多目标综合测量系统的三种弹道计算方法

给出了多目标综合测量系统的三种弹道计算方法：解析算法、逐点最小二乘算法和样长约束弹道的EMBET方法，并比较了它们的弹道计算机精度。这三种算法不仅提供了各种可能情况下的弹道计算备选方案，而且形成了一个独立完整的精度逐步提高的弹道计算流程。     

干涉仪测量数据联合定位的方法

提出了干涉仪测量系统的六通道测量数据联合定位的处理思想，并提供了具体的计算处理方法。该新方法是将测速数据与定位数据联合确定运载火箭的位置坐标，进而可计算其速度、加速度等其它弹道参数，这无疑会提高测量数据的利用率和改进弹道计算结果的精度。     

末敏弹外弹道测量方法研究

本文简单介绍了末敏弹的发展现状、特点及其弹道测量技术要求。着重阐述了几种弹道测量方式，并分析计算了测量精度，指出了优缺点，为末敏弹在靶场试验鉴定中选择测量技术方案提供参考。     

多测速雷达弹道测量体制研究

对多测速雷达弹道测量体制进行了概念性研究，阐述了其数学原理并提出了一个具有工程意义的系统组成设想。分析结果表明，多测速雷达弹道测量体制是一种很有潜力的高精度测量体制，它在保证高精度测量的同时，可以实现系统机动、小型化，减少人员编制，简化设备维护，这些特性正是未来靶场测控系统发展趋势和导弹试验任务的迫切需求。     

用自助法估计外弹道测量数据随机误差分布特性

针对外弹道测量数据的有限性使随机误差的分布估计不够准确的问题,提出了基于Bootstrap（自助）方法的外弹道测量数据随机误差分布特性估计。首先对测量数据采用样条分频技术得到随机误差的初步估计,然后采用三次多项式拟合修正样本经验分布函数,替换传统Bootstrap方法中经验分布函数,得到随机误差的Bootstrap样本,计算Bootstrap样本的统计量,从而得到精度较高的外弹道测量数据随机误差模型。从仿真数据验证结果来看,解决了传统Bootstrap方法仿真随机样本相对比较集中的问题。     

不同弹道制导工具误差的折合方法

本文给出了不同弹道制导工具误差进行折合的计算方法,对各种特殊弹道进行了仿真和实际计算。计算表明:这种折合方法比传统的“分离——折合”方法好。该方法对弹道参数的外测精度要求不高,工作量小,而且不需全弹道高精度测量(只要有一小段弹道满足精度即可)。文中对不同特殊弹道的仿真折合结果作了比较分析,提出了远程导弹定型实验立足国内时,具体试验弹道的选取意见。本文对定型试验方案设计有重要参考价值。     

飞船返回舱再入飞行迎角和侧滑角估计

迎角和侧滑角是飞船返回舱再入飞行试验气动分析工作所需的重要参数.本文发展了基于弹道重建的返回舱迎角和侧滑角估计方法.首先,利用舱上测量数据和有限的地面雷达测量数据,采用极大似然法进行弹道重建,再现黑障区的弹道,同时给出整个再入过程的弹道参数;然后,利用几何关系法计算迎角和侧滑角,并进行风修正.对某飞船返回舱的飞行试验数据进行了计算和分析,结果证实了弹道重建数学模型和算法的正确性以及迎角和侧滑角估计方法的有效性.     

地炮弹丸攻角靶场测量精度要求的探讨

本文在论证比对基础上选取了弹丸气动参数辨识模型及弹道研究模型，并以某１５５ｍｍ榴弹为例，研究弹丸气动参数，攻角姿态及其测量误差对弹道特性与射表精度的影响，进行了大量对比计算和分析，据此对纸靶、太阳方位角传感器等攻角测量系统初步提出了较明确的测量度要求。     

末敏弹外弹道测量方法研究

本文简单介绍了末敏弹的发展现状、特点及其弹道测量技术要求。着重阐述了几种弹道测量方式,并分析计算了测量精度,指出了优缺点,为末敏弹在靶场试验鉴定中选择测量技术方案提供参考。     

利用X射线的中间弹道测量技术

在火炮射击试验中,中间弹道测量的目的是研究后效期内火药气体所产生的初始扰动对射弹散布和射击准确度的影响。目前中间弹道测量技术是火炮射击试验的薄弱环节,也是须研究的重要课题。采用变象管X射线阴影摄影技术,可测量中间弹道和弹丸的姿态。 本文着重描述了采用X射线进行中间弹道测量的基本原理,介绍了试验装置,给出了测试结果,作了综合分析并提出了改进意见。     

脉冲雷达探测中高轨道目标方法及试验

通过分析中高轨目标雷达回波信号特性,给出一种基于空间目标动力学约束的回波信号相参积累方法,介绍了信号积累模式下中高轨道目标的参数测量方法。通过对国内某型号雷达进行中高轨目标探测支路改造及相关试验,获取试验数据并对其进行分析,验证了原理的正确性和方法的可行性。     

Multiple model particle flter track-before-detect for range ambiguous radar

The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.     

Experimental study on pulse radar target probing in RFS based on interrupted transmitting and receiving

Radar target probing and measurement are challenging tasks for Radio Frequency Simulation (RFS) with pulse radar signal. Due to the long-time duration of pulse radar signal and the limited space of anechoic chamber, the reflected signal returns before pulse radar signal is fully transmitted in RFS. As a consequence, the transmitted and reflected signals are coupled at the receiver. To handle this problem, the Interrupted Transmitting and Receiving (ITR) experiment system is constructed in this paper by dividing the pulse radar signal into sub-pulses. The target echo can be obtained by transmitting and receiving the sub-pulses intermittently. Furthermore, the principles of ITR are discussed and the target probing experiments are performed with the ITR system. It is demonstrated that the ITR system can overcome the coupling between the reflected and transmitted signals. Based on the target probing results, the performance of pulse radar target probing and measurement can be verified in RFS with the ITR system.     

Stability Measurement Problems and Techniques for Operational Airborne Pulse Doppler Radar

In the deployment of pulse Doppler (PD) radar, determination of phase and amplitude stability is the most difficult measurement problem. Unique requirements are placed on pulse and carrier stability so that the radar can perform in strong clutter. Because of subclutter visibility and sensitivity specifications, coherent noise, which is insignificant for noncoherent pulse radars, becomes extremely important. In solving the measurement problem, special support equipment was developed which is considered to have reached such a degree of refinement that it is probably one of the most technically advanced pieces of field test equipment supporting any operational radar. This paper discusses stability requirements, sources of instability, and the combination of techniques selected for verification of compliance of the PD radar with the stability requirements. The results of a program to develop special field support equipment to satisfy the measurement requirements are emphasized. Results of field experience and the special training required of military field personnel to enable them to effectively use this relatively complex support equipment are discussed.     

脉冲雷达凝视模式下低轨碎片相对运动特征分析

脉冲雷达凝视模式是一种探测低轨小碎片的重要方式,其中低轨碎片与雷达的径向运动关系是碎片统计分析的基础.为推算碎片相对雷达的运动特征,基于坐标系的相互转换,先利用雷达测站信息,得到可见碎片在地惯坐标系下的轨道信息;再逆向将目标不同时刻的位置转换至测站坐标系下,得到目标的径向运动特征.在不同要素（雷达波束指向、雷达仰角、测站纬度、目标距离）下,仿真及对比分析了各个参数对速度模糊度、雷达可见性等的影响,得出在凝视模式下目标相对雷达近似做径向匀加速运动,这为后续试验工作提供有力的依据.     

Prime sequences for asynchronous pulse repetition interval agileradar

We propose the use of prime sequences in pulse repetition agile radar to increase the immunity of the radar to reconnaissance and deceptive jamming. The prime sequences are mapped into state agile mapped (SAM) sequences and are used to determine the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the radar. We show that this produces a system with low mutual interference between radars and with a low probability of ambiguous range measurement resulting in good resistance to active deceptive jamming     

雷达RCS测量的月球标定方法

提出利用月球的雷达标定方法，分析了月球作为脉冲雷达标定目标的电磁散射特性。研究了月球标定时雷达工作方式的有关问题，并对方法效能进行了评估。     

A Method for Radar Turbulence Detection

A method is described whereby a conventional non-Doppler radar may be used in the measurement and detection of atmospheric turbulence. The technique involves the measurement of the average echo power and the variance of the fluctuation spectrum in each of two separated pulse volumes, and corresponding measure ments of echo power and variance of the detected signals in a channel representing the predetection sum of the signals from those two volumes. It is shown that the variance of the sum channel is the power-weighted sum of the variances in the independent channels plus a term dependent upon the difference in mean radial velocity of the associated pulse volumes. Accordingly, the difference in mean radial velocity can be measured. When the spacing of the sampled volumes is adjusted to represent distance along an aircraft flight plan, the measurement is a measure of the turbulence to be experienced in traversing the space between those volumes. Specific systems for accomplishing the measure ment are discussed.     

A novel pulse TOA analysis technique for radar identification

A new processing technique is presented for identifying individual pulse trains in a buffer load of pulse time-of-arrival (TOA) data from radar warning receiver sets currently in use for electronic warfare (EW). The method is based on the numerical characteristics of the matrix of the differences of the TOA data points. In particular, for a uniform pulse repetition interval (PRI) emitter, this matrix is a symmetrical harmonic Toeplitz matrix the inverse of which has banded tridiagonal form. This form leads to an estimator for the PRI in terms of the trace of the inverted matrix     

雷达信号的模糊聚类分选方法

随着现代电子战的激烈对抗,复杂体制雷达迅速增加并逐渐占居主导地位,侦察接收机接收到的雷达信号更加复杂和密集.为克服传统信号分选算法的局限性,采用基于模糊聚类分析的雷达脉冲信号分选方法,此方法能利用雷达信号的特征参数有效地分选出非常规和常规雷达信号.首先介绍模糊聚类的基本原理,并进行信号分选仿真实验.仿真结果证明分选结果较理想,验证了此方法的有效性和可行性.该方法易编程实现,适用于处理大量数据,是一种解决密集复杂脉冲信号分选问题的新途径.