双三角机翼前缘涡襟翼的试验研究

通过风洞试验对双三角翼的内涡襟翼及外涡襟翼进行了研究。探讨了影响涡襟翼效率的各种因素及其规律,其中包括机翼前缘区状态、涡襟翼形状、涡襟翼偏度、内、外涡襟翼的搭配以及后缘襟翼效率等。尤其是根据内外翼涡场的不同研究了复合平面形状机翼内涡襟翼与外涡襟翼设计上的特点,为设计双三角翼的涡襟翼提供了参考数据。研究结果表明,正确设计前缘涡襟翼与后缘襟翼可以优化大后掠双三角机翼的低速性能。     

Experimental study of flow field distribution over a generic cranked double delta wing

The flow fields over a generic cranked double delta wing were investigated. Pressure and velocity distributions were obtained using a Pitot tube and a hot wire anemometer. Two different leading edge shapes, namely ‘‘sharp and ‘‘round, were applied to the wing. The wing had two sweep angles of 55° and 30°. The experiments were conducted in a closed circuit wind tunnel at velocity 20 m/s and angles of attack of 5°–20° with the step of 5°. The Reynolds number of the model was about 2 ×10~5 according to the root chord. A dual vortex structure was formed above the wing surface. A pressure drop occurred at the vortex core and the root mean square of the measured velocity increased at the core of the vortices, reflecting the instability of the flow in that region. The magnitude of power spectral density increased strongly in spanwise direction and had the maximum value at the vortex core. By increasing the angle of attack, the pressure drop increased and the vortices became wider; the vortices moved inboard along the wing, and away from the surface; the flow separation was initiated from the outer portion of the wing and developed to its inner part. The vortices of the wing of the sharp leading edge were stronger than those of the round one.     

Effect of an end plate on surface pressure distributions of two swept wings

A series of wind tunnel tests was conducted to examine how an end plate affects the pressure distributions of two wings with leading edge(LE) sweep angles of 23° and 40°. All the experiments were carried out at a midchord Reynolds number of 8×10~5, covering an angle of attack(AOA) range from -2° to 14°. Static pressure distribution measurements were acquired over the upper surfaces of the wings along three chordwise rows and one spanwise direction at the wing quarter-chord line. The results of the tests confirm that at a particular AOA, increasing the sweep angle causes a noticeable decrease in the upper-surface suction pressure. Furthermore, as the sweep angle increases, the development of a laminar separation bubble near the LEs of the wings takes place at higher AOAs. On the other hand, spanwise pressure measurements show that increasing the wing sweep angle results in forming a stronger vortex on the quarter-chord line which has lower sensitivity to AOA variation and remains substantially attached to the wing surface for higher AOAs than that can be achieved in the case of a lower sweep angle. In addition, data obtained indicate that installing an end plate further reinforces the spanwise flow over the wing surface, thus affecting the pressure distribution.     

前缘钝化对高超声速飞行器气动特性的影响

为解决前缘钝化后由于外形的变化引起周围流场改变,导致激波形状发生变化而影响飞行器气动特性的问题,对前缘钝化后的吸气式高超声速飞行器气动特性进行了研究。对比分析了前缘钝化对吸气式高超声速飞行器气动特性的影响,得出了吸气式高超声速飞行器气动性能参数随着钝化半径的变化规律。研究结论可为乘波构型的高超声速飞行器一体化设计提供一定的依据。     

基于参数化分析的柔性后缘优化设计

介绍了一种自适应柔性机翼后缘变形控制优化设计方法,该方法采用了由单个驱动器驱动的单块式分布柔性结构。该方法的关键在于设计一种合适的柔性后缘结构拓扑形式,使该自适应柔性机翼后缘能够达到精确的变形。阐明了柔性结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型,针对自适应柔性机翼后缘概念设计提出了基于参数化分析的拓扑优化设计方案,并进行了工程化圆整和尺寸优化。最终,通过非线性有限元分析和功能测试,验证了本文提出的柔性后缘优化设计方法的合理性。     

偏转翼前缘热流分布特征

对于偏转翼,其迎风角和偏转角直接影响到前缘弧面上热流最高点的分布位置。运用球面三角学原理并基于后掠圆柱热流计算公式推导偏转翼的迎风角、偏转角和离心角（前缘弧面上偏离前缘中心线的角）之间的关系。在确定迎风角和偏转角的条件下,应用该式可以直接确定前缘弧面上最大热流的分布位置,该结果与实验及工程计算结果基本一致,可以基本满足工程使用要求。最后分析前缘上最大热流位置随迎风角及偏转角的变化规律。     

湍流度和吹风比对叶片前缘双出口孔射流冷却效率影响

为了探讨湍流度对一种新型气膜孔射流气膜冷却影响,利用商业软件提供的有限体积法求解N-S方程,对湍流度分别为0.4%、10%和20%时的双出口孔射流冷却效率进行数值模拟。吹风比变化范围为0.5到2.0。首先将圆柱孔射流冷却效率计算结果和实验数据进行了对比,二者吻合较好。计算得到了双出口孔射流气膜冷却下的流场、径向平均冷却效率。结果表明,湍流度和吹风比对冷却效率都有较大影响。湍流度为0.4%和10%时,最高冷却效率在吹风比1.0时获得;湍流度30%时,最高冷却效率在吹风比2.0时获得。吹风比0.5和1.0时,冷却效率随着湍流度的增加而降低;吹风比2.0时,冷却效率随着湍流度的增加而增加。