速流中的燃料混气可通过自身缓慢的释热使流动进入局域热壅塞状态,进而借助局域热壅塞产生的激波实现爆震波的起爆。计算结果表明在适宜的温度与马赫数条件下,注入高温超声速流中的燃料可通过新的起爆机制在超声速流中形成一道稳定的驻定爆震波。表明在高超声速冲压发动机燃烧室中存在着通过驻定爆震波实现火焰稳定的可能性。     

两种前体压缩方式对斜爆震燃烧影响的数值研究

为推动工程应用,探究斜爆震发动机前体压缩程度对斜爆震燃烧的影响,建立了两道等强激波和斜激波-等熵两种前体压缩简化模型,通过数值模拟对比了飞行马赫数8～10条件下,两种压缩方式对斜爆震波结构以及斜爆震波总压损失的影响.结果表明,前体压缩方式的差异会引起斜爆震波起爆区结构以及起爆位置的变化,且随着飞行马赫数降低,压缩方式对...     

壁面抽吸条件下的爆震波传播特性

为研究静止气中壁面抽吸对爆震波传播特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了多孔抽吸壁面条件下爆震波的流场结构、传播速度等特性的变化规律。结果表明多孔抽吸壁面对爆震波传播特性有两方面的影响。首先,流场与多孔壁面发生碰撞产生弧形激波,弧形激波对爆震波的横波结构造成直接破坏,导致靠近多孔壁面区域的爆震波产生明显的速度亏损,爆震波强度削弱甚至熄爆;其次,多孔壁面作用导致了流场不稳定性增强,流场与孔板碰撞产生高温高压点,对爆震波的传播有促进作用,尤其在临界条件下,可能导致爆震波熄爆后重新起爆。在保持抽吸压力和边界条件不变情况下,对不同活性及不同抽吸距离时的爆震波传播特性进行研究,发现预混气活性降低、抽吸距离增长时,爆震波结构和传播速度受壁面抽吸影响增强。在加长抽吸距离条件下,随着预混气活性的降低,存在3种爆震波传播现象,即自持传播、熄爆后重新起爆以及完全熄爆。将相应工况下的实验研究与数值模拟结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟结果的正确性。     

膨胀波对斜劈稳定斜爆震波特性影响的数值研究

为探究燃烧室内可能存在的膨胀波对斜爆震稳定燃烧的影响，基于块结构自适应网格加密的AMROC程序，求解多组分可压缩化学反应流Euler方程，研究了膨胀波对斜劈诱导斜爆震流场的影响。发现无限长斜劈模型中，斜爆震波面角度是缓慢增加的，膨胀波影响下，斜爆震波面角度明显下降。从爆震波面角度变化中可以明显看出膨胀波的影响范围和爆震波的衰减程度。来流的低静压不会改变膨胀波影响范围，但容易导致爆震波衰减直至发生解耦，因此高马赫数低静压来流条件下斜爆震燃烧的稳定性和燃烧效率需要着重考虑。此外，使用普朗特-梅耶膨胀波基本原理对膨胀区进行分析，发现爆燃区流场参数与理论值吻合较好，且壁面附近前马赫线角度与近似膨胀波前沿较为接近；基于此，发展了一种定性评估斜劈末端膨胀波影响范围的手段，在膨胀波前马赫线角度基础上适当增加4°～10°，可以近似得到膨胀波的前沿位置。     

超声速预混气的热射流起爆过程数值模拟

采用带有化学反应的Euler方程,对超声速预混气的热射流起爆过程进行了研究。在来流速度大于CJ(Chapman-Jouguet)爆震速度的情况下,射流所导致的弓形激波在爆震波起爆过程中起到了重要作用,而爆震波不稳定性导致横波的产生是决定能否完全起爆的关键因素。射流角度的改变能够影响到起爆的过程与驻定性质。随着射流角度的逐渐减小,会出现起爆后驻定、起爆后不能驻定以及起爆失败三种结果。     

横向射流起爆爆震波数值研究

采用CFD软件对横向喷射的射流在预先充满丙烷/空气恰当比混合物的爆震室中起爆爆震波的过程和机理进行了数值模拟,并讨论了射流的压力、速度以及温度对爆震波起爆特性的影响.结果表明,对于计算的物理模型,爆震射流不能在爆震室中直接起爆爆震波;射流与壁面的碰撞形成激波反射,激波反射产生的横渡、热点和局部爆震引发起爆;能够成功起爆爆震波的横向射流存在最小的射流压力,该射流压力为0.9MPa;较小的射流压力、较小的射流速度或较低的射流温度都不利于横向射流在爆震室中起爆爆震波.     

斜爆轰波系在受限空间内的演变及其临界条件的数值研究

针对斜爆轰发动机简化模型,采用多组分基元化学反应流动数值模拟技术,数值分析了斜爆轰波系在受限空间内的宏观结构特征及其演变,并进一步分析了爆轰波系结构转变的临界条件.研究结果发现,随着楔面角度的增加,依次出现四种结构:激波诱导燃烧、斜爆轰波双规则反射、回流区马赫反射、楔面燃烧.对于稳定的波系结构,楔面压缩角同时存在下临界...     

A theoretical method for solving shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium and its applications

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relatio...     

Initiation characteristics of oblique detonation waves from a finite wedge under argon dilution

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves (ODWs) induced by a finite wedge under argon dilution are studied by solving the Euler equations with a detailed chemical model of hydrogen and air. First, the effects of the expansion waves, argon concentration, geometric parameters, and Mach number on the ODW are discussed. The results show that the changes of these parameters may make the oblique detonation not be initiated. Then, the ODW initiation criterion of the finite wedge is summarized, as the characteristic length of the induction zone L_C and the characteristic length of the oblique wedge L_W meet the condition L_C/L_W < 1, the initiation of the ODW occurs; otherwise, it does not occur. What’s more, the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) theory is applied to study the characteristic length of induction zone. It is found that CVC theory is more suitable for the “smooth transition” type of ODW flow field, the theoretical and numerical characteristic length in induction regions are in good agreement. This work is of great significance for the design of oblique detonation engines for hypersonic vehicles.     

尖劈诱导的斜爆轰波的精细结构及其影响因素

为了揭示斜爆轰的精细结构及其影响因素,基于带化学反应的Euler方程,利用五阶WENO格式,对尖劈诱导的斜爆轰进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在劈面的压缩下,斜爆轰波阵面被分为三种结构,依次是类ZND结构、单三波点阵面结构和双三波点阵面结构。同时,根据三波点的轨迹绘制了胞格结构,其中单三波点的轨迹为平行直线,而双三波点的轨迹为倾斜的蜂窝状结构。讨论了来流马赫数和尖劈角度对劈面压缩性的影响,随着马赫数和劈角的增加,尖劈的压缩更厉害,爆轰波阵面也就越光滑。     

汽油/空气两相脉冲爆震发动机触发爆震的研究

有效的触发爆震波是脉冲爆震发动机正常工作的关键所在。为了在多循环两相脉冲爆震发动机的缓燃到爆震转变过程中,有效的控制激波反射,成功的触发爆震。通过在爆震室内合理的排放障碍物来促进激波与火焰的相互作用,组织激波反射,适时的触发爆震,从而有效地缩短促发爆震的距离,并最终获得充分发展的爆震波。试验发现爆震管内同样的障碍物在不同的位置起到的作用不同。在直径58 mm,长度1275 mm的汽油/空气PDE爆震管内成功触发频率为50 Hz的爆震。      

双楔面诱导的斜爆轰波阵面的磁流体控制

基于高超声速飞行器爆轰推进发展需要,数值研究了由双楔面诱导的斜爆轰波类型及其磁流体(MHD)控制的可行性,探讨了后楔倾角变化对双楔斜爆轰流场与MHD控制的影响.结果表明:对于前、后楔倾角分别为15°与20°的双楔面诱导的斜爆轰,Lorentz力可以将不同来流马赫数条件下的稳定斜爆轰波阵面恢复到设计位置,并可以使不稳定斜爆轰波趋于稳定,但是,无法将不稳定斜爆轰波恢复到设计位置.而当后楔倾角稍微增加时,若爆轰流场稳定,同样可对斜爆轰波阵面进行有效控制.但当后楔倾角大于25°时,稳定斜爆轰波流场失稳,此时MHD无法控制流场稳定性.但若增加气体反应速率,虽然斜爆轰波不稳定,MHD控制却可使其趋于稳定,但无法将爆轰波阵面恢复到设计位置.      

Experimental research on rotating detonation with liquid hypergolic propellants

This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide (NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH). An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors, respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.     

Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification

Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions.