C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀形貌和烧蚀机理

以PAN预氧化纤维整体毡为增强体,经碳化、等温CVI致密化后制备多孔的C/C复合材料预制体,利用气体压力浸渗法将Cu引入C/C预制体中制备C/C-Cu复合材料。采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰考核C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀性能,经扫描电镜和电子能谱对不同烧蚀区域的微观结构和成分进行分析,结果表明:预制体密度为0.96 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为4.75μm/s、0.223 mg/s,烧蚀性能优良;其烧蚀表面具有不同的宏观形貌,在烧蚀中心区产生了明显的凹坑,主要烧蚀机制为C/C预制体的氧化和铜基体的机械冲刷;烧蚀过渡区聚集了大量的铜基体,其烧蚀机制为Cu的热氧化和机械冲刷;烧蚀边缘区材料表面变黑,主要因为C/C的氧化。为了提高C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能,需要发挥C/C预制体的"钉扎"作用,阻止Cu在高温下被气流冲刷而发生流动。     

C/C-Cu 复合材料的弯曲性能

以碳纤维针刺毡为整体骨架,采用CVI工艺制备出不同密度的C/C复合材料,然后用挤压铸造成型方法制备了C/C-Cu复合材料。并对不同组分的C/C-Cu以及C/C复合材料的弯曲性能进行了研究,结果表明:密度为4.59 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的xy向弯曲强度高于密度为1.85 g/cm3的C/C复合材料,并且具有一定的塑性,铜基体发挥了增韧增强的作用;密度为2.04 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的xy向弯曲强度低于密度为1.85 g/cm3的C/C复合材料,且没有塑性出现,铜基体分散未发挥增强作用。     

C/C-SiC复合材料两种制备工艺及材料性能

以碳纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)制备出低密度碳/碳复合材料,再分别采用液相硅渗透工艺(LSI)制备出密度为2.1g/cm3的碳/碳-碳化硅复合材料(C/C-SiC),及先驱体转化工艺(PIP)制备出密度为1.9g/cm3的C/C-SiC.对2种工艺制备的C/C-SiC力学性能进行了比较,结果表明:PIP工艺制备的C/C-SiC弯曲强度为287MPa,明显高于LSI工艺制备的弯曲强度155MPa.     

酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能

为考察纳米孔径的酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能,以酚醛树脂为碳源,环戊烷为发泡剂,吐温80为表面活性剂,对甲苯磺酸为固化剂,采用发泡固化碳化工艺制备了低密度泡沫碳材料。所制备的泡沫碳材料密度为0. 3 g/cm^3,压缩强度达到了11. 7 MPa。采用LFA457激光导热仪考察了泡沫碳材料在不同温度下(25、200、400、600℃)的导热性能,25℃下热导率为0. 141 W/(m·K),600℃下热导率为0. 344 W/(m·K);通过氧乙炔试验(30 s/60 s)对泡沫碳材料与C/C复合材料在同样的气流条件下隔热性能进行了比较,在材料正面烧蚀峰值温度泡沫碳材料比C/C复合材料高出约400℃的情况下,背面峰值温度比C/C复合材料仍低出150℃;通过氧乙炔试验考察泡沫碳材料的抗烧蚀性能,氧乙炔烧蚀60 s的线烧蚀率为0. 031 mm/s。试验结果证明低密度的泡沫碳材料同时具备优异的隔热与高温抗烧蚀性能。     

先驱体转化法制备2D C/SiC-ZrC复合材料中ZrC含量对材料结构性能影响研究

针对高超音速飞行器、可重复使用运载器和下一代火箭发动机等超高温使用环境的工况要求,提出在2D C/SiC复合材料中引入耐超高温ZrC填料.采用先驱体转化法制备了不同ZrC含量的2D C/SiC-ZrC新型复合材料,考察了ZrC含量对材料力学性能、抗烧蚀性能和组成结构的影响.结果表明,材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量随着ZrC含量的增加有一定程度的下降,材料的抗烧蚀性能明显提高,其中ZrC含量最高(33.3vol%)的试样S-50弯曲强度和弯曲模量均最低,分别为192.1MPa和27.5GPa;经氧乙炔焰烧蚀考核60s后,表面温度达到2123℃,试样表现出最低的烧蚀率,线烧蚀率为0.004mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.006g/s.     

ZrB2 改性C/ C-SiC 复合材料性能研究

采用碳纤维复合网胎针刺预制体,通过溶液浸渍工艺制备了碳纤维增强C/C-SiC和C/C-SiC-ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料,并对材料的力学、热物理和烧蚀性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料的面内弯曲强度、厚度方向的压缩强度、层间剪切强度分别为199、274和19.3 MPa,各性能均低于对应的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料。针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2材料与针刺C/C-SiC材料相比,热导率得到大幅度提高,而线胀系数略微有所降低。2 500 K、600 s风洞试验后,针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料表现出良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,质量烧蚀率约0.4×10-4g/s。     

SiC/ ZrC 前驱体配比对 C/ C-SiC-ZrC 复合材料烧蚀性能的影响

以不同质量比Si C/Zr C有机前驱体混合溶液为浸渍剂,采用前驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制得C/CSi C-Zr C复合材料。对C/C-Si C-Zr C复合材料的组成、微观结构及烧蚀性能进行了分析和测试,探讨了Si C/Zr C前驱体配比对复合材料烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着Zr C含量的增加,复合材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。采用质量比为1∶3的Si C/Zr C前驱体混合溶液制备的C/C-Si C-Zr C复合材料具有相对较好的烧蚀性能,试样在氧乙炔焰下3 000℃烧蚀20 s,其质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为-0.65 mg/s和21μm/s。Si C-Zr C复相陶瓷中Zr C含量过低或过高均不利于提高其氧化稳定性,而Zr C含量适中的Si C-Zr C复相陶瓷具有较好的氧化稳定性。     

不同T300 级碳纤维轴棒法C/ C 复合材料的导热性能

选取两种国产T300级PAN基碳纤维,轴棒法制备4D预制体,以高温煤沥青为前驱体,采用液相浸渍-炭化以及石墨化相结合的技术制备C/C复合材料(密度≥1.95 g/cm<'3>),研究了C/C复合材料从室温(RT)到800℃的热导率及其影响因素.研究表明,在实验温度范围内C/C复合材料的热导率随温度升高而降低,由于原材料自身特性和预制体编织结构具有方向性,使C/C复合材料的导热性能表现出各向异性,径向热导率明显高于轴向;密度高、开孔率小、石墨化程度高的C/C复合材料由于晶粒间连通状态好,微晶结构趋于完整,材料的热导率增大;以低压热处理为最终处理工艺的C/C复合材料热导率略有提高;采用国产T300级与东丽,1300碳纤维制备的C/C复合材料的热导率相当.     

2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的烧蚀性能

用ZrB2微粉对2D C/SiC基体进行改性,研究了化学气相渗透结合浆料浸渍及先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备2DC/SiC-ZrB2复合材料在氧-乙炔焰和1800℃甲烷风洞环境中的烧蚀行为.结果表明:在氧-乙炔环境中,2D C/SiC-ZrB2的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为6.1×10-2 mm/s和1.0×10 -2g/s,相对2D C/SiC复合材料而言,ZrB2微粉并没有提高C/SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.在1800℃甲烷风洞环境中,涂层致密度起主要作用,涂层致密度相同时,复合材料的开气孔率越大,质量烧蚀率越大,ZrB2微粉的渗入对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀性能影响不大.     

我国碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料抗烧蚀改性进展研究

碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料(C/SiC)因具有耐高温、抗氧化、高比强和高比模等优点,被认为是代替高温合金作为热结构材料最有潜力的备选材料之一。由于碳纤维抗氧化性能差以及SiC基体在超高温烧蚀环境下氧化产物易挥发等问题,需要对C/SiC复合材料进行抗烧蚀改性。目前,针对C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的途径主要有优化碳纤维预制体结构和增加复合材料的致密度、采用超高温陶瓷改性SiC基体以及在复合材料表面制备抗烧蚀涂层。综述了国内关于C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的研究工作,同时提出了抗烧蚀改性制备工艺过程中面临的关键问题,为C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性研究提供了思路。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.