基于全局气动优化方法的跨声速叶栅气动优化

提出了适用于叶栅三维气动设计优化的全局自动气动优化方法.对NASA Rotor 37转子叶栅进行了气动优化设计.利用该叶栅的试验数据校核了计算流体(CFD)程序的可靠性.以等熵效率最高为目标函数,在满足流量约束和总压比约束的条件下,完成了跨声速叶栅的气动优化设计.优化叶栅的等熵效率提高了1.66%,具有优秀的气动性能和变工况性能.优化结果表明,通过优化三维跨声速叶栅的型线和径向基迭方式,可以有效的减小跨声速叶栅的激波损失.      

基于多目标优化的透平叶栅变工况设计方法

将基于多目标优化方法的变工况设计思想引入到透平叶栅气动优化设计领域, 以能量法为基础, 提出了二维叶栅型线光顺方法和叶栅自动设计参数化方法, 在此基础上进一步结合并行多目标差分进化算法和CFD技术, 发展了叶栅变工况自动气动优化设计方法.对一个透平叶栅选择一亚声速工况和一跨声速工况进行了变工况自动气动优化设计研究.设计结果表明该设计方法能一次性获得适用于不同工况范围的多个气动性能优良的叶栅, 具有优秀的设计能力和工程实用价值.      

全三维轴流式透平叶栅离散伴随气动优化设计

在前期研究的基础上,将三维轴流式透平叶栅参数化方法发展为基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)技术的新型叶栅参数化方法。此方法在对叶栅型线进行NURBS曲线拟合的同时,将叶栅各截面重心及安装角也纳入参数化范围,大大扩展了优化设计空间。基于此,应用离散伴随气动优化设计系统,对Aachen第一级静叶栅在无粘、大负攻角流动条件下,以降低叶栅进出口总压损失为目标进行了全三维气动优化设计。优化后叶栅总压系数提高了1.64%,通道内的流动分离状况得到了有效改善。此外,对优化过程是否添加质量流量约束进行的研究表明,约束条件对优化效果有较大影响,实际应用中应根据需要进行具体的优化设置。     

三角形涡发生器综合换热性能全局优化和知识挖掘

为了强化布置三角形涡发生器的U型通道综合换热性能,耦合基于子元模型的全局优化算法、三角形涡发生器参数化方法、三维RANS方程求解技术与基于总变差分析的知识挖掘技术,建立了高效的三角形涡发生器综合换热性能优化与知识挖掘方法。在验证本文数值方法正确性的基础上,以综合换热性能最优为目标函数,对布置于U型通道内的三角形涡发生器进行设计优化与知识挖掘。优化后,最优设计的三角形涡发生器诱导产生的下洗涡对的强度和间距增加,使得U型通道的综合换热性能相对提高了14.5%。同时对设计空间进行知识挖掘,筛选对综合换热性能影响显著的设计变量,分析显著变量对目标函数的影响机制。结果表明:三角形涡发生器的高度对通道换热能力和阻力损失的影响最为显著,而三角形涡发生器的宽度对通道综合换热性能的影响最为显著。     

基于小生境遗传算法和RANS方程的平面叶栅气动优化设计

发展了一种将小生境遗传算法与RANS方程数值求解相结合的平面叶栅全局优化设计方法.该方法针对遗传算法的搜索原理和平面叶栅的气动外形特点, 提出了与之相适应的Bezier曲线参数化表达, 构造了用于优化设计的适应度函数.优化设计变量是平面叶栅的参数化Bezier曲线特征多边形控制点坐标, 目标函数为极大化叶栅的升阻比, 约束条件综合考虑了叶栅的进出口几何安装角及叶片强度和性能等要求, 约束条件的处理采用松紧罚函数法.优化得到的叶栅升阻比比初始叶栅提高了8.3%.      

航空发动机涡轮动叶设计平台的构建与验证

针对航空发动机涡轮叶片的设计流程,开发了涡轮动叶的设计平台。基于气动热力学方法建立了1维性能设计模块;并在研究平面叶栅造型设计方法的基础上,建立了2维气动分析模块,可以实现2维叶型气动性能的快速分析;在实心/冷却叶片参数化设计的基础上,引入多学科可行方法,建立了实心/冷却叶片设计和多学科优化模块。利用所开发的设计平台进行了某型冷却叶片的多学科设计优化,有效提高了该叶片的综合性能,验证了平台的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的压气机叶型优化设计

建立了一套将遗传算法和流场数值模拟技术相结合的压气机叶型优化设计系统,针对进口高亚音的压气机叶型进行优化。通过准三维叶栅通道计算程序进行流场数值模拟,评估叶型气动性能。选取了与叶型形状和气动性能密切相关的三个变量作为优化参数,按照可控扩散叶型的设计标准构造了优化目标函数。数值计算结果表明优化叶型的气动性能有了明显提高。对优化前后的叶型进行了叶栅吹风实验对比,进一步验证了优化效果。     

涡轮多学科优化中的气动设计技术探讨

通过对涡轮多学科优化的分析,讨论了多学科优化中的气动设计技术.提出了基于叶栅特征参数和贝塞尔函数的二维叶栅参数化造型方法,并结合积叠轴的掠、弯形成三维复杂几何叶片成型技术.通过对气动优化过程中的数学模型分析,给出了一般要求的约束条件,并根据不同阶段的气动设计和约束条件提出了分阶段嵌套优化方法.针对三维气动计算,对商用软件CFX进行了二次开发,实现了三维计算的自动分网、建模、求解和后处理.最后,结合具体算例完成的优化设计结果表明,其涡轮效率提高了约2.3%,工作叶片数减少13.21%,叶片叶身总质量下降8.96%.      

多级涡轮多目标气动优化设计流程

在准三维设计基础上,采用多目标优化设计方法,给出一个多级涡轮气动优化设计流程,优化联合采用人工神经网络和遗传算法,流场计算采用全三维粘性流N-S方程求解。此优化设计流程有三个特点:针对每列叶栅的气动特性进行局部优化;各列叶栅反复多次优化;粗细网格交替使用。并采用此设计流程对一三级涡轮进行优化设计,效率提高1%,说明此方法可以有效的用于多级涡轮气动优化设计。     

轴流压气机串列叶栅参数优化研究

为发展串列叶栅优化设计体系,首先提出了串列叶型的参数化造型方法,并对某传统叶栅进行了串列改型,设计点总压损失系数下降了41.8%,静压升上升了0.92%。发展了主从式并行微分进化算法,并对该串列叶栅的5个配置参数进行了数值优化,设计点总压损失系数降低了8.67%,静压升提高了0.3%。采用偏相关分析法对优化全过程进行数据挖掘,揭示了5个配置参数对串列叶栅性能的影响程度。提出并验证了串列叶栅前后叶的弯角和弦长分布对攻角特性的影响关系,并定义一个新的参数用于衡量这一影响关系,实现了对攻角特性的调节,得到了全工况更优的方案。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.